Solver lbfgsb minimizes functions subject only to simple-bound constraints. It is based on L-BFGS-B, by Ciyou Zhu, Richard Byrd, Peihuang Lu, and Jorge Nocedal; see http://www.ece.nwu.edu/~nocedal/software.html for pointers to more information on the limited-memory BFGS algorithm implemented in L-BFGS-B. Relevant papers include %A Ciyou Zhu %A Richard H. Byrd %A Peihuang Lu %A Jorge Nocedal %T Algorithm 778: L-BFGS-B: Fortran Subroutines for Large-Scale Bound-Constrained Optimization %J ACM Trans. Math. Software %V 23 %N 4 %D 1997 %P 550-560 %A Richard H. Byrd %A Peihuang Lu %A Jorge Nocedal %A Ciyou Zhu %T A Limited Memory Algorithm for Bound Constrained Optimization %J SIAM J. Sci. Comput. %V 16 %N 5 %D 1995 %P 1190-1208 Source file routines.f comes from ftp://ftp.mcs.anl.gov/pub/neos/Lbfgs/Lbfgsb.2.1.tar.gz Execute lbfgsb -? for a summary of usage and lbfgsb -= to see keywords that may appear in assignments in $lbfgsb_options or the lbfgsb command line. Possible solve_result_num values for lbfgsb: 000 Solved: maxnorm(projected gradient) <= pgtol. 100 Solved? relative function change <= macheps * factr. 101 No objective: nprob was out of range of stub.nl had no objectives. 400 More than maxfun function and gradient evaluations. 401 More than maxit iterations. 500 Probable bug: inconsistency in linesearch routine. 501 Error -- probably a bug.