@Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty"}
@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
University of Utah,
Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
155 S 1400 E RM 233,
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
\path|beebe@acm.org|,
\path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}
@String{j-TOOIS = "ACM Transactions on Office Information
Systems"}
@String{pub-ACM = "ACM Press"}
@String{pub-ACM:adr = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}
@Article{Limb:1983:EI,
author = "J. O. Limb",
title = "{Editor}'s Introduction",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "1--2",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Purvy:1983:DSR,
author = "R. Purvy and J. Farrell and P. Klose",
title = "The Design of {Star}'s Records Processing",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "3--24",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Xerox's Star Professional Workstation is distinguished
by a graphic user interface committed to the
``what-you-see-is-what-you-get'' design philosophy. The
system promotes a see\slash point\slash push-a-button
style of interaction with immediate feedback, in marked
contrast to more familiar programming or command
language interfaces. Star's records processing feature
integrates traditional data processing functionality
into this user model, using standard Star documents for
data definition, entry, display, update, and report
generation. Benefits include an economy of concepts and
effort for user and implementor alike, along with the
synergy of a unified environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "description languages (DDL); Human factors;
manipulation (DML); Models; Office automation;
principles; Professional workstations; Query Report
writers; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Bailey:1983:OMI,
author = "A. D. Bailey and J. H. Gerlach and R. P. McAfee and A.
B. Whinston",
title = "An {OIS} Model for Internal Accounting Control
Evaluation",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "25--44",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Internal control is an important aspect of accounting
office systems. The implementation and maintenance of a
control structure which protects corporate assets from
theft, misuse, and fraud and permits the preparation of
accurate and reliable financial reports is a result of
both good business practice and legal requirements.
This article presents a precedence model for specifying
accounting office systems. Formal analysis procedures
are formulated for evaluating the internal controls of
the modeled system. The procedures establish
precondition and postcondition relationships between
designated control points.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Administrative data processing; Business; Computer
applications; Computer audit and control; Financial;
Inf. systems application; Internal accounting control;
Management; Management audit; Management of computing
and information systems; Office automation; System
management",
}
@Article{Barber:1983:SOP,
author = "G. Barber",
title = "Supporting Organizational Problem Solving with a Work
Station",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "45--67",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "An approach to supporting work in the office is
described. Using and extending ideas from the field of
artificial intelligence (AI) we describe office work as
a problem-solving activity. A knowledge-embedding
language called OMEGA is used to embed knowledge of the
organization into an office worker's work station in
order to support the office worker in problem solving.
A particular approach to reasoning about change and
contradiction is discussed. This approach uses OMEGA's
viewpoint mechanism, which is a general
contradiction-handing facility. Unlike other knowledge
representation systems, when a contradiction is reached
the reasons for the contradiction can be analyzed by
the deduction mechanism without having to resort to
search mechanisms such as a backtracking. The viewpoint
mechanism is the heart of the problem-solving support
paradigm, a paradigm which supplements the classical AI
view of problem solving. An example is presented in
which OMEGA's facilities are used to support an office
worker's problem-solving activities. The example
illustrates the use of viewpoints and of OMEGA's
capabilities to reason about its own reasoning
processes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Design; Inf. networks; Inf. storage and
retrieval; Information systems applications; Knowledge
representation formalisms and methods; Languages;
Office automation; Semantic networks; Sys. and
software",
}
@Article{Srihari:1983:IDK,
author = "S. N. Srihari and J. J. Hull and R. Choudhari",
title = "Integrating Diverse Knowledge Sources in Text
Recognition",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "68--87",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A new algorithm for text recognition that corrects
character substitution errors in words of text is
presented. The search for a correct word effectively
integrates three knowledge sources: channel
characteristics, bottom-up context, and top-down
context. Channel characteristics are used in the form
of probabilities that observed letters are corruptions
of other letters; bottom-up context is in the form of
the probability of a letter when the previous letters
of the word are known; and top-down context is in the
form of a lexicon. A one-pass algorithm is obtained by
merging a previously known dynamic programming
algorithm to compute the maximum a posteriori
probability string (known as the Viterbi algorithm)
with searching a lexical trie. Analysis of the
computational complexity of the algorithm and results
of experimentation with a PASCAL implementation are
presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "algorithms; Algorithms; Applications; Artificial
intelligence; Control methods and search; Dynamic
programming; experimentation; Graph and tree search
strategies; Knowledge integration; Office automation;
Pattern recognition; Problem solving; Spelling; Text
editing; Text processing; Theory; theory; TOOIS TOIS
Inf. systems applications; Word processing",
review = "ACM CR 40355",
subject = "H.4.1 Information Systems, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS, Office Automation, Word processing \\
I.2.8 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search, Dynamic
programming \\ I.2.8 Computing Methodologies,
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Problem Solving, Control
Methods, and Search, Graph and tree search strategies
\\ I.5.4 Computing Methodologies, PATTERN RECOGNITION,
Applications, Text processing \\ I.7.1 Computing
Methodologies, TEXT PROCESSING, Text Editing,
Spelling",
}
@Article{Tsichritzis:1983:MF,
author = "D. Tsichritzis and S. Christodoulakis",
title = "Message Files",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "88--98",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "We describe a message-filing capability which allows
for the retrieval of messages according to contents.
Messages are organized in large, general files such
that frequent reorganization is avoided. The user
specifies a filter which restricts the attention to a
manageable subset of messages. Messages within the
subset are retrieved for a final check. We discuss file
organization and access method, as well as performance
and implementation considerations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Abstracting methods; Access methods; Communications
applications; Computer systems organization; Content
analysis and indexing; Control structures and
microprogramming; Database management; Design;
Electronic mail; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Microcode
applications; Modeling techniques; Performance;
Performance of systems; Physical design; Special
purpose",
}
@Article{Malone:1983:HDP,
author = "T. W. Malone",
title = "How Do People Organize Their Desks? {Implications} for
the Design of Office Information Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "1",
pages = "99--112",
month = jan,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper describes a series of interviews focusing
on the way professional and clerical office workers
organize the information in their desks and offices. A
number of implications for designing ``natural'' and
convenient computer-based information systems are
discussed. Two principal claims are made: (1) A very
important function of desk organization is to remind
the user of things to do, not just to help the user
find desired information. Failing to support this
function may seriously impair the usefulness of
electronic office systems, and explicitly facilitating
it may provide an important advantage for automated
office systems over their nonautomated predecessors.
(2) The cognitive difficulty of categorizing
information is an important factor in explaining how
people organize their desks. Computer-based systems may
help with this difficulty by (a) doing as much
automatic classification as possible (e.g., based on
access dates), and (b) including untitled ``piles'' of
information arranged by physical location as well as
explicitly titled and logically arranged ``files.''
Several other implications for the design of electronic
office systems are discussed, and some differences in
how people organize their desks are described.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Nutt:1983:EDM,
author = "G. J. Nutt",
title = "An Experimental Distributed Modeling System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "117--142",
month = apr,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Computer systems will increasingly rely on distributed
components in order to increase performance while
providing autonomous computing facilities. This
evolution implies that a corresponding advance must
take place in the state of the art of system analysis
and evaluation. This paper describes an experimental
modeling system developed to study distributed office
information systems. The modeling system is unusual in
that the simulation component is itself a distributed
program. Support facilities and the organization of the
simulator are presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communications applications; Communications
management; Distributed programming office modeling;
Information systems applications; Miscellaneous; Office
automation; Operating systems; Organization and design;
Simulation; Software engineering",
}
@Article{Stonebraker:1983:DPR,
author = "M. Stonebraker and H. Stettner and N. Lynn and J.
Kalash and A. Guttman",
title = "Document Processing in a Relational Database System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "143--158",
month = apr,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper contains a proposal to enhance a relational
database manager to support document processing.
Basically, it suggests support for data items that are
variable-length strings, support for ordered relations,
support for substring operations, and support for new
operators that concatenate and break apart string
fields.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Database management; Document processing; Document
storage; Extended query languages; File organization;
Inf. storage and retrieval; Information storage;
Information systems applications; Languages; Office
automation; Query languages; Word processing",
}
@Article{Allen:1983:DCL,
author = "R. B. Allen and M. W. Scerbo",
title = "Details of Command-Language Keystrokes",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "159--178",
month = apr,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The Keystroke-Level Model asserts that the time for an
expert to enter a task using a command language is a
function of specific task-acquisition, mental, and
motor-response times. The evidence for the model is
critically reviewed, and new data are presented. The
fit of the new data to the model is modest even when
several modifications of the model are considered. It
is proposed that a more complex model, based explicitly
on cognitive processes, is necessary.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Cognitive psychology; Command and control languages;
Human factors; Human information processing;
Information systems applications; Models and
principles; Office automation; Operating systems; Sys.
programs and utilities; Text editing; Text processing;
User interface; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Brotz:1983:MSM,
author = "D. K. Brotz",
title = "Message System Mores: Etiquette in {Laurel}",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "2",
pages = "179--192",
month = apr,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Electronic message systems provide a new mode of
communication that currently lacks an accepted set of
social protocols. On the basis of observations of user
behavior in Laurel, a widely used electronic message
system, several suggestions for message system
etiquette are given. Topics covered include
misaddressed messages, rudeness, message system costs,
unsolicited messages, chain reactions, and
masquerading.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communication; Communications applications;
Computer-communication networks; Computers and society;
Electronic mail; Electronic message system; Etiquette;
Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Manners;
Miscellaneous; Social issues",
}
@Article{Israel:1983:AOS,
author = "J. E. Israel and T. A. Linden",
title = "Authentication in Office System Internetworks",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "193--210",
month = jul,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "In a distributed office system, authentication data
(such as password) must be managed in such a way that
users and machines from different organizations can
easily authenticate themselves to each other. The
authentication facility must be secure, but user
convenience, decentralized administration, and a
capability for smooth, long-term evolution are also
important. In addition, the authentication arrangements
must not permit failures at a single node to cause
systemwide down time. The design used in the Xerox 8000
Series products is described. This design anticipates
applications in an open-network architecture where
there are nodes from diverse sources and one node does
not trust authentication checking done by other nodes.
Furthermore, in some offices encryption will be
required to authenticate data transmissions despite
hostile intruders on the network. Requirements and
design constraints when applying encryption for
authentication in office systems are discussed. It is
suggested that protocol standards for use in office
systems should allow unencrypted authentication as well
as two options for encrypted authentication. Issues
that will arise as an office system evolves to deal
with increasingly sophisticated threats from users of
the system are described.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Authentication; Computer-communication networks; Data
encryption; Data encryption standard (DES);
Decentralized systems; Distributed systems; Ethernet;
General; Heterogeneous systems; Information systems
applications; Internetworks; Network architecture and
design; Network communications; Network protocols;
Office automation; Open architecture; Protocol
architecture; Security; Security and protection;
Standardization",
}
@Article{Smith:1983:PDE,
author = "S. A. Smith and R. I. Benjamin",
title = "Projecting Demand for Electronic Communications in
Automated Offices",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "211--229",
month = jul,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The large projected growth in the use of office
information systems over the next ten years will in
turn significantly increase the demand for electronic
communications in offices. Projections for this demand
on a per employee basis are developed, based on assumed
office automation scenarios and case-study observations
of current activity levels. Implications for
communications systems design are discussed. The
results are also compared with observed communications
traffic in an existing automated office environment.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communications applications; Communications systems;
Economics; Electronic mail; Inf. systems applications;
Measurement; Office automation; Performance",
}
@Article{Oppen:1983:CDA,
author = "D. C. Oppen and Y. K. Dalal",
title = "The Clearinghouse: {A} Decentralized Agent for
Locating Named Objects in a Distributed Environment",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "230--253",
month = jul,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The problem of naming and locating objects in a
distributed environment is considered, and the
clearinghouse, a decentralized agent for supporting the
naming of these ``network-visible'' objects, is
described. The objects ``known'' to the clearinghouse
are of many types and include workstations, file
servers, print servers, mail servers, clearinghouse
servers, and human user. All objects known to the
clearinghouse are named using the same convention, and
the clearinghouse provides information about objects in
a uniform fashion, regardless of their type. The
clearinghouse also supports aliases. The clearinghouse
binds a name to a set of properties of various types.
For instance, the name of a user may be associated with
the location of his local workstation, mailbox, and
nonlocation information such as password and comments.
The clearinghouse is decentralized and replicated. That
is, instead of one global clearinghouse server, there
are many local clearinghouse servers, each storing a
copy of a portion of the global database. The totality
of services supplied by these clearinghouse servers is
called ``the clearinghouse.'' Decentralization and
replication increase efficiency, security, and
reliability. A request to the clearinghouse to bind a
name to its set of properties may originate anywhere in
the system and be directed to any clearinghouse server.
A clearinghouse client need not be concerned with the
question of which clearinghouse server actually
contains the binding -- the clearinghouse stub in the
client in conjunction with distributed clearinghouse
servers automatically finds the mapping if it exists.
Updates to the various copies of a mapping may occur
asynchronously and be interleaved with requests for
bindings of names to properties; updates to the various
copies are not treated as indivisible transactions. Any
resulting inconsistency between the various copies is
only transient: the clearinghouse automatically
arbitrates between conflicting updates to restore
consistency.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Binding; Clearinghouse; Communications applications;
Computer-communication networks; Data models; Database
management; Design; Distributed databases; Distributed
systems; Electronic mail; Information search and
retrieval; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Internetwork;
Locations; Logical design; Names; Network management;
Network operating systems; Network operations;
Network-visible objects; Search processes",
}
@Article{Mack:1983:LUW,
author = "R. L. Mack and C. H. Lewis and J. M. Carroll",
title = "Learning to Use Word Processors: Problems and
Prospects",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "254--271",
month = jul,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Computer text editors are powerful, but complex,
tools. Particularly in the early stages of learning,
the complexity of these tools can cause serious
problems for users who are not experienced with
computers. The problems of new users were studied by
asking the users to think out loud while learning to
use word-processing systems. In this paper several of
the most typical and debilitating problems these users
had understanding and following directions in using
training manuals, as well as problems understanding and
using interface functions to accomplish word processing
tasks, are taxonomized and analyzed. Approaches for
improving design features of the interface functions
and the training methods used for learning are
discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Analogies; Artificial intelligence; Behavioral
science; Cognitive psychology; Concept learning;
Equipment; Human factors; Human information processing;
Human-computer interface; Information systems
applications; Instruction; Learning; Models and
principles; Novices; Office automation; Protocol
methodology; Text editors; User/machine systems; Word
processing",
}
@Article{Gould:1983:HFC,
author = "J. D. Gould and S. J. Boies",
title = "Human Factors Challenges In Creating a Principal
Support Office System --- The Speech Filing System
Approach",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "4",
pages = "273--298",
month = oct,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper identifies the key behavioral challenges in
designing a principal-office system and our approaches
to them. These challenges included designing a system
which office principals would find useful and would
directly use themselves. Ultimately, the system, called
the Speech Filing System (SFS), became primarily a
voice store and forward message system with which users
compose, edit, send, and receive audio messages, using
telephones as terminals. Our approaches included
behavioral analyses of principals' needs and
irritations, controlled laboratory experiments, several
years of training, observing, and interviewing hundreds
of actual SFS users, several years of demonstrating SFS
to thousands of potential users and receiving feedback,
empirical studies of alternative methods of training
and documentation, continual major modifications of the
user interface, simulations of alternative user
interfaces, and actual SFS usage analyses. The results
indicate that SFS is now relatively easy to learn,
solves real business problems, and leads to user
satisfaction.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communications applications; Human factors; Inf.
systems applications; Information systems applications;
Models and principles; Office automation; Office of the
future; Principal support system; User/machine
systems",
}
@Article{Gibbs:1983:DMA,
author = "S. Gibbs and D. Tsichritzis",
title = "A Data Modeling Approach for Office Information
Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "4",
pages = "299--319",
month = oct,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A data model for representing the structure and
semantics of office objects is proposed. The model
contains features for modeling forms, documents, and
other complex objects; these features include a
constraint mechanism based on triggers, templates for
presenting objects in different media, and unformatted
data types such as text and audio. The representation
of common office objects is described. User-level
commands may be translated to operations within the
model.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Data models; Database management; Design; Human
information processing; Information systems
applications; Logical design; Models and principles;
Office automation; Templates; Unformatted data;
User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Suchman:1983:OPP,
author = "L. A. Suchman",
title = "Office Procedure as Practical Action: Models of Work
and System Design",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "1",
number = "4",
pages = "320--328",
month = oct,
year = "1983",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The design of office technology relies upon underlying
conceptions of human organization and action. The goal
of building office information systems requires a
representation of office work and its relevant objects.
The concern of this paper is that although system
designers recognize the centrality of procedural tasks
in the office, they tend to ignore the actual work
involved in accomplishing those tasks. A perspicuous
instance of work in an accounting office is used to
recommend a new line of research into the practical
problems of office work, and to suggest preliminary
implications of that research for office systems
design.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Design; General; Human factors; Human information
processing; Models and principles; Models of work;
Office procedure; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Ballard:1984:LTK,
author = "B. W. Ballard and J. C. Lusth and N. L. Tinkham",
title = "{LDC-1}: {A} Transportable, Knowledge-Based Natural
Language Processor for Office Environments",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "1--25",
month = jan,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "During the 1970s, a number of systems providing
limited English-language processing capabilities were
developed to permit computer access be casual or
untrained users. Our interest is in adapting and
extending techniques developed for these systems,
especially those used in database query systems and our
own English-language programming language system (NLC),
for use in office environments. This paper describes
the Layered Domain Class system (LDC), a
state-of-the-art natural language processor whose major
goals are (1) to provide English-language retrieval
capabilities for medium-sized office domains that have
been stored on the computer as text-edited files, as
oppose to more restrictive database structures; and (2)
to eliminate the need to call in the system designer
when extensions into new domains are desired, without
sacrificing the depth or reliability of the interface.
In this paper we (a) provide an overview of LDC,
including sample inputs; (b) briefly discuss the role
of each module of the system, with special attention to
provisions for users to adapt the system to deal with
new types of data; and (c) consider the relation of our
system to other formal and natural language interfaces
that are in use or under development.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Database management;
Deduction and theorem proving; Distribution and
maintenance; Extensibility; Human factors; Information
search and retrieval; Information storage and
retrieval; Information systems applications; Knowledge
acquisition; Language parsing and understanding;
Languages; Natural language processing; Office
automation; Query formulation; Query languages;
Restructuring; Software engineering",
}
@Article{Kelley:1984:IDM,
author = "J. F. Kelley",
title = "An Iterative Design Methodology for User-Friendly
Natural Language Office Information Applications",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "26--41",
month = jan,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A six-step, iterative, empirical human factors design
methodology was used to develop CAL, a natural language
computer application to help computer-naive business
professionals manage their personal calendars. Input
language is processed by a simple, nonparsing algorithm
with limited storage requirements and a quick response
time. CAL allows unconstrained English inputs from
users with no training (except for a five minute
introduction to the keyboard and display) and no manual
(except for a two-page overview of the system). In a
controlled test of performance, CAL correctly responded
to between 86 percent and 97 percent of the storage and
retrieval requests it received, according to various
criteria. This level of performance could never have
been achieved with such a simple processing model were
it not for the empirical approach used in the
development of the program and its dictionaries. The
tools of the engineering psychologist are clearly
invaluable in the development of user-friendly
software, if that software is to accommodate the unruly
language of computer-naive, first-time users. The key
is to elicit the cooperation of such users as partners
in an iterative, empirical development process.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications; Applications and expert systems;
Artificial intelligence; Discretionary user;
Ease-of-use; Empirical grammar; Engineering psychology;
Experimentation; Human factors; Iterative design;
Language parsing and understanding; Limited context;
Management of computing and information systems; Models
and principles; Naive user; Natural language; Natural
language interfaces; Natural language processing;
Simulation; Simulation and modeling; Software; Software
development; Software management; Software psychology;
Task analysis; User-friendly; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Hanson:1984:IDM,
author = "S. J. Hanson and R. E. Kraut and J. M. Farber",
title = "Interface Design and Multivariate Analysis of {UNIX}
Command Use",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "42--57",
month = jan,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "To understand how people interact with powerful
computer systems, we analyzed, using several
multivariate statistical analyses, the commands people
use and the errors they made when performing office
work with the UNIX operating system. The frequency of
use across commands was very uneven. User's most
frequent commands were those that performed
editing-like functions on text and other objects (e.g.,
UNIX directories), those that returned orienting
information to users, and those that helped to control
and sequence other commands. People made mistakes
frequently, and made them most, when they needed
information about the command and file context in which
they were working, and when they had to plan long
sequences of commands without feedback. From these
analyses we make several recommendations for a
human-computer interface.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Command and control languages; Command languages;
Experimentation; Human computer interactions; Human
factors; Human information processing; Human-computer
interaction; Information systems applications;
Man-machine interface; Measurement; Models and
principles; Office automation; Operating systems; Sys.
programs and utilities; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Tsichritzis:1984:MAS,
author = "D. Tsichritzis",
title = "Message Addressing Schemes",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "58--77",
month = jan,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper defines and investigates different
addressing schemes which can be used to route messages
in mail systems. An analysis of finite state addressing
schemes is carried out, and an illustrative example is
given.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Active messages; Communications applications; Computer
communication networks; Database and message systems;
Electronic mail; Electronic mail routing; Inf. systems
applications; Message systems; Miscellaneous",
}
@Article{Terry:1984:CCS,
author = "D. B. Terry and S. Andler",
title = "The {COSIE} Communication Subsystem: Support for
Distributed Office Applications",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "79--95",
month = apr,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Contemporary distributed office systems rely heavily
on communication between workstation, file servers,
printers, and other computerized components. The COSIE
Communication Subsystem has been developed for an
office system internetwork consisting of local networks
of varying technologies. The communication facilities
provide for the transmission of self-contained messages
to mailboxes, which are referenced by capabilities and
may be shared. A generalized method for pairing
requests with responses supports a variety of
communication paradigms, while a flexible routing
algorithm permits diverse network topologies. The main
emphasis in the design of the COSIE Communication
Subsystem was on presenting simple mechanisms that
allow more general policies and protocols to be
explored.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications; Applications and expert systems;
Artificial intelligence; Discretionary user;
Ease-of-use; Empirical grammar; Engineering psychology;
Experimentation; Human factors; Iterative design;
Language parsing and understanding; Limited context;
Management of computing and information systems; Models
and principles; Naive user; Natural language; Natural
language interfaces; Natural language processing;
Simulation; Simulation and modeling; Software; Software
development; Software management; Software psychology;
Task analysis; User-friendly; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Lyngbaek:1984:OMD,
author = "P. Lyngbaek and D. McLeod",
title = "Object Management in Distributed Information Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "96--122",
month = apr,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A simple model for object sharing in distributed
office information systems is described. The model
provides a small set of operators for object
definition, manipulation, and retrieval in a
distributed environment, modeled as a logical network
of workstations. Relationships among objects can be
established across work station boundaries, objects are
relocatable within the distributed environment, and
mechanisms are provided for access control and the
dynamic sharing of objects among individual work
stations. An object naming convention supports
location-transparent object references; that is,
objects can be referenced by user-defined names rather
than by addresses. The primitive operations introduced
can be used as the basis for the specification and
stepwise development of office information models and
systems of increasing complexity. An experimental
prototype implementation of the distributed object
sharing model is described.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Data models; Database management; Design; Distributed
office information management; Distributed systems;
Information systems applications; Logical design;
Nameservers; Office automation; Office information
systems; Semantic data modeling; Systems",
}
@Article{Trauth:1984:CSE,
author = "E. M. Trauth and S. K. Kwan",
title = "Channel Selection and Effective Communication for
Managerial Decision Making",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "123--140",
month = apr,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "New office technologies provide a range of
alternatives to traditional channels for corporate
communications. This paper explores the effectiveness
of print, electronic messaging, and videotape along
both objective and subjective dimensions. While
electronic messaging and videotape were not found to
improve significantly over print either the recall of
information or the quality of decisions made based on
it, some interesting patterns were observed. The use of
electronic messaging resulted in improved recall of
information. Videotape tended toward the extremes: It
was either the most or the least effective in
disseminating information for learning. Subjects'
attitudes about the influence of each channel on the
quality of information were contrasted with the
disposition toward use. In general, subjects had
positive attitudes toward both electronic messaging and
videotape. When asked about the likelihood of choosing
a particular channel, given emphasis on certain
information attributes, however, subjects consistently
preferred print. These results suggest that both the
communication context and user preconceptions must be
taken into account when planning for the introduction
of new technologies.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communications applications; Computers and society;
Electronic mail; Electronic messaging; Evaluating
communication channels; Experimentation; General; Inf.
systems; Inf. systems applications; Information
attributes; Information systems applications;
Management; Measurement; Office automation;
Organizational impacts; Performance; Print; User study;
Video technology",
}
@Article{Culnan:1984:DAO,
author = "M. J. Culnan",
title = "The Dimensions of Accessibility to Online Information:
Implications for Implementing Office Information
Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "141--150",
month = apr,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Prior research has found a positive correlation
between the perceived accessibility of information and
information use. The underlying dimensions of
information accessibility, however, have not been
investigated empirically. The present field study
measures end-user perceptions of three online
information retrieval systems and one electronic mail
system. User ratings of the four systems are collected
and factor-analyzed. The results suggest that (1)
physical access to a terminal and access to the actual
information system are independent dimensions, (2) that
accessibility is a multidimensional concept
encompassing physical access to a terminal and the
system, the command language, and the ability to
retrieve the desired information successfully, and (3)
that perceptions of accessibility are a function of
prior user experience with online systems. In order to
facilitate the acceptance of office information
systems, organizations need to provide extensive
support and training when the system is introduced, as
well as ready physical access to the system over the
course of its useful life.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Accessibility; Communications applications; End-user
computing; Human factors; Implementation strategies;
Inf. storage and retrieval; Information systems
applications; Management; Online information services",
}
@Article{Bracchi:1984:DRO,
author = "G. Bracchi and B. Pernici",
title = "The Design Requirements of Office Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "2",
pages = "151--170",
month = apr,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The original characteristics of an office information
system, when compared to a conventional information
system, imply the need for developing new design
methodologies and models, or for substantially changing
existing design approaches. In this paper the relevant
features of office information systems are outlined and
some existing office methodologies and models are
classified and evaluated. Particular emphasis is given
to the early phases of the design process, commonly
called ``conceptual'' or ``logical'' design phases. The
basic requirements for conceptual design methodologies
in the office environment are derived from the analysis
and evaluation of existing design approaches.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Design; Documentation; Inf. systems applications;
Models and principles; Office automation; Office
modeling; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Ellis:1984:EIO,
author = "C. Ellis",
title = "{Editor}'s Introduction to the Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "171--172",
month = jul,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "We need a Theory of the Office, encompassing ideas
from fields as diverse as organizational design, CS,
ergonomics, operations research, and communications.
Notions conveyed within this issue of the ACM Trans. on
Office Information Systems (TOOIS) may be able to
contribute to such a theory. Persons wanting to become
knowledgeable in this field today must rely on lengthy,
agonizing-frequently incomplete and
deceiving-experience; which, even a partial theory of
the office would alleviate. A theory would also be
valuable to the large numbers of people who would like
to judge, fit, and size office automation for their
organizations. Finally, the office systems area has
been scorned within some universities and university
departments as not being a valid academic area in which
to work and publish. I believe that a solid and
utilitarian theory of the office would encourage many
theoretical researchers to work on some exciting and
useful office topics. The need exists, and it appears
that the time is right. TOOIS welcomes such work to its
pages.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "TOOIS TOIS",
}
@Article{Ahlsen:1984:AOM,
author = "M. Ahlsen and A. Bjornerstedt and S. Britts and C.
Hulten and L. Soderlund",
title = "An Architecture for Object Management in {OIS}",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "173--196",
month = jul,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The design of an office information system (OIS)
application development environment prototype, OPAL, is
outlined. OPAL is based on an object management
approach. The central concept is the packet, which is
the principal data and action structuring device. The
main ideas in OPAL are described, including novel data
types, partitioned work spaces, object version
management, multiple property inheritance, and
incremental application development. A scheme for
naming objects is proposed and discussed. There are
basically two large advantages to such a scheme -- a
very practical shorthand for referring to objects and a
means for structuring information according to criteria
not represented in the objects themselves. The latter
property also supports viewing objects in different
roles. Furthermore, the scheme is used to structure the
whole object management system.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Application development tools; Data models; Data types
and structures; Database management; Design;
Information systems applications; Language constructs;
Languages; Logical design; Object databases; Object
programming; Office automation; OIS; Query languages;
Soederlund TOOIS TOIS Programming languages",
}
@Article{Croft:1984:TSO,
author = "W. B. Croft and L. S. Lefkowitz",
title = "Task Support In an Office System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "197--212",
month = jul,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A major goal of an office system is to support tasks
that are central to office functions. Some office tasks
are readily implemented with generic office tools, such
as calendars, forms packages, and mail. Many tasks,
however, involve complex sequences of actions which do
not all correspond to tool invocations but, instead,
rely on the problem-solving abilities of office
workers. In this paper we describe a system (POISE)
that can be used to both automate routine tasks and
provide assistance in more complex situations. The type
of assistance provided can range from maintaining a
record of the tasks currently being executed to
suggesting possible next steps and answering natural
language queries about the tasks. The POISE system uses
both a procedure-based and a goal-based representation
of the tasks to achieve efficiency and flexibility. The
mechanisms used by POISE are described with example
procedures from a university office.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Decision support; Design; Inf. systems
applications; Knowledge representation formalisms and
methods; Management; Natural language; Office
automation; Problem-solving; Representations
(procedural and rule-based); Tools; Types of systems",
}
@Article{Radicati:1984:MTI,
author = "S. Radicati",
title = "Managing Transient Internetwork Links in the {Xerox
Internet}",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "213--225",
month = jul,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The Xerox Research Internet has been in operation for
over a decade, and includes as many as 200
geographically-dispersed Ethernet local area networks.
As Internets grow, it becomes unrealistic for both
practical and economic reasons to expect them to be
fully interconnected at all times. This paper presents
an approach to the management of transient internetwork
communication links in a datagram-based architecture,
such as the Xerox Network Systems architecture. The
major novelty lies in the idea of allowing high-level
application programs to dynamically alter the internet
topology, without the need for end users to be
involved, or even to be aware of what is happening.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Computer communication networks; Design;
Internetworking; Network architecture and design;
Network communications; Network topology; NS
architecture; X.25",
}
@Article{Panko:1984:OAN,
author = "R. R. Panko",
title = "38 Offices: Analyzing Needs in Individual Offices",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "226--234",
month = jul,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "There are growing pressures in the office automation
field to develop methodologies to determine the needs
of individual offices. An exploratory study of two
techniques, a 1983 version of MIT's Office Analysis
Methodology and the Strategic Approach, is presented.
The study suggests the need to extend the Type I/Type
II typology of offices, previously suggested by this
author and by Sprague [15]. It also determined that
managers find fairly radical innovation extremely
difficult to visualize.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Business; Design; Economics; Inf. systems
applications; Management; Management of computing and
information systems; Methodology; Office automation;
Project and people management; Systems analysis and
design; Taxonomy",
}
@Article{Yao:1984:FOF,
author = "S. B. Yao and A. R. Hevner and Z. Shi and D. Luo",
title = "{FORMANAGER}: An Office Forms Management System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "3",
pages = "235--262",
month = jul,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The form has become an important abstraction for data
management in an office application environment.
Structured office forms present data to users in an
easily understood and easily manipulated manner. In
this paper we classify forms systems in terms of three
dimensions: data structuring, user interfaces, and
programming interfaces. Current forms systems are
analyzed under these dimensions. We have designed a
comprehensive forms management system, FORMANAGER, that
includes facilities for form specification, form
processing, and form control. The system transforms
data from a relational database into a hierarchical
data structure which defines the form. The design and
algorithms for implementation of the system are
described, and future extensions to enhance the
capabilities of forms systems are proposed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Database management; Design; Forms management; Inf.
systems applications; Office automation; Query
processing; Relational database systems; Systems",
}
@Article{Faloutsos:1984:SFA,
author = "C. Faloutsos and S. Christodoulakis",
title = "Signature Files: An Access Method for Documents and
Its Analytical Performance Evaluation",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "267--288",
month = oct,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The signature-file access method for text retrieval is
studied. According to this method, documents are stored
sequentially in the ``text file.'' Abstractions
(``signatures'') of the documents are stored in the
``signature file.'' The latter serves as a filter on
retrieval: It helps in discarding a large number of
nonqualifying documents. In this paper two methods for
creating signatures are studied analytically, one based
on word signatures and the other on superimposed
coding. Closed-form formulas are derived for the
false-drop probability of the two methods, factors that
affect it are studied, and performance comparisons of
the two methods based on these formulas are provided.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Access methods; Database management; Design; Document
retrieval; Inf. storage and retrieval; Information
retrieval; Information systems applications; Library
automation; Office automation; Performance; Physical
design; Signature file; Superimposed coding; Text
editing; Text processing; Text retrieval",
}
@Article{Paddock:1984:OAP,
author = "C. E. Paddock and R. W. Scamell",
title = "Office Automation Projects and Their Impact on
Organization, Planning, and Control",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "289--302",
month = oct,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Implementing office information systems within an
organization results in both technological and
organizational change. Changes to the hardware,
software, data, and personnel components of an
organization tend to be more noticeable than changes to
the organization, planning, and control attributes that
permit these components to function as a unit.
Recognizing these more subtle changes while the office
automation effort is in its early stages can provide
management direction for future efforts. A study
designed to identify differences that exist between
data processing and word processing departments that
have begun office automation versus those that have not
is described. Data on specific attributes of
organization, planning, and control were collected from
26 data processing and 25 word processing managers. The
results, discussed as propositions, show that
significant differences do exist and raise other issues
for future study.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Administrative data processing; Business;
Centralization/decentralization; DP/WP integration;
Inf. systems applications; Management; Management of
computing and information systems; Miscellaneous;
Office automation; Performance; Project and people
management; Systems department; Systems management;
Text processing",
}
@Article{Mazer:1984:LRS,
author = "M. S. Mazer and F. H. Lochovsky",
title = "Logical Routing Specification in Office Information
Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "303--330",
month = oct,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A message management system is an office information
system for managing structured messages, integrating
the facilities of computer-based message systems and
database management systems, and adding to them the
capability of ``intelligent'' handling of messages.
This allows the office information system to support
messages that can use information about themselves
(such as structure and content) or about the system to
effect their own processing. Logical routing of
messages in an office information system is a function
that can benefit from such intelligent processing. A
framework and language are introduced for the
specification of logical routing for messages in an
office information system. By associating routing
specifications with message types, the system assumes
the responsibility both for evaluating the current
message instance state to yield the next destination
for the instance and for forwarding the instance. The
user is freed from the need to direct explicitly each
instance of a message type. The routing specifications
are based on a variety of criteria, including message
instance state and system characteristics. A routing
specification language is described, with examples, and
an implementation for a distributed workstation
environment is outlined.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communications applications; Computer-communication
networks; Design; Distr. applications; Distr. systems;
Electronic mail; Information systems applications;
Intelligent office systems; Languages; Logical routing;
Message management systems; Message types; Office
automation; Office information systems",
}
@Article{Higgins:1984:CAT,
author = "C. A. Higgins and F. R. Safayeni",
title = "A Critical Appraisal of Task Taxonomies As a Tool for
Studying Office Activities",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "2",
number = "4",
pages = "331--339",
month = oct,
year = "1984",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Task taxonomies have been developed and used by many
practitioners in studies related to office automation.
Often the studies are used to indicate the potential
for automation in an office. In other cases the
taxonomies serve as a tool for evaluating the impact of
various technologies. However, there are numerous
problems associated with using taxonomies for such
studies. These are related to three common assumptions
that are made: (1) the assumption of categorization,
(2) the assumption of finite representation, and (3)
the assumption of technological validity. In this paper
these assumptions are examined, their weaknesses and
limitations are pointed out, and suggestions for the
improvement of task taxonomies are made. The general
conclusion drawn is that current task taxonomies are of
questionable value in studies related to office
automation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Design; Inf. systems applications; Measuring office
activities; Office automation; Taxonomy",
}
@Article{Allen:1985:E,
author = "Robert B. Allen",
title = "Editorial",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "1--1",
month = jan,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{King:1985:DDM,
author = "R. King and D. McLeod",
title = "A Database Design Methodology And Tool For Information
Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "2--21",
month = jan,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A model and methodology for describing the information
objects in an office information system and how such
objects flow among the components of such a system are
presented. The model and methodology support the
specification of information objects at multiple levels
of abstraction. An interactive prototype design tool
based on the methodology and model has been designed
and experimentally implemented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Database management; Design; Models and principles;
Semantic modeling",
}
@Article{Gould:1985:CMD,
author = "J. D. Gould and C. Lewis and V. Barnes",
title = "Cursor Movement During Text Editing",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "22--34",
month = jan,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Nine participants used a full-screen computer text
editor (XEDIT) with an IBM 3277 terminal to edit
marked-up documents at each of three cursor speeds
(3.3, 4.7, and 11.0 cm/s). These speeds occur when a
user continuously holds down an arrow key to move the
cursor more than one character position (i.e., in
repeat or typamatic mode). Results show that cursor
speed did not seem to act as a pacing device for the
entire editing task. Since cursor speed is a form of
system response, this finding is in contrast with the
generally found positive relation between
system-response time and user-response time.
Participants preferred the Fast cursor speed, however.
Overall, more than one-third of all keystrokes were
used to move the cursor. We estimate that 9-14 percent
of editing time was spent controlling and moving the
cursor, regardless of cursor speed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Computer-human interaction; Cursor; Engineering
psychology; Experimentation; Human factors;
Miscellaneous; Models and principles; Software;
Software psychology; Terminal design; user interface;
User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Hevner:1985:QOL,
author = "A. R. Hevner and O. Q. Wu and S. B. Yao",
title = "Query Optimization on Local Area Networks",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "35--62",
month = jan,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Local area networks are becoming widely used as the
database communication framework for sophisticated
information systems. Databases can be distributed among
stations on a network to achieve the advantages of
performance, reliability, availability, and modularity.
Efficient distributed query optimization algorithms are
presented here for two types of local area networks:
address ring networks and broadcast networks. Optimal
algorithms are designed for simple queries.
Optimization principles from these algorithms guide the
development of effective heuristic algorithms for
general queries on both types of networks. Several
examples illustrate distributed query processing on
local area networks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Access schemes; Algorithms; Computer-communication
networks; Database management; Design; Distr.
databases; Distr. systems; Distributed query
optimization; Distributed systems; Local networks;
Query processing; Systems",
}
@Article{Weyer:1985:PEE,
author = "S. A. Weyer and A. H. Borning",
title = "A Prototype Electronic Encyclopedia",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "63--88",
month = jan,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "We describe a prototype electronic encyclopedia
implemented on a powerful personal computer, in which
user interface, media presentation, and knowledge
representation techniques are applied to improving
access to a knowledge resource. In itself, an
electronic encyclopedia is an important information
resource, but this work also illustrates the issues and
approaches for many types of electronic information
retrieval environments. In the prototype we make
dynamic use of the structure and semantics of the text
articles and index of an existing encyclopedia, while
experimenting with other forms of representation, such
as simulation and videodisc images. We present a long-
term vision of an intelligent user-interface agent;
summarize previous work related to futuristic
encyclopedias, electronic books, decision support
systems, and knowledge libraries; and outline current
and potential research directions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Electronic books; Experimentation; Human factors; Inf.
storage and retrieval; Information browsing and
viewing; Interactive simulations; Sys. and software;
Videodiscs",
}
@Article{Kincaid:1985:ECO,
author = "C. M. Kincaid and P. B. Dupont and A. R. Kaye",
title = "Electronic Calendars in the Office: An Assessment of
User Needs and Current Technology",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "1",
pages = "89--102",
month = jan,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Manufacturers of integrated electronic office systems
have included electronic versions of the calendar in
almost every system they offer. This paper describes a
survey of office workers, carried out to examine their
use both of paper calendars and of electronic calendars
that are commercially available as part of integrated
office systems. It assesses the degree to which
electronic calendars meet the needs of users. Our
survey shows that the simple paper calendar is a tool
whose power and flexibility is matched by few, if any,
of the current commercially available electronic
calendars. Recommendations for features that should be
included in electronic calendars and automatic
schedulers are included.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Design; Electronic calendars; Electronic schedules;
Human factors; Information systems applications; Models
and principles; Office automation;
Requirements/specifications; Software engineering; User
preferences; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Ballard:1985:EIO,
author = "B. W. Ballard",
title = "Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "105--106",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Epstein:1985:TNL,
author = "S. S. Epstein",
title = "Transportable Natural Language Processing Through
Simplicity --- The {PRE} System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "107--120",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "PRE (Purposefully Restricted English) is a restricted
English database query language whose implementation
has addressed engineering goals, namely, habitability,
interapplication transportability, performance, and use
with a reliable database management system that
supports large numbers of concurrent users and large
databases. Habitability has not been demonstrated, but
initial indications are encouraging. The other goals
have clearly been achieved. The existence of the PRE
system demonstrates that an explicitly ``minimalist''
approach to natural language processing can facilitate
achievement of transportability.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Database management; Design;
Distribution and maintenance; Extensibility;
Habitability; Human factors; Information search and
retrieval; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Knowledge
representation formalisms and methods; Language parsing
and understanding; Languages; Natural language
processing; Office automation; Portability; Query
formulation; Query languages; Representations;
Retrieval models; Software engineering;
Transportability",
}
@Article{Marsh:1985:TLS,
author = "E. Marsh and C. Friedman",
title = "Transporting the Linguistic String Project System from
a Medical to a Navy Domain",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "121--140",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The Linguistic String Project (LSP) natural language
processing system has been developed as a
domain-independent natural language processing system.
Initially utilized for processing sets of medical
messages and other texts in the medical domain, it has
been used at the Naval Research Laboratory for
processing Navy messages about shipboard equipment
failures. This paper describes the structure of the LSP
system and the features that make it transportable from
one domain to another. The processing procedures
encourage the isolation of domain-specific information,
yet take advantage of the syntactic and semantic
similarities between the medical and Navy domains. From
our experience in transporting the LSP system, we
identify the features that are required for
transportable natural language systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Human information processing;
Language parsing and understanding; Languages; Models
and principles; Natural language processing; Natural
language understanding; Sublanguage analysis; Text
analysis; Transportability; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Hafner:1985:PSS,
author = "C. D. Hafner and K. Godden",
title = "Portability of Syntax and Semantics in Datalog",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "141--164",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper presents a discussion of the techniques
developed and problems encountered during the design,
implementation, and experimental use of a portable
natural language processor. Datalog (for ``database
dialogue'') is an experimental natural language query
system, which was designed to achieve a maximum degree
of portability and extendability. Datalog uses a
three-level architecture to provide both portability of
syntax to new and extended tasks and portability of
semantics to new database applications. The
implementation of each of the three levels, the
structures and conventions that control the
interactions among them, and the way in which different
aspects of the design contribute to portability are
described. Finally, two specific, implemented examples
are presented, showing how it was possible to transport
or extend Datalog by changing only one ``layer'' of the
system's knowledge and achieve correct processing of
the extended input by the entire system.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Design; Frames and scripts; Inf. storage
and retrieval; Knowledge representation formalisms and
methods; Language models; Language parsing and
understanding; Natural language interfaces; Natural
language lexical structures; Natural language
processing; Portability; Question-answering
(fact-retrieval) systems; Semantic networks; Sys. and
software",
}
@Article{Damerau:1985:PSS,
author = "F. J. Damerau",
title = "Problems and Some Solutions in Customization of
Natural Language Database Front Ends",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "165--184",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper is concerned with some of the issues
arising in the development of a domain-independent
English interface to IBM SQL-based program products.
The TQA system falls into the class of multilayered
natural language processing systems. As a result, there
is a large number of potential points at which
customization to a particular database can be done. Of
these, we discuss procedures that affect the reader,
the lexicon, the lowest level of grammar rules, the
semantic interpreter, and the output formatter. Our
tests lead us to believe that the approach we are
taking will make it possible for database
administrators to generate robust English interfaces to
particular databases without help from linguistic
experts.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Database management; Human factors;
Knowledge acquisition; Language understanding;
Languages; Learning; Natural language interfaces;
Natural language processing; Query languages",
}
@Article{Thompson:1985:ATH,
author = "B. H. Thompson and F. B. Thompson",
title = "{ASK} Is Transportable in Half a Dozen Ways",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "185--203",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper is a discussion of the technical issues and
solutions encountered in making the ASK System
transportable. A natural language system can be
``transportable'' in a number of ways. Although
transportability to a new domain is most prominent,
other ways are also important if the system is to have
viability in the commercial marketplace. On the one
hand, transporting a system to a new domain may start
with the system prior to adding any domain of knowledge
and extend it to incorporate the new domain. On the
other hand, one may wish to add to a system that
already has knowledge of one domain the knowledge
concerning a second domain, that is, to extend the
system to cover this second domain. In the context of
ASK, it has been natural to implement extending and
then achieve transportability as a special case. In
this paper, we consider six ways in which the ASK
System can be extended to include new capabilities: --
to a new domain, -- to a new object type, -- to access
data from a foreign database, -- to a new natural
language, -- to a new programming language, -- to a new
computer family. Special-purpose applications, such as
those to accommodate standard office tasks, would make
use of these various means of extension.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Data manipulation languages (DML);
Database management; Design; Languages; Natural
language; Natural language interfaces; Natural language
processing; Transportability; User interface",
}
@Article{Slocum:1985:TOL,
author = "J. Slocum and C. F. Justus",
title = "Transportability to Other Languages: The Natural
Language Processing Project in the {AI} Program at
{MCC}",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "2",
pages = "204--230",
month = apr,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "We discuss a recently launched, long-term project in
natural language processing, the primary concern of
which is that natural language applications be
transportable among human languages. In particular, we
seek to develop system tools and linguistic processing
techniques that are themselves language-independent to
the maximum extent practical. In this paper we discuss
our project goals and outline our intended approach,
address some cross-linguistic requirements, and then
present some new linguistic data that we feel support
our approach.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Interlingual language models;
Language generation; Language models; Language parsing
and understanding; Languages; Multilingual language
models; Natural language processing",
}
@Article{Allen:1985:EPM,
author = "R. B. Allen",
title = "Editorial: Processing Manuscripts Electronically",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "233--233",
month = jul,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Dannenberg:1985:BPR,
author = "R. B. Dannenberg and P. G. Hibbard",
title = "A {Butler} Process for Resource Sharing on {Spice}
Machines",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "234--252",
month = jul,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A network of personal computers may contain a large
amount of distributed computing resources. For a number
of reasons it is desirable to share these resources,
but sharing is complicated by issues of security and
autonomy. A process known as the Butler addresses these
problems and provides support for resource sharing. The
Butler relies upon a capability-based accounting system
called the Banker to monitor the use of local
resources.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Access controls; Autonomy; Communications
applications; Computer-communication networks; Design;
Distributed applications; Distributed systems;
Information systems applications; Negotiation; Network
operating systems; Network protocols; Office
automation; Operating systems; Organization and design;
Personal computers; Process migration; Protocol
architecture; Resource sharing; Security; Security and
protection",
}
@Article{Heimbigner:1985:FAI,
author = "D. Heimbigner and D. McLeod",
title = "A Federated Architecture for Information Management",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "253--278",
month = jul,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "An approach to the coordinated sharing and interchange
of computerized information is described emphasizing
partial, controlled sharing among autonomous databases.
Office information systems provide a particularly
appropriate context for this type of information
sharing and exchange. A federated database architecture
is described in which a collection of independent
database systems are united into a loosely coupled
federation in order to share and exchange information.
A federation consists of components (of which there may
be any number) and a single federal dictionary. The
components represent individual users, applications,
workstation, or other components in an office
information system. The federal dictionary is a
specialized component that maintains the topology of
the federation and oversees the entry of new
components. Each component in the federation controls
its interactions with other components by means of an
export schema and an import schema. The export schema
specifies the information that a component will share
with other components, while the import schema
specifies the nonlocal information that a component
wishes to manipulate. The federated architecture
provides mechanisms for sharing data, for sharing
transactions (via message types) for combining
information from several components, and for
coordinating activities among autonomous components
(via negotiation). A prototype implementation of the
federated database mechanism is currently operational
on an experimental basis.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Algorithms; Data models; Database management; Design;
Distributed information management; Distributed
systems; Federated databases; Information systems
applications; Languages; Logical design; Management;
Office automation; Office information systems; Schema
and subschema; Systems",
}
@Article{Thoma:1985:PSE,
author = "G. R. Thoma and S. Suthasinekul and F. L. Walker and
J. Cookson and M. Rashidian",
title = "A Prototype System for the Electronic Storage and
Retrieval of Document Images",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "279--291",
month = jul,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A prototype system has been implemented for electronic
scanning, digitization, storage, retrieval, and display
of images of biomedical documents. Paper documents are
scanned and digitized at a scan density of 200 picture
elements (pels) per inch by either a high-speed
loose-leaf scanner with an automatic document transport
or a book scanner with a manual book holder. Each
scanner employs a high-resolution charge-coupled device
(CCD) linear array operating at a sampling rate close
to 10 MHz. The analog output signal of the CCD array is
digitized into 1 bit per pixel two-tone images by means
of dynamic thresholding. The digitized images are
stored on magnetic disks to be processed and will
eventually be transferred onto optical disks for
archival storage. Existing on-line bibliographic
databases developed by the National Library of Medicine
are used as directories for the retrieval of document
images. These images are displayed at a resolution of
200 pels/inch in both soft-copy (raster-refreshed CRT)
and hard-copy forms. This prototype system, developed
as part of a research and development program, offers
the opportunity to investigate the areas of document
image enhancement, image compression, and omnifont text
recognition and to conduct experiments designed to
answer key questions on the role of electronic document
storage and retrieval technology in library information
processing and the preservation of library documents.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Computer applications; Design; Document retrieval
systems; Documentation; Equipment; Inf. storage; Inf.
storage and retrieval; Information search and
retrieval; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Library automation;
Library science; Life and medical sciences; Medical
information systems; Office automation; Systems and
software",
}
@Article{Harris:1985:DIT,
author = "S. E. Harris and H. J. Brightman",
title = "Design Implications of a Task-Driven Approach to
Unstructured Cognitive Tasks in Office Work",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "292--306",
month = jul,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Previous research in modeling office activities has
been primarily oriented toward office work that is
structured and organized. In this paper we report on
efforts to develop a new methodology for needs
assessment evaluation. We use the Critical Task Method
to identify the ``bottleneck cognitive tasks'' of
principals with an unstructured work profile. Data were
collected on the computer-support needs of faculty
researchers, and the finding indicate that a
``knowledge-based'' design offers the most promise for
delivering effective support. In addition, the systems
design suggests the integration of text, data, voice,
and images.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Decision support; Design; Inf. systems
applications; Management; Management of computing and
information systems; Methodology; Models of work;
Office automation; Problem solving; Project and people
management; System analysis and design; Tools; Types of
systems",
}
@Article{Nicholson:1985:UPI,
author = "R. T. Nicholson",
title = "Usage Patterns in an Integrated Voice and Data
Communications System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "307--314",
month = jul,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Recently, office communication systems have begun to
integrate voice recordings into their mail and data
communications facilities. The study of usage patterns
on one such system shows that voice is used for
informal, person-to-person communications, as opposed
to the formal content of typed messages. Voice messages
are generally sent to fewer recipients (often only
one), and sometimes replace face-to-face meetings.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communications applications; Design; Electronic mail;
Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Information
systems applications; Models and principles; Office
automation; User/machine systems; Voice
communications",
}
@Article{Biermann:1985:ISP,
author = "A. W. Biermann and L. Fineman and K. C. Gilbert",
title = "An Imperative Sentence Processor for Voice Interactive
Office Applications",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "321--346",
month = oct,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "An imperative sentence processor that enables a user
to manipulate text with connected speech and
touch-graphics input is described. The processor
includes capabilities to follow dialogue focus, execute
a variety of imperative commands, and handle nested
noun groups, pronouns, and other phenomena. A
micromodel of the system, giving enough of the
structure to enable the reader to observe internal
mechanisms in considerable detail, is included. This
processor is designed to be transportable to a number
of other office automation domains such as calendar
management, message-passing, and desk calculation.
Various examples and statistics related to its behavior
in the text manipulation application are given. The
system has been implemented in PASCAL and can run on
any machine that supports this language.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; Computational linguistics;
Human factors; Inf. systems applications; Language
models; Language parsing and understanding; Languages;
Natural language processing; Office automation; Speech
recognition and understanding; Text editing; Text
processing; Voice interactive systems; Word
processing",
}
@Article{Peels:1985:DAT,
author = "A. J. H. M. Peels and N. J. M. Janssen and W. Nawijn",
title = "Document Architecture and Text Formatting",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "347--369",
month = oct,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The formalization of the architecture of documents and
text formatting are the central issues of this paper.
Besides a fundamental and theoretical approach toward
these topics, and overview is presented of the COBATEF
system. The COBATEF system is a context-based text
formatting system, for which a software, as well as a
hardware, implementation is available. A unique feature
of the system is its automatic text-element recognition
mechanism, which is context based and consequently
takes advantage of the implicit structure of text. A
predefined layout for each type of text element then
opens the way for a fully automatic text-processing
system in which user control information can be reduced
to an absolute minimum.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Automatic text element recognition;
Design; Document architecture; Document preparation;
Formatting; Inf. systems applications; Information
streams; Languages; Management; Natural language
processing; Office automation; Text analysis; Text
processing; Typesetting",
}
@Article{Panko:1985:PTC,
author = "R. R. Panko",
title = "Productivity Trends in Certain Office-Intensive
Sectors of the {U.S.} Federal Government",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "370--379",
month = oct,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "It is often said that office productivity is virtually
stagnant, increasing only about 4 percent every 10
years. The methodology used to estimate this 4 percent
figure is examined and found to be inaccurate! There is
no known way to estimated overall national office
productivity trends. Productivity trends in a single
part of the economy, however, can be examined, namely,
office-intensive sectors of the U.S. federal
government. Productivity in these sectors is found to
be anything but stagnant, having increased 1.7 percent
annually from 1967 to 1981 and 3.0 percent annually
from 1977 through 1981.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Computers and society; Economics; General; Labor
productivity; Measurement; Office productivity;
Organizational impacts; Performance",
}
@Article{Buchman:1985:DFA,
author = "C. Buchman and D. M. Berry and J. Gonczarowski",
title = "{DITROFF\slash FFORTID}, An Adaptation of the {UNIX
DITROFF} for Formatting Bidirectional Text",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "380--397",
month = oct,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "DITROFF\slash FFORTID, a collection of pre- and
postprocessors for the UNIX DITROFF (Device Independent
Typesetter RunOFF) is described. DITROFF\slash FFORTID
permits formatting of text involving a mixture of
languages written from left to right and from right to
left, such as English and Hebrew. The programs are
table driven or macro-generated to permit them to be
used for any languages written from left to right and
from right to left so long as fonts with the proper
character sets can be mounted on a typesetting device
supported by DITROFF. The preprocessors are set up to
permit phonetic, unidirectional input of all of the
alphabets needed using only the two alphabets (each
case counts as an alphabet) available on the input
device. These macro-generated preprocessors can be
adjusted to the user's pronunciation, the language's
rules about a letter's form, depending on its position
in the word, and the language of the user's input
keyboard. The postprocessor is set up to properly
change direction of formatting when the text switches
to a language written in a different direction. The
collection of programs is also designed to allow use of
any of DITROFF's preprocessors, such as PIC, EQN, TBL
and the various device drivers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Bidirectional formatting; Bidirectional text; Design;
Document preparation; Format and notation; Human
factors; Inf. systems applications; Languages; Macro;
Office automation; Postprocessor; Preprocessor; Text
processing; Word processing",
}
@Article{King:1985:ECA,
author = "R. King and C. Stanley",
title = "Ensuring the Court Admissibility of Computer-Generated
Records",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "3",
number = "4",
pages = "398--412",
month = oct,
year = "1985",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "An informal methodology is described for optimizing
the likelihood of computer-generated records being
admissible in a U.S. court of law. This methodology is
intended for individuals who are converting to
automated office procedures, as well as for those whose
businesses are already highly computerized. However,
this paper does not purport to be a formal legal guide;
rather, it is intended as an overview of this issue.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Administrative data processing; Computer applications;
Evidence; Law; Legal aspects; Records",
}
@Article{Trigg:1986:TNB,
author = "Randall H. Trigg and Mark Weiser",
title = "{TEXTNET}: {A} Network-Based Approach to Text
Handling",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "1--23",
month = jan,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Textnet is a new system for structuring text. The
Textnet approach uses one uniform data structure to
capture graphlike pools of text, as well as embedded
hierarchical structures. By using a semantic network
formalism of nodes connected by typed links, the
relationships between neighboring pieces of text are
made explicit. Also described is our partial
implementation of the Textnet approach, which makes use
of an object-oriented window\slash menu-driven user
interface. Users peruse the network by moving among
object menus or by reading text along a path through
the network. In addition, critiquing, reader linking,
searching, and jumping are easily accessible
operations. Finally, the results of a short trial with
users are presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA",
classification = "461; 723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Content analysis and indexing; document preparation;
Document preparation; Experimentation; human
engineering; Human factors; Hypertext systems; Inf.
storage and retrieval; information retrieval systems;
information science --- Indexing; Information search
and retrieval; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Languages;
Management; Models and principles; office automation;
Office automation; Online information services;
semantic networks; Semantic networks; Systems and
software; Text processing; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Donahue:1986:WGD,
author = "James Donahue and Jennifer Widom",
title = "Whiteboards: {A} Graphical Database Tool",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "24--41",
month = jan,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The `Whiteboards' system is intended to be an
electronic equivalent of the whiteboards and corkboards
that we have in our offices. A Whiteboard database has
similar qualities of storing disparate collections of
data and saving their spatial location in a window to
help with organization. A Whiteboard database can
contain references to arbitrary entities: text files,
notes, programs, tools, pictures, etc. Whiteboards runs
as an application in the Cedar programming environment
developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Xerox Corp, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications; database systems; information retrieval
systems; office automation; programming environment",
}
@Article{Jones:1986:SMU,
author = "William P. Jones and Susan T. Dumais",
title = "The Spatial Metaphor for User Interfaces: Experimental
Tests of Reference by Location versus Name",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "42--63",
month = jan,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The accuracy of spatial versus symbolic reference was
assessed in three experiments. In Experiment 1 accuracy
of location reference in a location-only filing
condition was initially comparable to that in a
name-only condition, but deteriorated much more rapidly
with increases in the number of objects filed. In
Experiment 2 subjects placed objects in a
two-dimensional space containing landmarks (drawings of
a desk, table, filing cabinets, etc. ) designed to
evoke an office metaphor, and in Experiment 3 subjects
placed objects in an actual, three-dimensional mock
office. Neither of these enhancements served to improve
significantly the accuracy of location reference, and
performance remained below that of a name-only
condition in Experiment 1. The results raise questions
about the utility of spatial metaphor over symbolic
filing and highlight the need for continuing research
in which considerations of technological and economic
feasibility are balanced by considerations of
psychological utility.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Bell Communications Research",
classification = "461; 722; 723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computer interfaces; computer-human interaction;
Computer-human interaction; Experimentation; File
organization; human engineering; Human factors; Human
information processing; information retrieval systems;
Information storage; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Management; Models
and principles; office automation; Office automation;
Performance; Personal filing systems; Spatial
representation; User interface; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Martin:1986:CLR,
author = "P. Martin and D. Tsichritzis",
title = "Complete Logical Routings in Computer Mail Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "1",
pages = "64--80",
month = jan,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The logical routing of a message in a computer mail
system involves the identification and location of the
set of intended recipients for that message. This
function is carried out by the naming and addressing
mechanism of the mail system. An important property of
that mechanism is that it should be able to identify
and locate all the intended recipients of a message, so
that, once submitted, a message will not become lost or
stuck in the system. We first discuss message
addressing schemes, which are a framework for dealing
with the naming and addressing problem. Message
addressing schemes can also serve as a basis for the
analysis of some of the properties of logical message
routing within a system. We examine the conditions
necessary for a complete message addressing scheme,
that is, one that guarantees to deliver all possible
messages.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Queen's Univ, Kingston, Ont, Can",
classification = "718; 722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computer networks; computer systems; digital ---
Distributed; distributed systems; electronic mail;
message systems",
}
@Article{Bui:1986:CDC,
author = "T. X. Bui and M. Jarke",
title = "Communications Design for {Co-oP}: {A} Group Decision
Support System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "81--103",
month = apr,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Decision Support Systems (DSSs), computer-based
systems intended to assist managers in preparing and
analyzing decisions, have been single-user systems for
most of the past decade. Only recently has DSS research
begun to study the implications of the fact that most
complex managerial decisions involve multiple decision
makers and analysts. A number of tools for facilitating
group decisions have been proposed under the label
Group Decision Support Systems (GDSSs). One of the most
important functions of a GDSS is to provide
problem-oriented services for communication among
decision makers. On the basis of an analysis of the
communication requirements in various group decision
settings, this paper presents an architecture for
defining and enforcing dynamic application-level
protocols that organize decision group interaction. The
architecture has been implemented on a network of
personal computers in Co-oP, a GDSS for cooperative
group decision making based on interactive,
multiple-criteria decision methods.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Communication design; Communications applications;
Computer-communication networks; Cooperative work;
Decision support; Design; Distributed applications;
Distributed systems; Group decision making; Human
factors; Information systems applications; Management;
Models and principles; Negotiation; Network protocols;
Office automation; Operating systems; Organization and
design; Types of systems; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Ho:1986:SMO,
author = "C.-S. Ho and Y.-C. Hong and T.-S. Kuo",
title = "A Society Model for Office Information Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "104--131",
month = apr,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A society model, which characterizes the behavior and
procedure of offices, is proposed. It is our belief
that an office system capable of dealing with all real
office problems only through the modeling of the
internal behavior of an office can be developed. In
this society model, office entities are viewed as
agents. An agent is modeled as a microsociety of
interacting knowledge sources. Within the microsociety,
there exists a microknowledge exchange system, which
provides a set of microknowledge exchange protocols as
a coordination system among those knowledge sources
during their cooperative reasoning process. An office
is then modeled as a society of various interacting
agents using their knowledge to complete the office
goals cooperatively. It is this unified view that
allows offices to be modeled in a flexible and general
way.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Computer-communication networks; Design;
Distributed applications; Distributed problem solving;
Distributed systems; Human factors; Information systems
applications; Knowledge exchange protocols; Knowledge
messages; Management; Miscellaneous; Models and
principles; Network protocols; Office automation;
Office modeling; Office systems; Protocol
architecture",
}
@Article{Hudson:1986:GDM,
author = "S. E. Hudson and R. King",
title = "A Generator of Direct Manipulation Office Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "132--163",
month = apr,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A system for generating direct manipulation office
systems is described. In these systems, the user
directly manipulates graphical representations of
office entities instead of dealing with these entities
abstractly through a command language or menu system.
These systems employ a new semantic data model to
describe office entities. New techniques based on
attribute grammars and incremental attribute evaluation
are used to implement this data model in an efficient
manner. In addition, the system provides a means of
generating sophisticated graphics-based user interfaces
that are integrated with the underlying semantic model.
Finally, the generated systems contain a general user
reversal and recovery (or undo) mechanism that allows
them to be much more tolerant of human errors.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Application development tools; Computer graphics; Data
models; Database management; Design; Direct
manipulation; Graphical user interfaces; Human factors;
Inf. systems applications; Interaction techniques;
Languages; Logical design; Management; Methodology and
techniques; Office automation; Semantic models",
}
@Article{Motro:1986:BBR,
author = "A. Motro",
title = "{BAROQUE}: {A} Browser for Relational Databases",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "164--181",
month = apr,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The standard, most efficient method to retrieve
information from databases can be described as
systematic retrieval: The needs of the user are
described in a formal query, and the database
management system retrieves the data promptly. There
are several situations, however, in which systematic
retrieval is difficult or even impossible. In such
situations exploratory search (browsing) is a helpful
alternative. This paper describes a new user interface,
called BAROQUE, that implements exploratory searches in
relational databases. BAROQUE requires few formal
skills from its users. It does not assume knowledge of
the principles of the relational data model or
familiarity with the organization of the particular
database being accessed. It is especially helpful when
retrieval targets are vague or cannot be specified
satisfactorily. BAROQUE establishes a view of the
relational database that resembles a semantic network,
and provides several intuitive functions for scanning
it. The network integrates both schema and data, and
supports access by value. BAROQUE can be implemented on
top of any basic relational database management system
but can be modified to take advantage of additional
capabilities and enhancements often present in
relational systems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
keywords = "Browsing; Data models; Database; Database management;
Design; Exploratory search; Human factors; Information
search and retrieval; Information storage and
retrieval; Languages; Logical design; Query languages;
Relational database; Retrieval models; User interface",
}
@Article{Hewitt:1986:EIS,
author = "C. Hewitt and S. B. Zdonik",
title = "{Editors}' Introduction: Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "183--184",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Woo:1986:SDO,
author = "Carson C. Woo and Frederick H. Lochovsky",
title = "Supporting Distributed Office Problem Solving in
Organizations",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "185--204",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "To improve the effectiveness of office workers in
their decision making, office systems have been built
to support (rather than replace) their judgment.
However, these systems model office work in a
centralized environment, and\slash or they can only
support a single office worker. Office work that is
divided into specialized domains handled by different
office workers (where cooperation is needed in order to
accomplish the work) is not supported. In this paper,
we will present a model that supports office problem
solving in a logically distributed environment. (In
some systems, information is geographically distributed
for performance purposes rather than for conceptual
need. The term, logically, is therefore used to
indicate the logical need of organizing information
without having to worry about the physical location of
the information). In particular, cooperative tools that
can be used to support office workers during the
process of their problem solving is discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Can",
classification = "718; 721; 722; 723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications; artificial intelligence --- Expert
Systems; computer networks; computers; digital --- Data
Communication Systems; electronic mail; management ---
Information Systems; office automation; office
communication",
}
@Article{Gasser:1986:ICR,
author = "Les Gasser",
title = "The Integration of Computing and Routine Work",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "205--225",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Most computing serves as a resource or tool to support
other work: performing complex analyses for engineering
projects, preparing documents, or sending electronic
mail using office automation equipment, etc. To improve
the character, quality, and ease of computing work, we
must understand how automated systems actually are
integrated into the work they support. How do people
actually adapt to computing a resource? How do they
deal with the unreliability in hardware, software, or
operations; data inaccuracy; system changes; poor
documentation; inappropriate designs; etc.; which are
present in almost every computing milieu, even where
computing a widely used and considered highly
successful? This paper presents some results of a
detailed empirical study of routine computer use in
several organizations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Administrative data processing; Articulation work;
Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence ---
Applications; business; computer software; Computing
and work; Computing in organizations; Control methods
and search; data processing; Distribution and
maintenance; Human factors; Integration of computing;
knowledge representation; Knowledge representation
formalisms and methods; Management; management ---
Information Systems; Management of computing and
information systems; Manufacturing; Models and
principles; Multiagent systems; Problem solving; Social
analysis of computing; Software engineering; Software
Engineering; Software engineering; user/machine
systems; User/machine systems; Workarounds",
}
@Article{Davison:1986:VID,
author = "Jay W. Davison and Stanley B. Zdonik",
title = "A Visual Interface for a Database with Version
Management",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "226--256",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper describes a graphical interface to an
experimental database system which incorporates a
built-in version control mechanism that maintains a
history of the database development and changes. The
system is an extension of ISIS, Interface for a
Semantic Information System, a workstation-based,
graphical database programming tool developed at Brown
University. ISIS supports a graphical interface to a
modified subset of the Semantic Data Model (SDM). The
ISIS extension introduces a transaction mechanism that
interacts with the version control facilities. A series
of version control support tools have been added to
ISIS to provide a notion of history to user-created
databases. The user can form new versions of three
types of ISIS objects: a class definition object (a
type), the set of instances of a class (the content),
and an entity. A version-viewing mechanism is provided
to allow for the comparison of various object versions.
Database operations are grouped together in atomic
units to form transactions, which are stored as
entities in the database. A sample session demonstrates
the capabilities of version and transaction control
during the creation and manipulation of database
objects.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "AT\&T Bell Lab, USA",
classification = "461; 723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Data models; Database management; database systems;
Design; Historical database; human engineering; Human
factors; Information systems applications; Languages;
Logical design; management --- Information Systems;
Models and principles; office automation; Office
automation; semantic data model; Semantic data model;
Transaction processing; user/machine systems;
User/machine systems; Version control; Visual
interfaces",
}
@Article{Gerson:1986:ADP,
author = "Elihu M. Gerson and Susan Leigh Star",
title = "Analyzing Due Process in the Workplace",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "257--270",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Every office is an open system, and the products of
office work are the result of decentralized
negotiations. Changing patterns of task organization
and alliance inevitably give rise to inconsistent
knowledge bases and procedures. This implies that there
are no globally correct answers to problems addressed
by OISs. Rather, systems must deal with multiple
competing, possibly irreconcilable, solutions.
Articulating alternative solutions is the problem of
due process. This problem and its consequences are
illustrated by a case study of a rate-setting group in
a large health insurance firm. There is no formal
solution to the problem of due process. But it must be
solved in practice if distributed intelligent OISs are
to be developed. We propose an alternative approach
based on the work of social scientists concerned with
analyzing analogous problems in human organization.
Solution of the due process problem hinges on
developing local closures to the problem faced by an
organization. This means analyzing (a) local, tacit
knowledge and its transfer ability; (b) articulation
work, that is, reconciling incommensurate assumptions
and procedures.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Tremont Research Inst, San Francisco, CA, USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence ---
Applications; Centralization/decentralization; Design;
General; Human factors; Information Systems; knowledge
representation; Knowledge representation formalisms and
methods; management; Management of computing and
information systems; Models and principles; office
automation; Project and people management; Sys. and
information theory; System management; Systems analysis
and design; Systems development; systems development",
}
@Article{Hewitt:1986:OOS,
author = "Carl Hewitt",
title = "Offices Are Open Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "3",
pages = "271--287",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Research Contributions: Selected Papers from the
Conference on Office Information Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper is intended as a contribution to analysis
of the implications of viewing offices as open systems.
It takes a prescriptive stance on how to establish the
information-processing foundations for taking action
and making decisions in office work from an open
systems perspective. We propose due process as a
central activity in organizational information
processing. Computer systems are beginning to play
important roles in mediating the ongoing activities of
organizations. We expect that these roles will
gradually increase in importance as computer systems
take on more of the authority and responsibility for
ongoing activities. At the same time we expect computer
systems to acquire more of the characteristics and
structure of human organizations.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence ---
Applications; computer systems programming ---
Multiprocessing Programs; concurrent programming;
Concurrent programming; Control methods and search;
Debate; Decision making; Due process; Formation;
Generation; knowledge representation; Knowledge
representation formalisms and methods; Language
classifications; Logic; Management; management ---
Information Systems; Microtheories; Negotiation; office
automation; Offices; Open systems; Operating systems;
Plan execution; Problem solving; problem solving;
Programming languages; Programming techniques;
Reliability; Very high-level languages",
}
@Article{Hauzeur:1986:MNA,
author = "Bernard M. Hauzeur",
title = "A Model for Naming, Addressing, and Routing",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "293--311",
month = oct,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Naming and addressing are areas in which there is
still a need for clarification. Many definitions for
names, addresses, and routes have been proposed, but
the exact relations among these concepts are obscure. A
taxonomy of names, addresses, and routes is presented.
First, we identify names and routes as the essential
concepts of communication. Then, addresses are
introduced as an intermediate form that eases the
process of mapping between names and routes; an
original definition of an address is thus proposed.
Relations among names, addresses, and routes are
explained with the concept of mapping. On this basis, a
general model relating names, addresses, and routes is
built and then applied recursively throughout a layered
architecture, leading to a layered naming and
addressing model which may play the same role for
naming and addressing features that the OSI reference
model plays for the definition of services and
protocols. Finally, the model is particularized to a
typical network architecture. The model may also be
applied to non-OSI layered systems; naming, addressing,
and routing issues in any network architecture could be
a particular instance of this layered model.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Li{\`e}ge, Li{\`e}ge, Belg",
classification = "718; 723; 902",
journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Addresses; computer networks; Computer-communication
networks; computer-communication networks; computers;
Design; digital --- Data Communication Systems;
General; Layered architecture; Mapping names; Network
architecture and design; open systems interconnection
(osi); OSI model; Routes; routing; Standardization;
Standards; Theory",
}
@Article{Motro:1986:SMV,
author = "Amihai Motro",
title = "{SEAVE}: {A} Mechanism for Verifying User
Presuppositions in Query Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "312--330",
month = oct,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Every information system incorporates a database
component, and a frequent activity of users of
information systems is to present it with queries.
These queries reflect the presuppositions of their
authors about the system and the information it
contains. With most query processors, queries that are
based on erroneous presuppositions often result in null
answers. These fake nulls are misleading, since they do
not point out the user's erroneous presuppositions (and
can even be interpreted as their affirmation). This
article describes the SEAVE mechanism for extracting
presuppositions from queries and verifying their
correctness. The verification is done against three
repositories of information: the actual data, their
integrity constraints, and their completeness
assertions. Consequently, queries that reflect
erroneous presuppositions are answered with informative
messages instead of null answers, and user-system
communication is thus improved (an aspect that is
particularly important in systems that often are
accessed by naive users). First, the principles of
SEAVE are described abstractly. Then, specific
algorithms for implementing it with relational
databases are presented, including a new method for
sorting knowledge and an efficient algorithm for
processing queries against the knowledge.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA",
classification = "722; 723; 903",
journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Cooperative user interface; Database; Database
completeness; database integrity; Database integrity;
Database management; database systems; Design;
Erroneous presupposition; Human factors; Inf. storage
and retrieval; information retrieval systems ---
Computer Interfaces; Information search and retrieval;
Languages; Query failure; Query generalization; Query
processing; query systems; Relational; Relational
database; Retrieval models; Sys.",
}
@Article{Hirschheim:1986:UOS,
author = "R. A. Hirschheim",
title = "Understanding the Office: {A} Social-Analytic
Perspective",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "331--344",
month = oct,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "In order to apply office automation in a meaningful
fashion, it is apparent that some understanding of the
office is necessary. Most descriptive studies of the
office have placed great emphasis on manifest office
actions, suggesting that offices are the embodiment of
these actions. The meanings of these actions or tasks,
however, have been given scant attention. There exist a
number of office activity or task taxonomies, but they
do little more than provide a simple and limited
structure through which to conceive of an office. From
a social-analytic perspective this appears to be overly
simplistic and misses the richness of social action in
an office. Focusing on the overt and manifest aspects
of the office may very well lead to its
misrepresentation. This paper takes a critical look at
the way offices are conceived in the office automation
literature and suggests alternatives that may provide a
better understanding of the real functions of an
office.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Oxford Univ, Oxford, Engl",
classification = "461; 723; 901; 912",
journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computers and society; Computers and society; Human
Factors; Human factors; Inf. systems applications;
management --- Information Systems; Models and
principles; office automation; Office automation;
Office automation systems development; Office
perspectives; Office views; Organizational impacts;
Public policy issues; Social issues; technology ---
Economic and Sociological Effects; Theory; User/machine
systems",
}
@Article{Christodoulakis:1986:MDP,
author = "S. Christodoulakis and M. Theodoridou and F. Ho and M.
Papa and A. Pathria",
title = "Multimedia Document Presentation, Information
Extraction, and Document Formation in {MINOS}: {A}
Model and a System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "4",
number = "4",
pages = "345--383",
month = oct,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Minos is an object-oriented multimedia information
system that provides integrated facilities for creating
and managing complex multimedia objects. In this paper
the model for multimedia documents supported by MINOS
and its implementation is described. Described in
particular are functions provided in MINOS that exploit
the capabilities of a modern workstation equipped with
image and voice input-output devices to accomplish an
active multimedia document presentation and browsing
within documents. These functions are powerful enough
to support a variety of office applications. Also
described are functions provided for the extraction of
information from multimedia documents that exist in a
large repository of information (multimedia document
archiver) and functions that select and transform this
information. Facilities for information sharing among
objects of the archiver are described; an interactive
multimedia editor that is used for the extraction and
interactive creation of new information is outlined;
finally, a multimedia document formatter that is used
to synthesize a new multimedia document from extracted
and interactively generated information is presented.
This prototype system runs on a SUN-3 workstation
running UNIX(TRADE MARK). An Instavox, directly
addressable, analog device is used to store voice
segments.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont, Can",
classification = "461; 722; 723; 903",
journalabr = "Acm Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computer interfaces --- Human Factors; Design;
Evaluation; Human factors; Images; Inf. storage and
retrieval; Information browsing; information retrieval
systems; Management; multimedia document models;
object-oriented information systems; Object-oriented
systems; office automation; Office databases; Optical
disks; Sys. and software; Text access methods; Viewing;
Voice",
}
@Article{Lochovsky:1987:EIS,
author = "F. H. Lochovsky",
title = "Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "1--2",
month = jan,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Banerjee:1987:DMI,
author = "Jay Banerjee and Hong-Tai Chou and Jorge F. Garza and
Won Kim and Darrell Woelk and Nat Ballou and Hyoung-Joo
Kim",
title = "Data Model Issues for Object-Oriented Applications",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "3--26",
month = jan,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Presented in this paper is the data model for ORION, a
prototype database system that adds persistence and
shareability to objects created and manipulated in
object-oriented applications. The ORION data model
consolidates and modifies a number of major concepts
found in many object-oriented systems, such as objects,
classes, class lattice, methods, and inheritance. These
concepts are reviewed and three major enhancements to
the conventional object-oriented data model, namely,
scheme evolution, composite objects, and versions, are
elaborated upon.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "MCC, Austin, TX, USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Composite object; Data models; data models; Database
management; database systems; Design; Human information
processing; human information processing; Information
systems applications; Logical design; management ---
Information Systems; Models and principles; object
oriented languages; Object-oriented database; Office
automation; office automation; Schema evolution;
Theory; User/machine systems; Version management",
}
@Article{Purdy:1987:IOS,
author = "Alan Purdy and Bruce Schuchardt and David Maier",
title = "Integrating an Object Server with Other Worlds",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "27--47",
month = jan,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "During the last three years a team at Servio designed
and implemented an object-oriented database server (or
object server) called GemStone. GemStone delivers to
application developers a database subsystem with a
Smalltalk-like object model instead of one of the more
traditional record-oriented models (e. g., relational,
hierarchical). This object model allows applications to
manage information (e. g., documents, pictures, sound)
not easily handled by more traditional database
systems. The design presented in this paper succeeds at
meeting many of the goals for a seamless integration of
GemStone with Smalltalk, especially if an application
can live with the default behavior of proxies. For
those designers not content with the efficiency of the
resulting application, this design provides a
reasonable factoring to allow incremental tuning by
creation of custom deputies. The deputy model allows
easy experimentation of alternative cache management
strategies. The authors suspect that once the major
classes supplied with GemStone have pretuned Smalltalk
deputies, this custom tuning process should not be a
difficult chore.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Servio Logic Development Corp, Beaverton, OR,
USA",
classification = "718; 721; 722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Abstract data types; abstract data types; computer
networks --- Applications; computer programming
languages; computer systems; Computer-communication
networks; computer-communication networks; computers;
Data Communication Systems; Data models; Database
management; database systems; Design; digital; digital
--- Distributed; Distr. applications; Distr. systems;
GemStone; gemstone; General; Language constructs;
Languages; Logical design; Object server;
Object-oriented environment; Programming languages;
Smalltalk-80; Systems",
}
@Article{Fishman:1987:IOO,
author = "D. H. Fishman and D. Beech and H. P. Cate and E. C.
Chow and T. Connors and J. W. Davis and N. Derrett and
C. G. Hoch and W. Kent and P. Lyngbaek and B. Mahbod
and M. A. Neimat and T. A. Ryan and M. C. Shan",
title = "{Iris}: An Object-Oriented Database Management
System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "48--69",
month = jan,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The Iris database management system is a research
prototype of a next-generation database management
system (DBMS) intended to meet the needs of new and
emerging database applications, including office
information and knowledge-based systems, engineering
test and measurement, and hardware and software design.
Iris is exploring a rich set of new database
capabilities required by these applications, including
rich data-modeling constructs, direct database support
for inference, novel and extensive data types, for
example, to support graphic images, voice, text,
vectors, and matrices, support for long transactions
spanning minutes to many days, and multiple versions of
data. These capabilities are, in addition to the usual
support for permanence of data, controlled sharing,
backup, and recovery.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Hewlett--Packard Lab, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
classification = "723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Abstract data types; Artificial intelligence;
artificial intelligence --- Applications; computer
programming languages --- Design; Data description
language (DDL); data description languages (ddl); Data
manipulation language (DML); data manipulation
languages (dml); Data models; Data types and
structures; Database management; database systems; Iris
DBMS; knowledge representation; Knowledge
representation formalisms and methods; Language
constructs; Languages; LISP; Logical design;
object-oriented databases; Object-oriented DBMS; OSQL
persistent objects; Programming languages; Programming
languages and software; Query languages; Query
processing; Relation systems; Representation languages;
Semantic networks; SQL; Systems; Transaction
processing",
}
@Article{Hornick:1987:SSM,
author = "Mark F. Hornick and Stanley B. Zdonik",
title = "A Shared, Segmented Memory System for an
Object-Oriented Database",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "70--95",
month = jan,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper describes the basic data model of an
object-oriented database and the basic architecture of
the system implementing it. In particular, a secondary
storage segmentation scheme and a
transaction-processing scheme are discussed. The
segmentation scheme allows for arbitrary clustering of
objects, including duplicates. The transaction scheme
allows for many different sharing protocols ranging
from those that enforce serializability to those that
are nonserializable and require communication with the
server only on demand. The interaction of these two
features is described such that segment-level transfer
and object-level locking is achieved.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Brown Univ, Providence, RI, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Abstract data types; Asynchronous communication;
business --- File Organization; CAD transaction
processing; Clustering; computer programming languages;
data models; Data models; data processing; Data types
and structures; Database management; database systems;
Deadlock avoidance; Design; Distributed systems;
Experimentation; File organization; information
retrieval systems --- Design; Information search and
retrieval; Information storage; Information storage and
retrieval; Language constructs; Languages; Locking;
Modules and packages; Object clustering; Object server;
Object-oriented databases; object-oriented databases;
Operating systems; Performance; Physical design;
Programming languages; Retrieval models; Segmentation;
segmented memory systems; Storage management; Systems;
Transaction processing; Virtual memory",
}
@Article{Tsichritzis:1987:KKA,
author = "D. Tsichritzis and E. Fiume and S. Gibbs and O.
Nierstrasz",
title = "{KNOs}: {KNowledge} Acquisition, Dissemination, and
Manipulation Objects",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "1",
pages = "96--112",
month = jan,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Object-Oriented Systems.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Most object-oriented systems lack two useful
facilities: the ability of objects to migrate to new
environments and the ability to acquire new operations
dynamically. This paper proposes Knos, an
object-oriented environment that supports these
actions. Knos's operations, data structures, and
communication mechanisms are discussed. Knos objects
`learn' by exporting and importing new or modified
operations. The use of such objects as intellectual
support tools is outlined. In particular, various
applications involving cooperation, negotiation, and
apprenticeship among objects are described.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ de Geneve, Geneva, Switz",
classification = "723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence ---
Applications; computer programming languages ---
Design; computer systems programming; Concurrent
programming; concurrent programming; data processing
--- Data Structures; Data types and structures; Design;
distributed knowledge; Distributed knowledge;
Information systems applications; knowledge
acquisition; Knowledge representation formalisms and
methods; Language constructs; Languages; Messages;
Multiprocessing Programs; object-oriented systems;
Objects; Office and application support tools; office
automation; Office automation; Programming languages;
Programming techniques",
}
@Article{Grief:1987:EIS,
author = "I. Grief and C. Ellis",
title = "Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "113--114",
month = apr,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Malone:1987:SMS,
author = "Thomas W. Malone and Kenneth R. Grant and Kum-Yew Lai
and Ramana Rao and David Rosenblitt",
title = "Semistructured Messages are Surprisingly Useful for
Computer-Supported Coordination",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "115--131",
month = apr,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper argues that using a set of semistructured
message templates is surprisingly helpful in designing
a variety of computer-based communication and
coordination systems. Semistructured messages can help
provide automatic aids for (1) composing messages to be
sent, (2) selecting, sorting, and prioritizing messages
that are received, (3) responding automatically to some
messages, and (4) suggesting likely responses to other
messages. The use of these capabilities is illustrated
in a range of applications including electronic mail,
computer conferencing, calendar management, and task
tracking. The applications show how ideas from
artificial intelligence (such as inheritance and
production rules) and ideas from user interface design
(such as interactive graphical editors) can be combined
in novel ways for dealing with semistructural messages.
The final part of the paper discusses how communities
can evolve a useful set of message type definitions.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; artificial intelligence; Artificial
intelligence; Communications applications; computer
conferencing; computer-supported cooperative work;
Computer-supported cooperative work; Content analysis
and indexing; Data description languages (DDL); Data
models; Database management; Design; Distributed
systems; Document preparation; Economics; electronic
mail; Format and notation; Frames and scripts; Human
factors; information lens; Information Lens;
information retrieval systems; information science;
information sharing; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Knowledge
representation formalisms and methods; Languages;
Logical design; Management; Models and principles;
Office automation; office automation; Office
automation; Representations; Schema and subschema;
semistructured messages; Semistructured messages;
Systems; Systems and software; teleconferencing; Text
processing; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Cook:1987:PNM,
author = "Peter Cook and Clarence Ellis and Mike Graf and Gail
Rein and Tom Smith",
title = "{Project Nick}: Meetings Augmentation and Analysis",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "132--146",
month = apr,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The Software Technology Program of MCC is
investigating the early part of the design process,
before requirements are established, for large-scale
distributed systems. Face-to-face meetings are an
important activity during this phase of a project since
they provide a medium for direction, exploration, and
consensus building. Project Nick is attempting to apply
automated facilities to the process, conduct, and
semantic capture of design meetings. Primary topics
covered in this paper are meeting analysis, meeting
augmentation, and a model of meeting progression that
serves as the framework for our work.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "MCC Technology Corp, Austin, TX, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computer software; Conferences design; conferences
design; Conversations; Decision support; decision
support; Design; Electronic blackboard; electronic
blackboard; Facilitation; General; information science;
Information systems applications; Management; Meeting
augmentation; Models and principles; Models of
meetings; Presentation; Semantic capture; semantic
capture; Software engineering; software technology
program; teleconferencing; Types of systems;
User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Stefik:1987:WRE,
author = "M. Stefik and D. G. Borrow and G. Foster and S.
Lanning and D. Tatar",
title = "{WYSIWIS} Revised: Early Experiences with Multiuser
Interfaces",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "147--167",
month = apr,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "WYSIWIS (What You See Is What I See) is a foundational
abstraction for multiuser interfaces that expresses may
of the characteristics of a chalkboard in face-to-face
meetings. In its strictest interpretation, it means
that everyone can also see the same written information
and also see where anyone else is pointing. In our
attempts to build software support for collaboration in
meetings, we have discovered that WYSIWIS is crucial,
yet too inflexible when strictly enforced. This paper
is about the design issues and choices that arose in
our first generation of meeting tools based on
WYSIWIS.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Cent, Palo Alto, CA, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Collaborative systems; computer-supported
collaboration; Computer-supported collaboration;
Computer-supported group work; computer-supported
meetings; Computer-supported meetings; computers;
Design; Human factors; Human information processing;
information retrieval systems; Information systems
applications; meeting room; Miscellaneous; Models and
principles; multiuser interfaces; Multiuser interfaces;
office automation; personal; Software engineering;
systems science and cybernetics --- Man Machine
Systems; Tools and techniques; Types of systems; User
interfaces; User/machine systems; wysiwis; WYSIWIS",
}
@Article{Delisle:1987:CPC,
author = "Norman M. Delisle and Mayer D. Schwartz",
title = "Contexts --- {A} Partitioning Concept for Hypertext",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "168--186",
month = apr,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Hypertext systems provide good information management
support for a wide variety of documentation efforts.
These efforts range from developing software to writing
a book. However, existing hypertext systems provide
poor support for collaboration among teams of authors.
This paper starts by briefly describing properties a
several existing hypertext systems. Then several models
for forming partitions in a hypertext database are
examined and contexts, a partitioning scheme that
supports multiperson cooperative efforts, are
introduced. The semantic issues involved in defining
contexts are explored in detail.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Tektronix Inc, Beaverton, OR, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Cooperative work; database systems; Design; document
preparation; Document preparation; hypertext systems;
Hypertext systems; Inf. storage and retrieval; Inf.
systems applications; information retrieval systems;
Management; Office automation; office automation; Sys.
and software; Text processing; text processing; Version
control",
}
@Article{Greif:1987:DSG,
author = "Irene Greif and Sunil Sarin",
title = "Data Sharing in Group Work",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "2",
pages = "187--211",
month = apr,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Data sharing is fundamental to computer-supported
cooperative work: People share information through
explicit communication channels and through their
coordinated use of shared databases. This paper
examines the data management requirements of group work
applications on the basis of experience with three
prototype systems and on observations from the
literature. Database and object management technologies
that support these requirements are briefly surveyed,
and unresolved issues in the particular areas of access
control and concurrency control are identified for
future research.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computer-supported cooperative work;
Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW); data
abstraction; data sharing in group work; Database
applications; Database management; database management;
Database management; database systems; Design;
information retrieval systems; information science;
Languages; Logical design; office automation; real-time
conferencing; Sys.; teleconferencing",
}
@Article{Chang:1987:KBM,
author = "Shi-Kuo Chang and L. Leung",
title = "A Knowledge-Based Message Management System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "213--236",
month = jul,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The design approach of a knowledge-based message
management system is described. A linguistic message
filter is used to filter out junk messages. Relevant
messages are then processed by an expert system, driven
by user-defined alerter rules. An alerter rule base for
a secretarial office is illustrated. Further research
topics in knowledge-base design, evaluation, and
learning are also discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
classification = "718; 721; 722; 723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Expert
Systems; computer networks --- Applications;
Computer-communication networks; computers; Data
Communication Systems; Database alerting technique;
Design; digital; Distr. databases; Distr. systems;
Expert system; Information systems applications;
knowledge-based system; Knowledge-based system;
management --- Information Systems; Message filter;
Office automation; office automation; office
information system; Office information system",
}
@Article{Faloutsos:1987:DPA,
author = "Christos Faloutsos and Stavros Christodoulakis",
title = "Description and Performance Analysis of Signature File
Methods for Office Filing",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "237--257",
month = jul,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Signature files have attracted a lot of interest as an
access method for text and specifically for messages in
the office environment. Messages are stored
sequentially in the message file, whereas their
hash-coded abstractions (signatures) are stored
sequentially in the signature file. To answer a query,
the signature file is examined first, and many
nonqualifying messages are immediately rejected. In
this paper we examine the problem of designing
signature extraction methods and studying their
performance. We describe two old methods, generalize
another one, and propose a new method and its
variation. We provide exact and approximate formulas
for the dependency between the false drop probability
and the signature size for all the methods, and we show
that the proposed method (VBC) achieves approximately
ten times smaller false drop probability than the old
methods, whereas it is well suited for collections of
documents with variable document sizes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Access methods; Applications; Database management;
database systems; Design; Document retrieval;
electronic message filing; General; Inf. storage and
retrieval; Information retrieval; information retrieval
systems --- Online Searching; Information systems
applications; libraries --- Automation; Library
automation; office automation; Office automation;
Performance; Physical design; Signature files;
Superimposed coding; Text processing; Text retrieval;
TOOIS TOIS Database management",
}
@Article{Brown:1987:ESP,
author = "Polly S. Brown and John D. Gould",
title = "An Experimental Study of People Creating
Spreadsheets",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "258--272",
month = jul,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Nine experienced users of electronic spreadsheets each
created three spreadsheets. Although participants were
quite confident that their spreadsheets were accurate,
44 percent of the spreadsheets contained user-generated
programming errors. With regard to the spreadsheet
creation process, we found that experienced spreadsheet
users spend a large percentage of their time using the
cursor keys, primarily for the purpose of moving the
cursor around the spreadsheet. Users did not spend a
lot of time planning before launching into spreadsheet
creation, nor did they spend much time in a separate,
systematic debugging stage. Participants spent 21
percent of their time pausing, presumably reading
and\slash or thinking, prior to the initial keystrokes
of spreadsheet creation episodes.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
classification = "461; 722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applicative languages; applicative programming
languages; computer interfaces --- Human Factors;
computer programming; Human factors; Language
classifications; Performance; Programming errors;
Programming languages; Spreadsheet; Spreadsheets",
}
@Article{Sassone:1987:CBM,
author = "Peter G. Sassone",
title = "Cost-Benefit Methodology for Office Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "3",
pages = "273--289",
month = jul,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The time savings times salary (TSTS) approach is a
widely used methodology for the financial justification
of office information systems, yet its theoretical
basis is largely unexplored. In this paper, we identify
its underlying economic model, including five critical
assumptions. We find that the model, though somewhat
restrictive, is not unreasonable. However, we find that
the time-saving-times-salary calculation, per se, is
implicitly based on a very particular assumption about
how saved time will be used. This assumption has
neither a behavioral nor normative basis, and we
conclude that the TSTS calculation is not meaningful in
most cases. An alternate approach, the hedonic wage
model, is proposed. This model overcomes most of the
deficiencies of the TSTS approach, although it has
somewhat greater data requirements and computational
complexity. A case study illustrating the use of the
hedonic wage model is presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Georgia Inst of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Computers and society; Cost benefit; cost-benefit
analysis; Economics; Effectiveness; Efficiency;
engineering --- Project Management; Equipment;
Financial analysis; General; Hedonic wage model;
Information Systems; Information systems applications;
Management; management; Management of computing and
information systems; Measurement; Models and
principles; office automation; Office automation;
Organizational impacts; Performance; Productivity;
Project and people management; Resource allocation;
Sys. and information theory; Systems analysis and
design; Theory; Time savings; value of information;
Value of information; Work profile matrix",
}
@Article{Kaye:1987:CKB,
author = "A. Roger Kaye and Gerald M. Karam",
title = "Cooperating Knowledge-Based Assistants for the
Office",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "297--326",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper presents an approach to high-level support
of office workers by embedding office knowledge in a
network of distributed cooperating knowledge-based or
expert `assistants' and servers. These knowledge-based
systems incorporate both factual and procedural
knowledge and are capable of making use of existing
conventional office technology. They constitute a form
of computer-supported cooperative work. We describe a
common architecture for our assistants and servers that
incorporates several key features. The various
assistants and servers, which may reside on different
machines, cooperate in solving problems or completing
tasks by passing messages. We propose a taxonomy of the
general office knowledge normally used by office
workers, together with a frame and rule-based knowledge
representation scheme. We also describe an experimental
systems, written in PROLOG, that incorporates the above
design principles.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Carleton Univ, Ottawa, Ont, Can",
classification = "722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Expert
Systems; collaborative systems; Collaborative systems;
Computer-communication networks; Computer-supported
cooperative work; cooperating expert systems; Design;
Distr. applications; Distr. systems; Distributed
systems; Experimentation; Expert systems; Information
systems applications; knowledge-based systems;
Knowledge-based systems; Office automation; office
automation; Office automation; Theory",
}
@Article{Greif:1987:ISS,
author = "I. Greif",
title = "Introduction to the Special Section",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "327--327",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Clement:1987:EOI,
author = "Andrew Clement and C. C. Gotlieb",
title = "Evolution of an Organizational Interface: the New
Business Department at a Large Insurance Firm",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "328--339",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper describes how the work organization and
computer system of the New Business Department at a
large life insurance firm have interacted and evolved
over time. The dynamics of interaction are explained
largely in terms of the economic incentive to reduce
the length of transaction-processing chains and the
more political goal of extending managerial control. It
is argued that examining the interaction of
organizations and computer systems can contribute to a
better theoretical understanding of the development of
large computer systems and offer guidance to designers
of user-computer interfaces. A graphical technique for
depicting organizational interfaces is presented.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "York Univ, North York, Ont, Can",
classification = "722; 723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Business case study; computer systems; Computers and
society; Design; digital --- On Line Operation; Human
factors; industrial insurance; insurance firm;
Management; management --- Information Systems;
Management of computing and information systems;
Managerial control; office automation; On-line computer
system; Organizational impacts; organizational
interface; Organizational interface; Organizational
study; Project and people management; Systems
development",
}
@Article{Ehrlich:1987:SES,
author = "Susan F. Ehrlich",
title = "Strategies for Encouraging Successful Adoption of
Office Communication Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "340--357",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The adoption of new computer communication systems
into organizations requires behavioral change. Planning
for successful adoption requires knowledge of
individual organizational communication patterns and
the relationship between those patterns and particular
communication system solutions. This paper documents a
sequence of studies of organizational communication.
Needs for office communication systems were identified,
as were social and psychological factors temporarily
inhibiting their use. Strategies for assuring smooth
adoption of such systems are highlighted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Wang Lab, Lowell, MA, USA",
classification = "722; 723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Adoption; Communication; Communications applications;
Computer applications; computers; Computers and
society; Data Communication Systems; electronic mail;
Electronic mail; Human factors; Inf. systems
applications; Installation management; management ---
Information Systems; Management of computing and
information systems; office automation; Office
automation; Office systems; organizational
communication; Organizational impacts; Performance and
usage measurement; Psychology; Social and behavioral
sciences; Sociology; voice mail; Voice mail",
wwwtitle = "Strategies of Encouraging Successful Adoption of
Office Communication Systems.",
}
@Article{Gould:1987:BEH,
author = "John D. Gould and Josiane Salaun",
title = "Behavioral Experiments on Handmarkings",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "358--377",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Section: Selected Papers from CHI+GI '87.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Handmarkings or handwritten editing marks can be used
as direct editing commands to an interactive computer
systems. Five exploratory experiments studied the
potential value of handmarkings for editing text and
pictures, as well as for some specific results. Circles
are the most frequently used scoping mark, and arrows
are the most frequently used operator and target
indicators. Experimental comparisons showed that
handmarkings have the potential to be faster than
keyboards and mice for editing tasks. Their ultimate
value will, however, depend on the style and details of
their user-interface implementation.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
classification = "461; 723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "computer-human interaction; Computer-human
interaction; Direct manipulation; editing commands;
engineering psychology; Engineering psychology;
Experimentation; Gestures; handmarkings; Handmarkings;
human engineering; Human factors; information science;
Man Machine Systems; Miscellaneous; Models and
principles; Software; Software psychology; systems
science and cybernetics; Terminal design; user
interface; User interface; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Rada:1987:ATI,
author = "Roy Rada and Brian K. Martin",
title = "Augmenting Thesauri for Information Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "378--392",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A thesaurus can be a critical component of an office
information system. Access to various sets of documents
can be facilitated by thesauri and by the connections
that are made among thesauri. In the projects described
in this paper, the thesauri are stored and manipulated
through a relational database management system. The
system detects inheritance properties in a thesaurus
and uses them to guide a human expert in decisions
about how to augment the thesaurus. New strategies will
extend our ability to augment existing thesauri.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Natl Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA",
classification = "723; 903; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; artificial intelligence --- Expert
Systems; Content analysis and indexing; database
systems --- Relational; Design; Inf. storage and
retrieval; information science --- Vocabulary Control;
Information Systems; knowledge representation;
Knowledge representation formalisms and methods;
management; Office automation; Relation systems;
Relational database management systems; thesauri;
Thesauri",
}
@Article{Whang:1987:OEI,
author = "Kyu-Young Whang and Art Ammann and Anthony Bolmarcich
and Maria Hanrahan and Guy Hochgesang and Kuan-Tsae
Huang and Al Khorasani and Ravi Krishnamurthy and Gary
Sockut and Paula Sweeney and Vance Waddle and Moshe
Zloof",
title = "{Office-by-Example}: An Integrated Office System and
Database Manager",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "5",
number = "4",
pages = "393--427",
month = oct,
year = "1987",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Office-by-Example (OBE) is an integrated office
information system that has been under development at
IBM Research. OBE, an extension of Query-by-Example,
supports various office features such as database
tables, word processing, electronic, mail, graphics,
images, and so forth. These seemingly heterogeneous
features are integrated through a language feature
called example elements. Applications involving example
elements are processed by the database manager, an
integrated part of the OBE system. In this paper, we
describe the facilities and architecture of the OBE
system and discuss the techniques for integrating
heterogeneous objects.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA",
classification = "723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Access methods; Algorithms; Communications
applications; Computer graphics; Concurrency; Data
storage representations; Database management; database
systems --- Query Languages; Document preparation;
Electronic mail; General; Human factors; Image
processing; Image processing software; Information
systems applications; integrated office system;
Integration; Integrity; Interaction techniques;
Languages; Logical design; Management; management ---
Information Systems; Memory-resident database;
Methodology and techniques; Models and principles;
Office automation; office automation;
office-by-example; Operating systems; Parsing;
Performance; Physical design; Process management;
Processors; Programming languages; Protection; Query
languages; Query optimization; Query processing;
Recovery and restart; Screen management; Security;
Systems; Text processing; Two-dimensional parsing;
two-dimensional parsing; User/machine systems; Word
processing",
}
@Article{Bertino:1988:QPM,
author = "Elisa Bertino and Fausto Rabitti and Simon Gibbs",
title = "Query Processing in a Multimedia Document System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "1--41",
month = jan,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Query processing in a multimedia document system is
described. Multimedia documents are information objects
containing formatted data, text, image, graphics and
voice. The query language is based on a conceptual
document model that allows the users to formulate
queries on both document content and structure. The
architecture of the system is outlined, with focus on
the storage organization in which both optical and
magnetic devices can coexist. Query processing and the
different strategies evaluated by our optimization
algorithm are discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Istituto di Elaborazione della Informazione,
Pisa, Italy",
classification = "723; 903; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Algorithms; Data models; Database management; database
systems; Design; information retrieval systems ---
Online Searching; Information storage and retrieval;
Information systems applications; Languages; Logical
design; management --- Information Systems; multimedia
information technology; office automation; Office
automation; office document retrieval system; Office
document retrieval systems; Query languages; Query
Languages; query optimization; Query optimization;
Query processing; Systems; Systems and software",
wwwauthor = "E. Bertino, S. Gibbs, and F. Rabitti",
}
@Article{Croft:1988:IRS,
author = "W. Bruce Croft and Pasquale Savino",
title = "Implementing Ranking Strategies Using Text
Signatures",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "42--62",
month = jan,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Signature files provide an efficient access method for
text in documents, but retrieval is usually limited to
finding documents that contain a specified Boolean
pattern of word. Effective retrieval requires that
documents with similar meanings be found through a
process of plausible inference. The simplest way of
implementing this retrieval process is to rank
documents in order of their probability of relevance.
In this paper techniques are described for implementing
probabilistic ranking strategies with sequential and
bit-sliced signature files and the limitations of these
implementations with regard to their effectiveness are
pointed out. A detail comparison is made between
signature based ranking techniques and ranking using
term-based document representatives and inverted files.
The comparison shows that term-based representations
are at least competitive (in terms of efficiency) with
signature files and, in some situations, superior.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA",
classification = "723; 731; 903; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Access methods; Database management; database systems;
Design; Document retrieval; Effectiveness; Inf. storage
and retrieval; Information retrieval; information
retrieval systems --- Online Searching; Information
systems applications; libraries --- Automation; Library
automation; management --- Information Systems; office
automation; Office automation; Performance; Physical
design; probabilistic retrieval; Probabilistic
retrieval; ranking strategy; Ranking strategy;
Signature file; Text retrieval",
wwwtitle = "Improving the Effectiveness of Signature-Based
Retrieval",
}
@Article{Postel:1988:EMM,
author = "Jonathan B. Postel and Gregory G. Finn and Alan R.
Katz and Joyce K. Reynolds",
title = "An Experimental Multimedia Mail System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "63--81",
month = jan,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "With multimedia computer-based mail, a user may create
messages containing text, image, and voice data and
send such messages to other users within a computer
network. In this paper a computer-based experimental
multimedia mail system that allows the user to read,
create, edit, send, and receive messages containing
text, images and voice is discussed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliationaddress = "Univ of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA,
USA",
classification = "721; 722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "arpanet; ARPANET; Bitmap; Communications applications;
Computer communication networks; computer networks ---
Local Networks; computer software --- Software
Engineering; computers; Data Communication Systems;
Design; digital; Distr. applications; Distr. systems;
Document preparation; electronic mail; Electronic mail;
Facsimile; Format and notation; Image; Information
systems applications; Internet; Mail protocol;
management --- Information Systems; Message system;
Multimedia mail; Packet voice; Performance; Software
engineering; Text processing; Tools and techniques;
User interfaces",
}
@Article{Winograd:1988:GEI,
author = "T. Winograd",
title = "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction to the Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "83--86",
month = apr,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action
Perspective.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Lee:1988:BDS,
author = "Ronald M. Lee",
title = "Bureaucracies as Deontic Systems",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "87--108",
month = apr,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action
Perspective.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Bureaucratic offices are not only for clerical work,
but more importantly, they are for officiating in the
sense of issuing directives, granting permissions,
enforcing prohibitions, waiving obligations, and so
forth. Bureaucracies are thus deontic systems for
organizational and social control. Conventional
information processing approaches are inadequate for
capturing these aspects of bureaucratic modeling. A
logic-based representation that emphasizes deontic and
performative aspects is proposed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Univ of Texas",
affiliationaddress = "Austin, TX, USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Administrative data processing; Artificial
intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Bureaucracy;
Computer applications; Data Processing--Data
Description; Decision support (MIS); Deontic logic;
Deontic Systems; Design; Inf. systems applications;
Information Systems; Knowledge Representation;
Knowledge representation formalisms and methods;
Languages; Management; Management of computing and
information systems; Petri Nets; Petri nets; Predicate
logic; Representations (procedural and rule-based);
System management; Types of systems",
}
@Article{Holt:1988:DNL,
author = "Anatol W. Holt",
title = "{Diplans}: {A} New Language for the Study and
Implementation of Coordination",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "109--125",
month = apr,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action
Perspective.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "In this paper the reader is introduced to coordination
in the workplace as an object of scientific study and
computer automation. Diplans are the expressions of a
new graphical language used to describe plans of
operation in human organizations. With diplans, systems
of constraint, which may or may not take the form of
procedure definitions, can be specified. Among the
special strengths of diplans is their ability to render
explicit the interactive aspects of complex work
distributed over many people and places --- in other
words, coordination. Diplans are central to
coordination technology, a new approach to developing
support for cooperative work on heterogeneous computer
networks.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Coordination Technology Inc",
affiliationaddress = "Trumbull, CT, USA",
classification = "718; 722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Communications applications; Computer Networks;
Computer Programming Languages--Applications; Computer
Systems; Computer-communication networks;
Computer-Communication Networks; Computers and society;
Design; Digital--Distributed; Diplans; Distr. systems;
Inf. systems applications; Information Systems
applications; Office Automation; Office automation;
Organizational impacts; Theory",
}
@Article{Auramaki:1988:SAB,
author = "Esa Auramaki and Erkki Lehtinen and Kalle Lyytinen",
title = "A Speech-Act-Based Office Modeling Approach",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "126--152",
month = apr,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action
Perspective.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "In this paper methods and principles that help to
analyze offices as systems of communicative action are
explored. In communicative action, office agents create
commitments through symbolic means. A SAMPO
(Speech-Act-based office Modeling aPprOach), which
studies office activities as a series of speech acts
creating, maintaining, modifying, reporting, and
terminating commitments, is presented. The main steps
and methods in the office system specification are
outlined and their application illustrated through a
simple example. In the final section advantages and
disadvantages in the SAMPO are noted and some research
directions for the future are suggested.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Univ of Jyvaskyla",
affiliationaddress = "Jyvaskyla, Finl",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Artificial Intelligence--Expert Systems;
Communications applications; Computer
Software--Software Engineering; Design; Discourse
analysis; Human factors; Inf. systems applications;
Information Systems; Information systems applications;
Management; Natural language processing; Natural
Language Processing; Office automation; Office
Automation; Office information system;
Requirements/specifications; Software engineering;
Specification and analysis; Speech act models",
}
@Article{Flores:1988:CSD,
author = "Fernando Flores and Michael Graves and Brad Hartfield
and Terry Winograd",
title = "Computer Systems and the Design of Organizational
Interaction",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "153--172",
month = apr,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action
Perspective.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The goal of this paper is to relate theory to
invention and application in the design of systems for
organizational communication and management. We propose
and illustrate a theory of design, technology, and
action that we believe has been missing in the
mainstream of work on office systems. At the center of
our thinking is a theory of language as social action,
which differs from the generally taken-for-granted
understandings of what goes on in an organization. This
approach has been presented elsewhere, and our aim here
is to examine its practical implications and assess its
effectiveness in the design of The Coordinator, a
workgroup productivity system that is in widespread
commercial use on personal computers.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Action Technologies",
affiliationaddress = "Emeryville, CA, USA",
classification = "723; 912",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Communications applications; Conversation;
Coordination; Design; Electronic mail; Electronic
Mail--Applications; Human factors; Inf. systems
application; Inf. systems applications;
Language/action; Management; Management--Information
Systems; Office automation; Office Automation;
Ontology; Organizational Communication; Speech act; The
Coordinator",
}
@Article{Suchman:1988:DUB,
author = "L. Suchman",
title = "Designing with the User (book review)",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "2",
pages = "173--183",
month = apr,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Special Issue on the Language\slash Action
Perspective. Review of {\em Computers and Democracy: A
Scandinavian Challenge}, G. Bjerknes, P. Ehn, and M.
Kyng, Eds. Gower Press, Brookfield, VT, 1987.",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Motro:1988:VUI,
author = "Amihai Motro",
title = "{VAGUE}: {A} User Interface to Relational Databases
that Permits Vague Queries",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "187--214",
month = jul,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "A specific query establishes a rigid qualification and
is concerned only with data that match it precisely. A
vague query establishes a target qualification and is
concerned also with data that are close to this target.
This article describes a system called VAGUE that can
handle vague queries directly. The principal concept
behind VAGUE is its extension to the relational data
model with data metrics, which are definitions of
distances between values of the same domain. A problem
with implementing data distances is that different
users may have different interpretations for the notion
of distance. VAGUE incorporates several features that
enable it to adapt itself to the individual views and
priorities of its users.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Univ of Southern California",
affiliationaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Approximate Match Retrieval; Approximate match
retrieval; Business--Database Systems; Data Metric;
Data metric; Data models; Data Processing; Data
Processing--Database Systems; Database; Database
management; Database Management; Database management;
Database Systems; Design; Human factors; Information
Retrieval Systems; Information search and retrieval;
Information storage and retrieval; Languages; Logical
design; Neighborhood query; Query languages; Query
processing; Relational; Relational Database; Relational
database; Retrieval models; Systems; User Interface;
User interface; Vague Query; Vague query",
}
@Article{Neches:1988:KBT,
author = "Robert Neches",
title = "Knowledge-Based Tools to Promote Shared Goals and
Terminology Between Interface Designers",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "215--231",
month = jul,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Two tools that support cooperation are described: one
for the construction of consistent and principled
human-computer interfaces and the other for the
construction of AI knowledge bases. The AI knowledge
representation technology upon which the tools are
founded is first described. A knowledge-based approach
to interface construction is discussed, and how that
approach applies to detecting design conflicts and
inconsistencies stemming from two different kinds of
team communication failure is illustrated. Next, a
knowledge acquisition aid that is utilized within the
interface construction paradigm and that also
illustrates the same approach to supporting cooperative
work is described. Finally, four sources of difficulty
in team design efforts, which this approach seeks to
address, are reviewed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Univ of Southern California",
affiliationaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
classification = "722; 723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "ai Knowledge Bases; Artificial Intelligence;
Artificial intelligence; Computer Interfaces; Computer
Software--Software Engineering; Cooperative work;
Design; Design tools; Human-Computer Interfaces;
Intelligent Support Tools; Interface Designers;
Knowledge bases; Man Machine Systems; Office
automation; Programming teams; Software engineering;
Systems Science and Cybernetics; User Interfaces; User
interfaces",
}
@Article{Pollock:1988:RBM,
author = "Stephen Pollock",
title = "A Rule-Based Message Filtering System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "232--254",
month = jul,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Much computerized support for knowledge workers has
consisted of tools to handle low-level functions such
as distribution, storage, and retrieval of information.
However, the higher level processes of making decisions
and taking actions with respect to this information
have not been supported to the same degree. This paper
describes the ISCREEN prototype system for screening
text messages. ISCREEN includes a high-level interface
for users to define rules, a component that screens
text messages, and a conflict detection component that
examines rules for inconsistencies. An explanation
component uses text generation to answer user queries
about past or potential system actions based on Grice's
conversational maxims.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Bell-Northern Research",
affiliationaddress = "Toronto, Ont, Can",
classification = "723",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Artificial
intelligence; Communications applications; Computer
Operating Systems--Report Generators; Computer
Programming Languages; Cooperative tools; Electronic
Mail; Electronic mail; Explanation systems; Human
factors; Human factors Inf. systems applications; Inf.
systems; Intelligent Interfaces; Intelligent
interfaces; Language generation; Man Machine Systems;
Message Filtering System; Natural language processing;
Natural Language Processing; Office automation; Office
Automation; Systems Science and Cybernetics; Text
Generation; Text generation; User/machine systems",
}
@Article{Rice:1988:AUO,
author = "Ronald E. Rice and Donald E. Shook",
title = "Access to, Usage of, and Outcomes from an Electronic
Messaging System",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "255--276",
month = jul,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This study examines relationships among perceived
accessibility to an electronic messaging system (EMS),
computer-monitored and reported usage of the system by
approximately 100 employees of one division of an
aerospace firm, user's job type, perceived
appropriateness of the EMS, and reported outcomes such
as changes in effectiveness and use of paper-based
media. The article ends by discussing implications for
implementation and evaluation of computer-based
communication systems, theories of media
characteristics and information value, and
methodological issues in using computer-monitored usage
data.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Univ of Southern California",
affiliationaddress = "Los Angeles, CA, USA",
classification = "723; 903",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Accessibility; Business; Communication Augmentation;
Communication augmentation; Communications
applications; Computer Monitored Data; Computer system
implementation; Computer-monitored data; Computers and
society; Data Processing; Electronic Mail; Electronic
mail; Electronic Messaging System; Inf. systems
applications; Information Retrieval Systems;
Installation management; Life cycle; Management;
Management of computing and information systems;
Measurement; Media Substitutability; Media
substitutability; Miscellaneous; Organizational
impacts; Performance; Performance and usage
measurement; Project and people management",
}
@Article{Pahlavan:1988:WIN,
author = "K. Pahlavan",
title = "Wireless Intraoffice Networks",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "3",
pages = "277--302",
month = jul,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "An overview of the existing and growing demands for
wireless office information networks is provided, and
the existing research activities are assessed in some
detail. The radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR)
communication technologies are examined as candidates
for wireless intraoffice communications. The available
bandwidths, according to federal regulations and
characteristics of the channel for RF communications,
are given. Digital narrow-band and wideband
spread-spectrum RF communications are assessed in terms
of supportable data rate or number of simultaneous
users in one cell of a cellular architecture in an
office environment. Various limitations of IR
communications are discussed and existing systems and
architectures are reviewed.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Worcester Polytechnic Inst",
classification = "716; 723; 741",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Analysis; Business; Cellular networks; Computer
Communication Networks; Computer Networks;
Computer-communication networks; Data Processing;
Design; Equipment; General literature; General
Literature; General systems theory; Information systems
applications; Infrared networks; Infrared Networks;
Introductory and survey; Local networks; Models and
principles; Network architecture and design; Office
automation; Office Automation; Optical Data Processing;
Optical networks; Packet networks; Performance; Radio
Communication; Radio networks; Radio Networks; Spread
spectrum; Systems and information theory; Theory;
Wireless Intraoffice Networks; Wireless networks",
}
@Article{Greif:1988:EIS,
author = "I. Greif",
title = "Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "301--302",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 16:21:56 MST 1999",
bibsource = "http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}
@Article{Conklin:1988:GHT,
author = "Jeff Conklin and Michael L. Begeman",
title = "{gIBIS}: {A} Hypertext Tool for Exploratory Policy
Discussion",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "303--331",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper describes an application-specific hypertext
system designed to facilitate the capture of early
design deliberations. It implements a specific method,
called Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS), which
has been developed for use on large, complex design
problems. The hypertext system described here, gIBIS
(for graphical IBIS), makes use of color and a
high-speed relational database server to facilitate
building and browsing typed IBIS networks. Further,
gIBIS is designed to support the collaborative
construction of these networks by any number of
cooperating team members spread across a local area
network. Early experiments suggest that the IBIS method
is still incomplete, but there is a good match between
the tool and method even in this experimental
version.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "MCC Software Technology Program",
affiliationaddress = "Austin, TX, USA",
classification = "723",
conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Administrative data processing; Communications
applications; Computer Aided Design; Computer
Graphics--Color; Computer Supported Cooperative Work;
Database Systems--Relational; Decision support (e.g.;
Design; Documentation; Exploratory Policy Discussion;
General; gibis; Graphical ibis; Hypertext; Information
systems applications; Issue Based Information Systems;
Issue-based information systems; Management;
Methodologies; MIS); Models and principles; Office
Automation; Planning; Requirements/specifications;
Software engineering; Tools; Tools and techniques; Type
of systems; User/machine systems",
meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988",
meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88",
sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp;
Xerox Corp",
}
@Article{Lai:1988:OLS,
author = "Kum-Yew Lai and Thomas W. Malone and Keh-Chiang Yu",
title = "{Object Lens}: {A} `Spreadsheet' for Cooperative
Work",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "332--353",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "Object Lens allows unsophisticated computer users to
create their own cooperative work applications using a
set of simple, but powerful, building blocks. By
defining and modifying templates for various
semistructured objects, users can represent information
about people, tasks, products, messages, and many other
kinds of information in a form that can be processed
intelligently by both people and their computers. By
collecting these objects in customizable folders, users
can create their own displays which summarize selected
information from the objects in table or tree formats.
Finally, by creating semiautonomous agents, users can
specify rules for automatically processing this
information in different ways at different times. The
combination of these primitives provides a single
consistent interface that integrates facilities for
object-oriented databases, hypertext, electronic
messaging, and rule-based intelligent agents. To
illustrate the power of this combined approach, we
describe several simple examples of applications (such
as task tracking, intelligent message routing, and
database retrieval) that we have developed in this
framework.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "MIT",
affiliationaddress = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
classification = "722; 723",
conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Applications and expert systems; Artificial
intelligence; Artificial Intelligence--Expert Systems;
Communications applications; Computer Interfaces;
Computer Programming--Spreadsheet; Computer Supported
Cooperative Work; Computer-supported cooperative work;
Content analysis and indexing; Data description
languages (DDL); Data models; Database management;
Database Systems; Design; Distributed systems; Document
preparation; Economics; Electronic Messaging; Format
and notation; Frames and scripts; Human factors;
Hypertext; Information Lens; Information storage and
retrieval; Information systems applications;
Intelligent agents; Knowledge representation formalisms
and methods; Languages; Logical design; Management;
Models and principles; Object Lens; Object-oriented
databases; Office automation; Office Automation; Office
automation; Representations; Schema and subschema;
Semiformal systems; Systems; Systems and software; Text
processing; User/machine systems",
meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988",
meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88",
sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp;
Xerox Corp",
}
@Article{Eveland:1988:WGS,
author = "J. D. Eveland and T. K. Bikson",
title = "Work Group Structures and Computer Support: {A} Field
Experiment",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "354--379",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This field experiment created two task forces, each
composed equally of recently retired employees and
employees still at work but eligible to retire. They
were given the identical tasks of preparing reports for
their company on retirement planning issues, but they
were randomly assigned to different technology
conditions. One group had full conventional office
support; the other had, in addition, networked
microcomputers with electronic mail and routine office
software. Although both groups produced effective
reports, the two differed significantly in the kind of
work they produced, the group structures that emerged,
and evaluations of their own performance. We conclude
that use of computer support for cooperative work
results in both quantitative and qualitative changes
but that effective participation in such electronically
supported groups requires significant investments of
time and energy on the part of its members to master
the technology and a relatively high level of
assistance during the learning process.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Rand Corp",
affiliationaddress = "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
classification = "722; 723; 922",
conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "anova; Communication; Communications applications;
Computer Networks; Computer Supported Cooperative Work;
Computer Systems; Computer-supported cooperative work
(CSCW); Computers and society; Digital; Electronic
Mail; Electronic mail; Employment; Experimentation;
Group processes; Human factors; Inf. systems
applications; Management; Office Automation;
Organizational impacts; Social issues; Social
structures; Statistical Methods; Work Group
Structures",
meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988",
meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88",
sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp;
Xerox Corp",
}
@Article{Mackay:1988:DUE,
author = "Wendy E. Mackay",
title = "Diversity in the Use of Electronic Mail: {A}
Preliminary Inquiry",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "380--397",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "This paper describes a series of interviews that
examine the ways that professional office workers use
electronic mail to manage their daily work. The purpose
is to generate hypotheses for future research. A number
of implications for the design of flexible mail systems
are discussed. Two principal claims are made. First,
the use of electronic mail is strikingly diverse,
although not infinitely so. Individuals vary both in
objective measure of mail use and in preferred
strategies for managing work electronically. Feelings
of control are similarly diverse. This diversity
implies that one's own experiences with electronic mail
are unlikely to provide sufficient understanding of
other's uses of mail. The second claim is that
electronic mail is more than just a communication
system. Users archive messages for subject retrieval,
prioritize messages to sequence work activities, and
delegate tasks via mail. A taxonomy of work management
is proposed in which mail is used for information
management, time management, and task management
activities.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "MIT",
affiliationaddress = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
classification = "461; 723",
conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Computer Supported Cooperative Work;
Computer-supported cooperative work; Electronic mail;
Electronic Mail; Human factors; Human Factors; Inf.
systems applications; Information filtering;
Information Lens; Management; Office Automation; Task
management; Task Management; Time management; Time
Management",
meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988",
meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88",
sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp;
Xerox Corp",
}
@Article{Trigg:1988:GTT,
author = "Randall H. Trigg",
title = "Guided Tours and Tabletops: Tools for Communicating in
a Hypertext Environment",
journal = j-TOOIS,
volume = "6",
number = "4",
pages = "398--414",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATOSDO",
ISSN = "0734-2047",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Database/Graefe.html;
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tois/toc.html;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
note = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '88).",
URL = "http://www.acm.org:80",
abstract = "The author of a complex hypertext document is often
faced with the problem of conveying the document's
meaning to future readers through a shared computer
environment. Two tools implemented in the NoteCards
hypertext environment, guided tours and tabletops,
allow authors to employ annotation, graphic layout, and
ordered presentation when communicating to readers.
This paper describes these tools and gives examples of
their use. Issues of remote pointing arising from an
application in legal argumentation are discussed as
well as early work on the use of these tools to support
sharing of hypertext strategies among NoteCards
users.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
affiliation = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Cent",
affiliationaddress = "Palo Alto, CA, USA",
classification = "722; 723; 903",
conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Off Inf Syst",
keywords = "Collaborative work; Computer Based Cooperative Work;
Computer Graphics; Computer Interfaces; Design;
Experimentation; Human factors; Hypermedia; Hypertext;
Inf. systems applications; Information Retrieval;
Information Science; Miscellaneous; Models and
principles; NoteCards; Remote Pointing; Text
processing; Types of systems; User/machine systems",
meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988",
meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88",
sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp;
Xerox Corp",
}
@Proceedings{Hewitt:1986:COI,
editor = "Carl Hewitt and Stanley B. Zdonik",
booktitle = "1986 Conference on Office Information Systems",
title = "1986 Conference on Office Information Systems",
volume = "4(3)",
publisher = pub-ACM,
address = pub-ACM:adr,
pages = "185--287",
month = jul,
year = "1986",
CODEN = "ATISET",
ISSN = "1046-8188",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
series = j-TOOIS,
abstract = "This issue contains 5 conference papers. These papers
contribute to both laying theoretical foundations and
applying fundamental principles to existing office
information systems. The main theme of these papers is
using artificial intelligence (AI) to support and model
office information systems. The main subjects are
office information systems as open system, integration
of computing and routine work, office problem solving,
and visual interfaces for database systems. All papers
are separately indexed and abstracted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
classification = "718; 721; 722; 723; 912",
conference = "1986 Conference on Office Information Systems.",
editoraffiliation = "MIT, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA,
USA",
journalabr = "ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems",
keywords = "Applications; computer networks; computer systems
programming --- Multiprocessing Programs; computers;
concurrent programming; digital --- Data Communication
Systems; electronic mail; knowledge representation;
management --- Information Systems; office automation;
semantic data model; user/machine systems",
meetingaddress = "Providence, RI, USA",
}
@Proceedings{Greif:1988:SPC,
editor = "Irene Greif",
booktitle = "Selected Papers from the Conferences on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
title = "Selected Papers from the Conferences on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
volume = "6(4)",
publisher = pub-ACM,
address = pub-ACM:adr,
pages = "303--314",
month = oct,
year = "1988",
CODEN = "ATISET",
ISSN = "1046-8188",
bibdate = "Sat Jan 16 19:04:41 MST 1999",
bibsource = "Compendex database;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toois.bib",
series = j-TOOIS,
abstract = "This issue contains 5 conference papers dealing with
two system implementations, a field study, and two
systems in use. The specific topics include: IBIS, a
hypertext tool for exploratory policy discussion;
object lens, an object-oriented extension of the
earlier information lens system; the ways that
electronic information media can affect work group
structures and experiences of group members; the ways
that individual workers use their electronic mail
systems; and two tools; `guided tours' and `tabletop',
that facilitate communication between hypertext authors
and readers. All papers are separately indexed and
abstracted.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
classification = "722; 723",
conference = "Selected Papers from the Conference on
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work",
conferenceyear = "1988",
editoraddress = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
editoraffiliation = "Lotus Development Corp",
journalabr = "ACM Trans Inf Syst",
keywords = "Computer Graphics; Computer Interfaces; Computer
Supported Cooperative Work; Computer Systems; Database
Systems; Digital; Electronic Mail; gIBIS; Hypertext;
Object Lens; Office Automation; Work Group Structures",
meetingaddress = "Portland, OR, USA",
meetingdate = "Sep 26--28 1988",
meetingdate2 = "09/26--28/88",
sponsor = "ACM, SIGOIS; ACM, SIGCHI; Lotus Development Corp;
Xerox Corp",
}
