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Matrix Transformations

Consider the eigenvalue problem $Ax = \lambda Bx$. The spectral transformation or shift-and-invert transformation (SI) is defined by

\begin{displaymath}T_{\rm SI} = (A - \mu B)^{-1} B,\end{displaymath}

where $\mu$ is the shift or pole. If $Ax = \lambda Bx$ then $T_{\rm SI} x = \gamma x$ with $\gamma=(\lambda-\mu)^{-1}$. An alternative is the Cayley transform

\begin{displaymath}T_{\mathrm{C}} = (A-\mu B)^{-1} (A - \nu B),\end{displaymath}

where $\mu$ is the pole and $\nu$ the zero. If $Ax = \lambda Bx$ then $T_{\mathrm{C}} x=\zeta x$ with $\zeta = (\lambda-\mu)^{-1}(\lambda-\nu)$. Since $T_{\mathrm{C}} = I + (\mu-\nu) T_{\rm SI}$ and Krylov spaces are shift-invariant with respect to the matrix, we have that

\begin{displaymath}\KK^k(T_{\mathrm{C}},v_1) = \KK^k(T_{\rm SI},v_1) \ ,\end{displaymath}

so, the Arnoldi method applied to $T_{\rm SI}$ or $T_{\mathrm{C}}$ delivers the same Ritz vectors and after back transformation of $\gamma$'s and $\zeta$'s, respectively, leads to the same $\lambda$'s.



Susan Blackford 2000-11-20