Memory Hierarchy
¨By taking advantage of the principle of locality:
ãPresent the user with as much memory as is available in the cheapest technology.
ãProvide access at the speed offered by the fastest technology.
Control
Datapath
Secondary
Storage
(Disk)
Processor
Text Box: Registers
Registers
Main
Memory
(DRAM)
Second
Level
Cache
(SRAM)
Text Box: On-Chip Cache
On-Chip
Cache
1s
10,000,000s 
   (10s ms)
100,000 s
(.1s ms)
Speed (ns):
10s
100s
100s
Gs
Size (bytes):
Ks
Ms
Tertiary
Storage
(Disk/Tape)
10,000,000,000s 
   (10s sec)
10,000,000 s
(10s ms)
Ts
Distributed
Memory
Remote
Cluster
Memory
The design goal is to present the user with as much memory as is available in the cheapest technology (points to the disk).
While by taking advantage of the principle of locality, we like to provide the user an average access speed that is very close to the speed that is offered by the fastest technology.
(We will go over this slide in details in the next lecture on caches).

+1 = 16 min. (X:56)