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@STRING{cssm = {Comm. Statist. Stochastic Models}}

@STRING{DECA = {Decision Anal.}}

@STRING{EJOR = {Eur. J. Oper. Res.}}

@STRING{IJOC = {INFORMS J. Comput.}}

@STRING{INTE = {Interfaces}}

@STRING{ISRE = {Inform. Systems Res.}}

@STRING{JOTA = {J. Optim. Theory Appl.}}

@STRING{LAA = {Linear Algebra Appl.}}

@STRING{MC = {Math. Comput.}}

@STRING{MNSC = {Management Sci.}}

@STRING{MOOR = {Math. Oper. Res.}}

@STRING{MP = {Math. Programming}}

@STRING{MPA = {Math. Programming, Ser.˜A}}

@STRING{MPB = {Math. Programming, Ser.˜B}}

@STRING{MPS = {Math. Programming Stud.}}

@STRING{MSOM = {Manufacturing Service Oper. Management}}

@STRING{NUMMATH = {Numer. Math.}}

@STRING{OPRE = {Oper. Res.}}

@STRING{ORSAC = {ORSA J. Comput.}}

@STRING{ORSC = {Organ. Sci.}}

@STRING{SIAPM = {SIAM J. Appl. Math.}}

@STRING{SIC = {SIAM J. Comput.}}

@STRING{SICON = {SIAM J. Control Optim.}}

@STRING{SINUM = {SIAM J. Numer. Anal.}}

@STRING{SIOPT = {SIAM J. Optim.}}

@STRING{SIREV = {SIAM Rev.}}

@STRING{SISC = {SIAM J. Sci. Comput.}}

@STRING{TOMS = {ACM Trans. Math. Software}}

@STRING{TR = {Transportation Res.}}

@STRING{TRA = {Transportation Res. A}}

@STRING{TRB = {Transportation Res. B}}

@STRING{TRC = {Transportation Res. C}}

@STRING{TRSC = {Transportation Sci.}}

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@MISC{butools,
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@MISC{cord13,
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@TECHREPORT{ettl.feig.ea99,
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}

@ARTICLE{gans.ea03,
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  volume = {5},
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  number = {2},
  doi = {10.1287/msom.5.2.79.16071},
  owner = {German Riaño},
  timestamp = {2006.05.06},
  url = {http://www.extenza-eps.com/INF/doi/abs/10.1287/msom.5.2.79.16071}
}

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@UNPUBLISHED{glas.wang96,
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  journal = {Transportation Science},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {107-118},
  number = {1},
  month = {February},
  abstract = {This paper develops and analyzes a ?nite horizon Markov decision process
	model for the airline meal provisioning activity focusing explicitly
	on developing policies for determining and revising the number of
	meals to upload. Using one year of daily data from over 40 ?ights,
	the paper shows that the optimal policies can result in both improved
	customer service and signi?cant dollar savings, especially in long
	haul ?ights. It also applies the model to derive an ef?cient frontier
	and investigate tradeoffs between having too few and too many meals
	on a ?ight.}
}

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  title = {The {BIGSTEP} approach to flow management in stochastic processing
	networks},
  booktitle = {Stochastic Networks: Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {F. P. Kelly and S. Zachary and I. Ziedins},
  pages = {57--90},
  month = {September},
  note = {Royal Statistical Society Lecture Note Series No. 4}
}

@UNPUBLISHED{harr96b,
  author = {Harrison, J. M.},
  title = {The {BIGSTEP} approach to flow management in stochastic processing
	networks},
  note = {Technical report, Stanford University},
  year = {1996}
}

@ARTICLE{harr.wein90,
  author = {Harrison, J. Michael and Wein, Lawrence M.},
  title = {Scheduling networks of queues: heavy traffic analysis of a two-station
	closed network},
  journal = OPRE,
  year = {1990},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {1052--1064},
  number = {6},
  abstract = {To read},
  coden = {OPREAI},
  fjournal = {#OPRE#},
  issn = {0030-364X},
  mrclass = {90B22},
  mrnumber = {1 095 959}
}

@ARTICLE{harr.wein89,
  author = {Harrison, J. Michael and Wein, Lawrence M.},
  title = {Scheduling networks of queues: heavy traffic analysis of a simple
	open network},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {265--279},
  number = {4},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {90B35 (60K25)},
  mrnumber = {91g:90080},
  mrreviewer = {S. Csibi}
}

@ARTICLE{hast71,
  author = {Hastings, N.},
  title = {Technical Note. Bounds on the Gain of a Markov Decision Process},
  journal = {Operations Research},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {240--244},
  number = {1},
  publisher = {INFORMS}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{have.vanm.ea92,
  author = {Haverkort, Boudewijn R and van Moorsel, Aad PA and Dijkstra, Arvid},
  title = {MGMtool: A Performance Modelling Tool Based on Matrix Geometric Techniques},
  booktitle = {IN MEMORANDA INFORMATICA 92-35. UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE, TELE-INFORMATICS
	AND OPEN SYSTEMS},
  year = {1992},
  organization = {Citeseer},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@BOOK{hill.lieb80,
  title = {Introduction to operations research},
  publisher = {Holden Day},
  year = {1980},
  author = {Hillier and Lieberman},
  owner = {Diego Bello},
  timestamp = {2006.04.08}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{hoey.stau.ea99,
  author = {Hoey, J. and St-Aubin, R. and Hu, A. and Boutilier, C.},
  title = {SPUDD: Stochastic planning using decision diagrams},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial
	intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {279--288},
  organization = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@INCOLLECTION{horv.tele00,
  author = {Horvath, A. and Telek, M.},
  title = {Approximating heavy-tailed behaviour with {P}hase-{T}ype distributions},
  booktitle = {Advances in Algorithmic Methods for Stochastic Models},
  publisher = {Notable Publications, Inc},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Latouche, G. and Taylor, P.},
  pages = {191-213},
  owner = {Juan Fernando Perez},
  timestamp = {2006.02.14}
}

@INCOLLECTION{horv.tele02,
  author = {Horv{\'a}th, A. and Telek, M.},
  title = {Phfit: A general phase-type fitting tool},
  booktitle = {Computer Performance Evaluation: Modelling Techniques and Tools},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {82--91},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{jenn.mand.ea96,
  author = {Otis B. Jennings and Avishai Mandelbaum and William A. Massey and
	Ward Whitt},
  title = {Server staffing to meet time-varying demand},
  journal = MNSC,
  year = {1996},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {1383--1394},
  number = {10},
  month = {October},
  abstract = {We consider a multiserver service system with general nonstationary
	arrival and service-time processes in which s(t), the number of servers
	as a function of time, needs to be selected to meet projected loads.
	We try to choose s(t) so that the probability of a delay (before
	beginning service) hits or falls just below a target probability
	at all times. We develop an approximate procedure based on a time-dependent
	normal distribution, where the mean and variance are determined by
	infinite-server approximations. We demonstrate that this approximation
	is effective by making comparisons with the exact numerical solution
	of the Markovian M$_t$/M/s$_t$ model.},
  owner = {German Ria{\~n}o},
  timestamp = {2006.02.13}
}

@BOOK{john.c74,
  title = {Operations research in production planning, scheduling and inventory
	control},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = {1974},
  author = {Johnson, L. A. and Montgomery D. C.}
}

@ARTICLE{john.taaf90,
  author = {Johnson, Mary A. and Taaffe, Michael R.},
  title = {Matching moments to phase distributions: density function shapes},
  journal = {Comm. Statist. Stochastic Models},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {283--306},
  number = {2},
  coden = {CSSME8},
  fjournal = {Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models},
  issn = {0882-0287},
  mrclass = {90C42 (60J10 60K25)},
  mrnumber = {91j:90096b},
  mrreviewer = {A. H. {\v{Z}}ilinskas}
}

@ARTICLE{john.taaf89,
  author = {Johnson, Mary A. and Taaffe, Michael R.},
  title = {Matching moments to phase distributions: mixtures of {E}rlang distributionsof
	common order},
  journal = {Comm. Statist. Stochastic Models},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {711--743},
  number = {4},
  coden = {CSSME8},
  fjournal = {Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models},
  issn = {0882-0287},
  mrclass = {60K25 (60E05)},
  mrnumber = {91a:60244}
}

@BOOK{kall83,
  title = {Random measures},
  publisher = {Akademie-Verlag},
  year = {1983},
  author = {Kallenberg, O.}
}

@BOOK{klei75,
  title = {Queueing systems},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1975},
  author = {Kleinrock}
}

@ARTICLE{kook.serf93,
  author = {Kook, Kwang Ho and Serfozo, Richard F.},
  title = {Travel and sojourn times in stochastic networks},
  journal = {Ann. Appl. Probab.},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {228--252},
  number = {1},
  fjournal = {The Annals of Applied Probability},
  issn = {1050-5164},
  mrclass = {60K25 (68M20 90B22)},
  mrnumber = {94c:60158},
  mrreviewer = {Hans Daduna}
}

@BOOK{kulk95,
  title = {Modeling and analysis of stochastic systems},
  publisher = {Chapman {\&} Hall.},
  year = {1995},
  author = {Kulkarni, V.}
}

@BOOK{kulk99,
  title = {Modeling, analysis, design, and control of stochastic system},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {1999},
  author = {Kulkarni, Vidyadhar G.},
  owner = {Diego Bello},
  timestamp = {2006.04.08}
}

@ARTICLE{kuma93,
  author = {Kumar, P.R.},
  title = {Re-entrant lines},
  journal = {Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications },
  year = {1993},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {87-110}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{kwia11,
  author = {M. Kwiatkowska and G. Norman and D. Parker},
  title = {{PRISM} 4.0: Verification of Probabilistic Real-time Systems},
  booktitle = {Proc. 23rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
	(CAV'11)},
  year = {2011},
  editor = {G. Gopalakrishnan and S. Qadeer},
  volume = {6806},
  series = {LNCS},
  pages = {585--591},
  publisher = {Springer}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{lecu.buis05,
  author = {P. L'Ecuyer and E. Buist},
  title = {SIMULATION IN JAVA WITH {SSJ}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference},
  year = {2005},
  owner = {JuanFernando},
  timestamp = {2016.02.06}
}

@INCOLLECTION{lang.arth96,
  author = {Lang, A. and Arthur, J.},
  title = {Parameter approximation for {P}hase{-}{T}ype distributions},
  booktitle = {Matrix Analytic methods in Stochastis Models},
  publisher = {Marcel Dekker, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Chak\-ravarty, S.},
  owner = {Juan Fernando},
  timestamp = {2006.05.13}
}

@ARTICLE{laro01,
  author = {Laroche, Pierre},
  title = {{GraphMDP: A New Decomposition Tool for Solving Markov Decision Processes}},
  journal = {International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {325-343},
  number = {3 },
  note = {Article dans revue scientifique avec comit{\'e} de lecture. A00-R-098
	|| laroche00b A00-R-098 || laroche00b },
  affiliation = {MAIA - INRIA Lorraine - LORIA},
  audience = {non sp{\'e}cifi{\'e}e },
  publisher = {none}
}

@BOOK{lato.rama99,
  title = {Introduction to matrix analytic methods in stochastic modeling},
  publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)},
  year = {1999},
  author = {Latouche, G. and Ramaswami, V.},
  pages = {xiv+334},
  address = {Philadelphia, PA},
  isbn = {0-89871-425-7},
  mrclass = {60K25 (65C50 90B22)},
  mrnumber = {2000b:60224},
  mrreviewer = {P. R. Parthasarathy}
}

@ARTICLE{laut.stid99,
  author = {Lautenbacher, C. J. and Stidham Jr.,S.},
  title = {The underlying {Markov Decision Process} in the single-leg airline
	yield-management problem},
  journal = {Transportation Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {136-146},
  number = {2},
  month = {May},
  abstract = {We introduce the terms dynamic and static, respectively, to identify
	the prevailing approaches to the single-leg airline yield-management
	problem: those allowing customers of different fare classes to book
	concomitantly (dynamic), and those assuming that the demands for
	the different fare classes arrive separately in a predetermined order
	(static). We present a coherent framework linking these seemingly
	disparate models through the underlying dynamic program common to
	both. We develop a discrete-time Markov decision process formulation
	mirroring that of Janakiram et al. Transp. Sci. 33, 147{\^a}€“167
	(1999) to solve the single-leg problem without cancellations, overbooking,
	or discounting. Borrowing a result from the queueing-control literature,
	we prove the concavity of the associated optimal value functions
	and, subsequently, the optimality of a booking limit policy. We then
	apply this same technique to the more influential papers from the
	single-leg literature, at once unifying the static and dynamic models
	and establishing the connection between the yield-management and
	queueing-control problems. Finally, we propose an omnibus formulation
	that yields the static and dynamic models as special cases.}
}

@ARTICLE{lave.reis80,
  author = {Lavenberg, S.S. and Reiser, M. },
  title = {Mean value analysis of closed multichains queueing networks},
  journal = {Association of Computer Machinery},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {313-322},
  number = {2}
}

@BOOK{lew.mauc06,
  title = {Dynamic programming: a computational tool},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2007},
  author = {Lew, A. and Mauch, H.},
  volume = {38}
}

@ARTICLE{lisa.sang.ea98,
  author = {Li, San-qi and Park, Sangkyu and Arifler, Dogu},
  title = {SMAQ: a measurement-based tool for traffic modeling and queuing analysis.
	I. Design methodologies and software architecture},
  journal = {Communications Magazine, IEEE},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {56--65},
  number = {8},
  owner = {germanr},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{litt61,
  author = {Little, J. D. C.},
  title = {A proof for the queueing formula: ${L}=\lambda {W}$},
  journal = OPRE,
  year = {1961},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {383--387},
  abstract = {To get},
  mrclass = {60.80},
  mrnumber = {23 \#A2943},
  mrreviewer = {H. M. Gurk}
}

@ARTICLE{liu.nain.ea95,
  author = {Liu, Zhen and Nain, Philippe and Towsley, Don},
  title = {Sample path methods in the control of queues},
  journal = {Queueing System},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {293-335},
  abstract = {To read}
}

@ARTICLE{kuma91,
  author = {Lu, S.H. and Kumar, P.R. },
  title = {Distributed scheduling based on due dates and buffer priorities},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {1404-1416}
}

@UNPUBLISHED{maha,
  author = {Mahadevan, S. and Khaleeli, N. and Marchalleck, N.},
  title = {Designing Agent controllers using Discrete-Event Markov Models},
  note = {Department of Computer Science, Michigan State University},
  year = {1997},
  owner = {andres},
  timestamp = {2006.01.11}
}

@ARTICLE{maie.ocin92,
  author = {Maier, Robert S. and O'Cinneide, Colm Art},
  title = {A closure characterisation of phase-type distributions},
  journal = {J. Appl. Probab.},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {92--103},
  number = {1},
  coden = {JPRBAM},
  fjournal = {Journal of Applied Probability},
  issn = {0021-9002},
  mrclass = {60E10},
  mrnumber = {92i:60033}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{marc.oliv01,
  author = {Herv{\'e} Marchand and Olivier Boivineau and St{\'e}phane Lafortune},
  title = {Optimal Control of Discrete Event Systems under Partial Observation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,
	CDC},
  year = {2001},
  month = {December}
}

@ARTICLE{mass.whit96,
  author = {Massey, William A. and Whitt, Ward},
  title = {Stationary process approximations for the nonstationary {Erlang}
	loss model},
  journal = OPRE,
  year = {1996},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {976--983},
  number = {6},
  owner = {German Ria{\~n}o},
  timestamp = {2006.02.13}
}

@ARTICLE{mass.whit93,
  author = {Massey, William A. and Whitt, Ward},
  title = {Networks of infinite-server queues with nonstationary {P}oisson input},
  journal = {Queueing Systems},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {183 - 250},
  month = {Mar},
  abstract = {In this paper we focus on networks of infinite-server queues with
	nonhomogeneousPoisson arrival processes. We start by introducing
	a more general Poisson-arrival-locationmodel (PALM) in which arrivals
	move independently through a general statespace according to a location
	stochastic process after arriving accordingto a nonhomogeneous Poisson
	process. The usual open network of infinite-serverqueues, which is
	also known as a linear population process or a linearstochastic compartmental
	model, arises in the special case of a finitestate space. The mathematical
	foundation is a Poisson-random-measure representation,which can be
	obtained by stochastic integration. It implies a time-dependentproduct-form
	result: For appropriate initial conditions, the queue lengths(numbers
	of customers in disjoint subsets of the state space) at any timeare
	independent Poisson random variables. Even though there is no dependenceamong
	the queue lengths at each time, there is important dependence amongthe
	queue lengths at different times. We show that the joint distributionis
	multivariate Poisson, and calculate the covariances. A unified frameworkfor
	constructing stochastic processes of interest is provided by stochasticallyintegrating
	various functionals of the location process with respect tothe Poisson
	arrival process. We use this approach to study the flows inthe queueing
	network; e.g., we show that the aggregate arrival and departureprocesses
	at a given queue (to and from other queues as well as outsidethe
	network) are generalized Poisson processes (without necessarily havinga
	rate or unit jumps) if and only if no customer can visit that queue
	morethan once. We also characterize the aggregate arrival and departure
	processeswhen customers can visit the queues more frequently. In
	addition to obtainingstructural results, we use the stochastic integrals
	to obtain explicitexpressions for time-dependent means and covariances.
	We do this in twoways. First, we decompose the entire network into
	a superposition of independentnetworks with fixed deterministic routes.
	Second, we make Markov assumptions,initially for the evolution of
	the routes and finally for the entire locationprocess. For Markov
	routing among the queues, the aggregate arrival ratesare obtained
	as the solution to a system of input equations, which havea unique
	solution under appropriate qualifications, but not in general.Linear
	ordinary differential equations characterize the time-dependentmeans
	and covariances in the totally Markovian case.},
  owner = {german}
}

@ARTICLE{mauc06,
  author = {Mauch, Holger},
  title = {DP2PN2Solver: A flexible dynamic programming solver software tool},
  journal = {Control and Cybernetics},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {687},
  number = {3},
  owner = {germanr},
  publisher = {POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{mort71,
  author = {Morton, Thomas E},
  title = {Technical Note—On the Asymptotic Convergence Rate of Cost Differences
	for Markovian Decision Processes},
  journal = {Operations Research},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {244--248},
  number = {1},
  publisher = {INFORMS}
}

@INCOLLECTION{muppa.frick.ea00,
  author = {Muppala, J. and Fricks, R. and Trivedi K.},
  title = {Techniques for {S}ystem {D}ependability {E}valuation},
  booktitle = {Computational Probability},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Winfried Grassmann},
  owner = {Juan Fernando},
  timestamp = {2006.05.13}
}

@MISC{murp02,
  author = {K. Murphy},
  title = {Markov Decision Process ({MDP}) Toolbox for Matlab},
  howpublished = {Avilable online at \url{http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Software/MDP/mdp.html/}},
  year = {2002},
  owner = {JuanFernando},
  timestamp = {2014.02.09}
}

@BOOK{nels05,
  title = {Probability, stochastic processes and queuening theory},
  publisher = {Springer -- Verlag New York},
  year = {2005},
  author = {Nelson, R.}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{neut.paga81,
  author = {Neuts, M. and Pagano, M.},
  title = {Generating random variates from a distribution of {Phase-Type}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference},
  year = {1981},
  owner = {Juan Fernando Perez},
  timestamp = {2006.02.14}
}

@INCOLLECTION{neut95,
  author = {Neuts, M. F.},
  title = {Matrix-analytic methods in queueing theory},
  booktitle = {Advances in queueing},
  publisher = {CRC},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {265--292},
  address = {Boca Raton, FL},
  mrclass = {60K25},
  mrnumber = {97d:60153}
}

@ARTICLE{neut92,
  author = {Neuts, M. F.},
  title = {Two further closure properties of {P}{H}-distributions},
  journal = {Asia-Pacific J. Oper. Res.},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {77--85},
  number = {1},
  fjournal = {Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research},
  issn = {0217-5959},
  mrclass = {60K25},
  mrnumber = {93e:60186}
}

@BOOK{neut81,
  title = {Matrix-geometric solutions in stochastic models},
  publisher = {The John Hopkins University Press},
  year = {1981},
  author = {Neuts, M. F.}
}

@BOOK{newe82,
  title = {Applications of queueing theory},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall},
  year = {1982},
  author = {Newell, G.F.},
  address = {London}
}

@ARTICLE{ocin90,
  author = {O'Cinneide, Colm Art},
  title = {Characterization of phase-type distributions},
  journal = {Comm. Statist. Stochastic Models},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {1--57},
  number = {1},
  coden = {CSSME8},
  fjournal = {Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models},
  issn = {0882-0287},
  mrclass = {60K25 (68M20 90B22)},
  mrnumber = {91i:60258},
  mrreviewer = {Pavel P. Bocharov}
}

@ARTICLE{ocin89,
  author = {O'Cinneide, Colm Art},
  title = {On nonuniqueness of representations of phase-type distributions},
  journal = {Comm. Statist. Stochastic Models},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {247--259},
  number = {2},
  coden = {CSSME8},
  fjournal = {Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models},
  issn = {0882-0287},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {91a:60258},
  mrreviewer = {Pavel P. Bocharov}
}

@TECHREPORT{olss98,
  author = {M. Olsson},
  title = {The {EMpht}-programme},
  institution = {Chalmers University of Technology, and G{\"o}tborg University},
  year = {1998},
  type = {Manual},
  address = {Available at {\\ \href{http://www.maths.lth.se/matstat/staff/asmus/pspapers.html}{http://www.maths.lth.se/matstat/staff/asmus/pspapers.html}}},
  month = {June}
}

@ARTICLE{osog.harc06,
  author = {Osogami, T. and Harchol, M.},
  title = {Closed form solutions for mapping general distributions to quasi-minimal
	{PH} distributions},
  journal = {Performance Evaluation},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {524-552},
  owner = {Juan Fernando Perez},
  timestamp = {2006.05.27}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{osog.harc03,
  author = {Osogami, T. and Harchol, M.},
  title = {Necessary and sufficient conditions for representing general distributions
	by coxians},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the TOOLS 2003},
  year = {2003},
  owner = {Juan Fernando Perez},
  timestamp = {2006.02.14}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{osog.harc03b,
  author = {Osogami, T. and Harchol, M.},
  title = {A closed form solution for mapping general distributions to minimal
	{PH} distributions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the TOOLS 2003},
  year = {2003},
  owner = {usuario},
  timestamp = {2006.05.13}
}

@ARTICLE{ott87,
  author = {Ott, Teunis J.},
  title = {On the stationary waiting-time distribution in the ${G}{I}/{G}/1$
	queue.{I}. {T}ransform methods and almost-phase-type distributions},
  journal = {Adv. in Appl. Probab.},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {240--265},
  number = {1},
  abstract = {To read},
  coden = {AAPBBD},
  fjournal = {Advances in Applied Probability},
  issn = {0001-8678},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {88f:60169},
  mrreviewer = {J. George Shanthikumar}
}

@ARTICLE{ott84,
  author = {Ott, Teunis J.},
  title = {The sojourn-time distribution in the ${M}/{G}/1$ queue with processor
	sharing},
  journal = {J. Appl. Probab.},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {360--378},
  number = {2},
  coden = {JPRBAM},
  fjournal = {Journal of Applied Probability},
  issn = {0021-9002},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {85k:60132},
  mrreviewer = {Jacqueline Loris-Teghem}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{peng.ran.ea09,
  author = {Peng, S. and Ran, L. and Sheng-hua, N. and Qin, Y.},
  title = {Markov decision process toolbox},
  booktitle = {Open-source Software for Scientific Computation (OSSC), 2009 IEEE
	International Workshop on},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {123-128},
  month = {Sept}
}

@INBOOK{pute90,
  chapter = {Markov Decision Processes},
  pages = {331-434},
  title = {Handbooks in {Operations Research and Management Science}},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Heyman, D.P. and Sobel,M.J.},
  author = {Puterman, M. L.},
  volume = {2},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  owner = {Andres}
}

@BOOK{pute94,
  title = {Markov decision processes: discrete stochastic dynamic programming},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1994},
  author = {Puterman, M. L.},
  address = {New York}
}

@ARTICLE{pute78,
  author = {Puterman, M. L. and Shin, M. C.},
  title = {Modified policy iteration algorithms for discounted Markov decision
	problems},
  journal = {Management Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {1127--1137},
  number = {11},
  publisher = {INFORMS}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{pere.vanv.ea08,
  author = {P{\'e}rez, J. F. and {Van Velthoven}, J. and {Van Houdt}, B.},
  title = {{Q-MAM}: a tool for solving infinite queues using matrix-analytic
	methods},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Performance Evaluation
	Methodologies and Tools},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {16},
  organization = {ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications
	Engineering)},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{rama99,
  author = {Ramalhoto, M. F.},
  title = {The infinite server queue and heuristic approximations to the multi-serverqueue
	with and without retrials},
  journal = {Top},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {333--350},
  number = {2},
  note = {1st International Workshop on Retrial Queues (Madrid, 1998)},
  fjournal = {Top},
  issn = {1134-5764},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {1 737 653}
}

@ARTICLE{rama90,
  author = {Ramaswami, V.},
  title = {From the matrix-geometric to the matrix-exponential},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {229--260},
  number = {3},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {91k:60104},
  mrreviewer = {Pavel P. Bocharov}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{rein.krau.ea12,
  author = {Reinecke, P. and Krauss, T. and Wolter, K.},
  title = {Hyperstar: {P}hase-type fitting made easy},
  booktitle = {Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST), 2012 Ninth International
	Conference on},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {201--202},
  organization = {IEEE},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{risk.diev.ea04,
  author = {Riska, A. and Diev, V. and Smirni, E.},
  title = {An {EM}-based technique for approximating long-tailed data sets with
	{PH} distributions},
  journal = {Performance Evaluation},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {147-164},
  owner = {Juan Fernando Perez},
  timestamp = {2006.02.14}
}

@ARTICLE{risk.smir07,
  author = {Riska, A. and Smirni, E.},
  title = {{ETAQA} Solutions for Infinite Markov Processes with Repetitive Structure},
  journal = {INFORMS Journal on Computing},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {215-228},
  number = {2},
  abstract = {We describe the ETAQA (efficient technique for the solution of quasi
	birth-death processes) approach for the exact analysis of M/G/1 and
	GI/M/1-type processes, and their intersection, i.e., quasi birth-death
	processes. ETAQA exploits the repetitive structure of the infinite
	portion of the chain and derives a finite system of linear equations.
	In contrast to the classic techniques for solution of such systems,
	the solution of this finite linear system does not provide the entire
	probability distribution of the state space, but simply allows calculation
	of the aggregate probability of a finite set of classes of states
	from the state space, appropriately defined. Nonetheless, these aggregate
	probabilities allow for computation of a rich set of measures of
	interest such as the system queue length or any of its higher moments.
	The proposed solution approach is exact and, for the case of M/G/1-type
	processes, compares favorably to the classic methods as shown by
	detailed time and space complexity analysis. Detailed experimentation
	further corroborates that ETAQA provides significantly less expensive
	solutions when compared to the classic methods.},
  doi = {10.1287/ijoc.1050.0160},
  eprint = {http://joc.journal.informs.org/cgi/reprint/19/2/215.pdf},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26},
  url = {http://joc.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/2/215}
}

@INCOLLECTION{risk.smir02,
  author = {Riska, Alma and Smirni, Evgenia},
  title = {{MAM}solver: A matrix analytic methods tool},
  booktitle = {Computer Performance Evaluation: Modelling Techniques and Tools},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {205--211},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{rock.wets91,
  author = {Rockafellar, R. T. and Wets, Roger J.-B.},
  title = {Scenarios and policy aggregation in optimization under uncertainty},
  journal = {Math. Oper. Res.},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {119--147},
  number = {1},
  abstract = {To read},
  fjournal = {Mathematics of Operations Research},
  issn = {0364-765X},
  mrclass = {90C15 (49K45 90A05)},
  mrnumber = {92k:90058},
  mrreviewer = {Alexei Gaivoronski}
}

@ARTICLE{rolsk89,
  author = {Rolski, Tomasz},
  title = {Relationships between characteristics in periodic {P}oisson queues},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {17--26},
  number = {1},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {MR980420 (89k:60143)},
  mrreviewer = {Ralph L. Disney}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{ryll61,
  author = {Ryll-Nardzewski, C.},
  title = {Remarks on processes of calls},
  booktitle = {Proc. 4th Berkeley Symp. Math. Statist. Probab},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {455-466},
  owner = {German Ria{\~n}o},
  timestamp = {2006.02.11}
}

@ARTICLE{samu69,
  author = {P. A. Samuelson},
  title = {Lifetime portafolio selection by dynamic stochastic programming},
  journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {539-246},
  number = {3},
  month = {August}
}

@INCOLLECTION{schm.serf95,
  author = {Schmidt, Volker and Serfozo, Richard F.},
  title = {Campbell's formula and applications to queueing},
  booktitle = {Advances in queueing},
  publisher = {CRC},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {225--242},
  address = {Boca Raton, FL},
  mrclass = {60G55 (60G57 60K25 60K30)},
  mrnumber = {97h:60045},
  mrreviewer = {Masakiyo Miyazawa}
}

@ARTICLE{seng90,
  author = {Sengupta, Bhaskar},
  title = {The semi-{M}arkovian queue: theory and applications},
  journal = {Comm. Statist. Stochastic Models},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {383--413},
  number = {3},
  coden = {CSSME8},
  fjournal = {Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models},
  issn = {0882-0287},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {91m:60177},
  mrreviewer = {Peter Purdue}
}

@ARTICLE{seng89,
  author = {Sengupta, Bhaskar},
  title = {Markov processes whose steady state distribution is matrix-exponential
	withan application to the ${G}{I}/{P}{H}/1$ queue},
  journal = {Adv. in Appl. Probab.},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {159--180},
  number = {1},
  coden = {AAPBBD},
  fjournal = {Advances in Applied Probability},
  issn = {0001-8678},
  mrclass = {60K25 (90B22)},
  mrnumber = {90f:60169},
  mrreviewer = {Peter Purdue}
}

@BOOK{serf99,
  title = {Introduction to stochastic networks},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  author = {Serfozo, Richard},
  pages = {xiv+300},
  address = {New York},
  isbn = {0-387-98773-8},
  mrclass = {60K25 (60G55)},
  mrnumber = {2000k:60193},
  mrreviewer = {Volker Schmidt}
}

@ARTICLE{serf81,
  author = {Serfozo, Richard},
  title = {Optimal control of random walks, birth and death processes, and queues},
  journal = {Adv. in Appl. Probab.},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {61--83},
  number = {1},
  coden = {AAPBBD},
  fjournal = {Advances in Applied Probability},
  issn = {0001-8678},
  mrclass = {60K25 (60J15 60J80)},
  mrnumber = {82d:60187},
  mrreviewer = {Shaler Stidham, Jr.}
}

@ARTICLE{serf79,
  author = {Serfozo, R.},
  title = {An Equivalence Between Continuous and Discrete Time Markov Decision
	Processes},
  journal = {Operations Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {616-620}
}

@ARTICLE{serf94,
  author = {Serfozo, Richard F.},
  title = {Little laws for utility processes and waiting times in queues},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {137--181},
  number = {1-2},
  abstract = {to get},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {60K25},
  mrnumber = {95k:60243},
  mrreviewer = {Shaler Stidham, Jr.}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{silv.ea09,
  author = {Silva, D. F. and Amaya, C. and Riaño, G.},
  title = {Continuous-Time Models for Estimating Picker Blocking in Order-Picking-Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IIE Conference},
  year = {2009},
  abstract = {A frequent problem in manual order-picking-systems is congestion,
	we developed CTMC models to represent picker blocking in cases including
	pickers with different exponentially distributed picking times and
	k pickers, for narrow and wide aisle systems. The focus was not to
	produce an all-inclusive model, but to generate models that give
	designers insight of the system, allowing them to reduce the number
	of variables considered. We ran instances with various parameters
	and validated the models against simulation. We found stochastic
	speeds generate more blockage that deterministic ones, differences
	in pickers cause more congestion, systems with k pickers are more
	complex.},
  owner = {German},
  timestamp = {2010.05.16}
}

@MISC{smit07,
  author = {Smith, T},
  title = {{ZMDP} software for {POMDP} and {MDP} planning},
  year = {2007},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{spaa.vlass05,
  author = {Spaan, Matthijs TJ and Vlassis, Nikos A},
  title = {Perseus: Randomized point-based value iteration for POMDPs.},
  journal = {J. Artif. Intell. Res.(JAIR)},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {195--220},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@ARTICLE{stan.king.ea97,
  author = {Stanfield, Paul M. and King, Russell E. and Hodgson, Thom J.},
  title = {Multi-objective stochastic scheduling of job ready times},
  journal = {Ann. Oper. Res.},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {221--239},
  fjournal = {Annals of Operations Research},
  issn = {0254-5330},
  mrclass = {90B35},
  mrnumber = {1 456 801}
}

@INCOLLECTION{stid00,
  author = {Stidham Jr.,Shaler},
  title = {Optimal control of {M}arkov chains},
  booktitle = {Computational Probability},
  publisher = {Kluwer's International Series in Operations Research and Management
	Science},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Grassman, Winfried K. },
  address = {Massachusetts, USA}
}

@ARTICLE{subr.stid99,
  author = {J. Subramanian and S. {Stidham Jr}. and C. J. Lautenbacher},
  title = {Airline Yield Management with Overbooking, Cancellations, and No-Shows},
  journal = {Transportation Science},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {147-167},
  number = {2},
  month = {May}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{teic.flor10,
  author = {Teichteil-K{\"o}nigsbuch, F. and Kuter, U. and Infantes, G.},
  title = {Incremental plan aggregation for generating policies in MDPs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents
	and Multiagent Systems: volume 1-Volume 1},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1231--1238},
  organization = {International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}
}

@ARTICLE{tele.hein02,
  author = {Telek, M. and Heindl, A.},
  title = {Matching moments for acyclic discrete and continuous {P}hase-{T}ype
	distributions of second order.},
  journal = {I.{J}. of {S}imulation },
  year = {2002},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {47--57},
  number = {3--4}
}

@ARTICLE{thum.buch06,
  author = {Thummler, A. and Buchholz, P. and Telek, M.},
  title = {A novel approach for phase-type fitting with the {EM} algorithm},
  journal = {Dependable and Secure Computing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {245--258},
  number = {3},
  owner = {germanr},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{thum.buch.ea05,
  author = {Th{\"u}mmler, A. and Buchholz, P. and Telek, M.},
  title = {A novel approach for fitting probability distributions to real trace
	data with the {EM} algorithm},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems
	and Networks},
  year = {2005},
  owner = {Juan Fernando Perez},
  timestamp = {2006.02.14}
}

@BOOK{vera.poti84,
  title = {{QNAP} 2: A portable environment for queueing systems modelling},
  publisher = {Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique},
  year = {1984},
  author = {V{\'e}ran, Michel and Potier, Dominique and others},
  owner = {germanr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.26}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{wang.ea96,
  author = {Wei-Ping Wang and David Tipper and Sujata Banerjee},
  title = {A simple approximation for modeling nonstationary queues},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {255-262},
  url = {citeseer.csail.mit.edu/wang96simple.html}
}

@ARTICLE{whit00,
  author = {Whitt, Ward},
  title = {The impact of a heavy-tailed service-time distribution upon the ${M}/{G}{I}/s$waiting-time
	distribution},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {71--87},
  number = {1-3},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {60K25},
  mrnumber = {2001k:60138},
  mrreviewer = {Volker Schmidt}
}

@ARTICLE{whit95,
  author = {Whitt, Ward},
  title = {Variability functions for parametric-decomposition approximations
	of queueing networks},
  journal = MNSC,
  year = {1995},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {1704--1715}
}

@ARTICLE{whit92,
  author = {Whitt, Ward},
  title = {Correction note on ${L}=\lambda {W}$. {C}orrection to: ``{A} review
	of ${L}=\lambda{W}$ and extensions'' [{Q}ueueing {S}ystems {T}heory
	{A}ppl.\ {\bf 9} (1991),no.\ 3, 235--268; {M}{R} 93e:60190]},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {431--432},
  number = {3-4},
  abstract = {to get},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {60K25},
  mrnumber = {94a:60131}
}

@ARTICLE{whit91,
  author = {Whitt, Ward},
  title = {A review of ${L}=\lambda {W}$ and extensions},
  journal = {Queueing Systems Theory Appl.},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {235--268},
  number = {3},
  abstract = {to get},
  fjournal = {Queueing Systems. Theory and Applications},
  issn = {0257-0130},
  mrclass = {60K25},
  mrnumber = {93e:60190},
  mrreviewer = {Shaler Stidham, Jr.}
}

@ARTICLE{whit83,
  author = {Whitt, Ward},
  title = {The queueing network analyzer},
  journal = {Bell Sys. Tech. J.},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {2779--2815}
}

@ARTICLE{whit79,
  author = {Ward Whitt},
  title = {Approximations of dynamic programs, {II}},
  journal = {Mathematics of Operations Research},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {179-185},
  number = {2},
  month = {May},
  abstract = {This paper extends a procedure for approcimating dynamic programs
	due to Fox (1971). Here, the monotone contraction operator model
	of Denardo (1967) is approximated by replacing the state space with
	a subset and defining two approximate local income functions so that
	the two associated approximate optimal return functions serbe as
	lower and upper bounds for the optimal return function in the original
	model. Conditions are also given implying convergence of a sequence
	of approximate optimal return functions to the optimal return function
	in the original model.}
}

@ARTICLE{whit85,
  author = {Whittle, Peter},
  title = {Scheduling and characterization problems for stochastic networks},
  journal = {J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {407--415, 415--428},
  number = {3},
  note = {With discussion},
  abstract = {To read},
  coden = {JSTBAJ},
  fjournal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B. Methodological},
  issn = {0035-9246},
  mrclass = {60K25 (68M20 90B15 90B22)},
  mrnumber = {87m:60212c},
  mrreviewer = {O. J. Boxma}
}

@MANUAL{ram13,
  title = {{RAM} Commander, Version 8.3},
  organization = {Advanced Logistic Department},
  month = {January},
  year = {2013},
  timestamp = {2013.07.15},
  url = {http://aldservice.com/en/reliability-products/markov.html}
}

@MANUAL{item11,
  title = {ITEM TOOLKIT, Version 7},
  organization = {ITEM Software (USA) Inc.},
  year = {2011},
  owner = {ITEM Software (USA) Inc.},
  timestamp = {2013.07.15},
  url = {http://www.itemuk.com/assets/docs/ToolKit_Manual.pdf}
}

@comment{jabref-meta: selector_author:mass.whit93;}

