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q/{displaymath}left(arrayccI;html_special_mark_amp;AA^T;html_special_mark_amp;0arrayright)left(arraycrxarrayright)=left(arraycb0arrayright).{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(i+1,i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$jinI_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Q_k=R_kDelta^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}y_i=sum_j(A^T)_i,jx_j=sum_ja_j,ix_j,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$T'_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ILU(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}sum_j=1^na_i,jx_j=b_i,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$u(x)=sinpix${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$m'timesn'${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$mtimesn${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(A^-1R)^T=R^TA^-T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}(I+LD^-1)z=y,qquad(D+U)x=z.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$2{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$O(h^-1){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingLet$X$beabandedmatrix,factor$X=(I+L)D^-1(I+U)$,let$Y=(I-U)D(I-L)$tabbinglabelfig:apx-invcenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$n'_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}K_as^-1v=R_H^TA_H^-1R_Hv+sum_i=1^pR_i^TA'_i^-1R_iv.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$emstop_tolleqvarepsilon${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$I-G${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}-Delta(u_n+1-u_n)=-(calLu_n-f).{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$n_E_itimesn{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$lambda_max(A)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$M_E_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}x_0=M^-1b{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$hatx${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A'_i,A_H${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$mboxspan{r^(0),Ar^(0),A^2r^(0),ldots}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$R_X_k,R^T_X_k{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R^T_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(i)=M^-1Nx^(i-1)+M^-1bequivGx^(i-1)+c${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}Ar^(i)=r^(i+1)t_i+1,i+r^(i)t_i,i+r^(i-1)t_i-1,i,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$c_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ttcol_ind(k)=j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$fequiv(f_I,f_B)^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(i-1,j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$O(1H^2){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$inot=j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A|_2=(lambda_max(AA^T))^12${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f(x)geq0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$jinE_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(i+1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$deltar^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$nnz=nnzbtimesn_b^2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(deltar^(i))_j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(i,j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$e^(i)=A^-1r^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$approx1-10N^2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$B_k${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}R_k=[r^(0),~r^(1),~ldots,~r^(k-1)],{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M=M_1M_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$[lambda_min(A),lambda_max(A)]${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$lambda_min(A)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|e^(i)|leq|,|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|,|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$I^ntimesn${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Q${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}hboxifttxind(j)=ithen$ttx(j)=x_i$.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n_d${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$omegain(0,2)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ArightarrowM^-1A${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}Lu(x_i)=2u(x_i)-u(x_i-1)-u(x_i+1)=f(x_i)N^2qquadhboxfor$x_i=iN$,$i=1ldotsN-1$.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ktimesk${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$varepsilon=2^-24approx10^-7${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ly=x${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n_b-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltab_j|leqtolcdotf_j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltab|leqtolcdot|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$I${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A'_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ntimesnobreakn${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y=D_B^12x_B${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltab|leqemstop_tolcdot|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$kappa_2(A)=O(h^-2)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M=(Yinv+L)(I+YU).{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(0),~r^(1),~ldots,~r^(j-1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$pm10^-6|A|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y=Ax${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A^-1|_inftycdot|r^(i)|_infty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_ij${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettjd_ptr;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;17hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}left(arrayrrrrrr10;html_special_mark_amp;-3;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;00;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;-2;html_special_mark_amp;03;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;00;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;40;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;130;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;-1arrayright)longrightarrowleft(arrayrrrr10;html_special_mark_amp;-3;html_special_mark_amp;19;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;-23;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;76;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;49;html_special_mark_amp;135;html_special_mark_amp;-1arrayright){displaymath}/; 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q/{}$Au=f${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$rmspan{b,~Ab,~ldots,~A^k-1b}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$e_j,k=|A|_infty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$X=rmdiag(X_i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ax^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$bigcup_ipartialomip${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$v^(j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$kappa_2(B)=lambda_max(B)lambda_min(B))${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$X_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M_1=M_2^t${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$k+1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$u_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$h^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(i-1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$V_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}${A^kr^(0)}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltab|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}${x^TAx:x^Tx=1}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}A^(i)=pmatrixA^(i)_1,1;html_special_mark_amp;A^(i)_1,2crA^(i)_2,1;html_special_mark_amp;A^(i)_2,2{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$max{|deltaA||A|,|deltab||b|}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_j,i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|cdot|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeS_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$d${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ttval(k)=a_i,j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|,|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|,|_infty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A+O(h^2)D_A${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$K_BPS{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}P_ix=A_i(A^T_iA_i)^-1A^T_ix.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}x^(i)=x^(0)+y_1v^(1)+cdots+y_iv^(i),{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$LUy=x${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}i;html_special_mark_lt;jrightarrowsigma(i);html_special_mark_lt;sigma(j){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(x,y)=barx^Ty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$beta_i=r^(i)^Tr^(i)r^(i-1)^Tr^(i-1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$mboxspan{r^(0),ldots,A^i-1r^(0)}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ap^(j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(a_i,i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n^2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(A+deltaA)x^(i)=b+deltab${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A'_iw_i=v_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$H=D_R^-12CD_B^-12${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$^,${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$log^2(Hh){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(i)|leqS_1equivemstop_tolcdot(|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$0;html_special_mark_lt;omega;html_special_mark_lt;1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_i,i;html_special_mark_gt;sum_jnot=i|a_i,j|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$T_h{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(i+1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$tildeA'_i^-1,tildeA_i^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_I^-1{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(n^2-1)2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeA_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}1leqtti,tti+jleqn{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$d-c${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(x^(i)-hatx)^TA(x^(i)-hatx)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$O(varepsilon)|A^-1|cdot(|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A=LL^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$D_i+1equivmboxdiag(|r^(0)|_2,|r^(1)|_2,...,|r^(i)|_2)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$itimesi${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M=LU${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M=(I+L)D(I+U),qquadhboxwhere$L=L_ADinv$,$U=D^-1U_A$.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}AR_i=R_i+1barT_i,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$e^(i)equivx^(i)-x${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$D${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Tx=b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$calL_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f(x+y)leqf(x)+f(y)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$T_H${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$O(varepsilon)|,|A^-1|cdot(|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabbing}junkjunk=junk=junk=junk=junk=junkkill>bfuntil$igeqmaxit$or$|r^(i)|leqemstop_tolcdot|b|;;.${tabbing}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M^-1Ax=M^-1f{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}A=left[arrayccca_1,1;html_special_mark_amp;cdots;html_special_mark_amp;a_1,nvdots;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;vdotsa_m,1;html_special_mark_amp;cdots;html_special_mark_amp;a_m,narrayright]hspace2em(a_i,jincalR)hspace2emleft[arraycccA_1,1;html_special_mark_amp;cdots;html_special_mark_amp;A_1,n'vdots;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;vdotsA_m',1;html_special_mark_amp;cdots;html_special_mark_amp;A_m',n'arrayright]hspace2em(A_i,jincalR^m_itimesn_i).{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}A=(D+L)D^-1(D+U)=(D+L)(I+D^-1U){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$B_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}S_BequivA_B-A_IB^TA_I^-1A_IB{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ax=b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}B_1=(D-omegaU)^-1(omegaL+(1-omega)D),{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$V_k{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeA_I,tildeS_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Omega_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabbing}junkjunk=junk=junk=junk=junk=junkkill>$i=0$>bfrepeat>>$i=i+1$>>Computetheapproximatesolution$x^(i)$.>>Computetheresidual$r^(i)=Ax^(i)-b$.>>Compute$|r^(i)|$and$|x^(i)|$.>bfuntil$igeqmaxit$or$|r^(i)|leqemstop_tolcdot(|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|)$.{tabbing}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(i)=Ax^(i)-b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$w${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|e^(i)|=|A^-1Mhatr^(i)|leq|A^-1M|cdot|hatr^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$jrightarrowi+j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_Bv_B-A_IB^T(A_I^-1(A_IBv_B)){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$4${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(x,y)=x^Ty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Minv${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$D^-1U${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$V_H=bigcup_kV_k{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$y_i=R^T_iw_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$R_i,A'_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$ntimesn_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R^T_H${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$P_n(x)=x^n${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_i^-1{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^-1R${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L^-1AA^TL^-Ty=b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbing$x^(0)$isaninitialguessbffor=$j=1,2,....$>Solve$r$from$Mr=b-Ax^(0)$>$v^(1)=r|r|_2$>$s:=|r|_2e_1$>bffor=$i=1,2,...,m$>>Solve$w$from$Mw=Av^(i)$>>bffor=$k=1,...,i$>>>$h_k,i=(w,v^(k))$>>>$w=w-h_k,iv^(k)$>>bf>>$h_i+1,i=|w|_2$>>$v^(i+1)=wh_i+1,i$>>apply$J_1,...,J_i-1$on$(h_1,i,...,h_i+1,i)$>>construct$J_i$,actingon$i$thand$(i+1)$stcomponent>>of$h_.,i$,suchthat$(i+1)$stcomponentof$J_ih_.,i$is0>>$s:=J_is$>>if$s(i+1)$issmallenoughthen(UPDATE($tildex,i$)andquit)>bf>UPDATE($tildex,m$)>checkconvergence;continueifnecessarybfmbox~mboxInthisschemeUPDATE($tildex,i$)mboxreplacesthefollowingcomputations:mbox~Compute$y$asthesolutionof$Hy=tildes$,inwhichtheupper$itimesi$triangularpartof$H$has$h_i,j$asitselements(inleastsquaressenseif$H$issingular),$tildes$representsthefirst$i$componentsof$s$$tildex=x^(0)+y_1v^(1)+y_2v^(2)+...+y_iv^(i)$$s^(i+1)=|b-Atildex|_2$if$tildex$isanaccurateenoughapproximationthenquitelse$x^(0)=tildex$tabbinglabelfig:pgmrescenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(D_A+L_A)D_A^-1(D_A+U_A)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$R_i^TA'_i^-1R_iv{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$i-pleqjleqi+q${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f_j=|b_j|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$i+j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L_A${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$I-L${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$tildeb=A^Tb${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M_1^-1AM_2inv(M_2x)=M_1^-1b.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$u_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$nge250${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(k)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$B_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$sigma${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$O(ttlx+ttly)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$imapstoQ_i(A)P_i(A)r^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeA_H^-1A_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$S_X_k{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$deltaa_j,k${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingLet$S$bethenonzeroset${(i,j)colona_ijnot=0}$bffor=$i=1,2,ldots$>bfset$d_iileftarrowa_ii$bffor=$i=1,2,ldots$>bfset$d_iileftarrow1d_ii$>bffor=$j=i+1,i+2,ldots$>>if$(i,j)inS$and$(j,i)inS$then>>bfset$d_jjleftarrowd_jj-a_jid_iia_ij$tabbinglabelfig:d-ilucenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|A|_2cdot|A^-1|_2=fraclambda^12_max(A^TA)lambda^12_min(A^TA),{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$2n^2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$d+c${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$K_as,K_BPS,K_VS${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y=A^Tx${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$u_n(x)=sinnpix${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A^-1|_2=1lambda^12_min(AA^T)=1lambda^12_min(A^TA)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x|_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$g_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(AA^T)y=b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n^22${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}p^(j)=r^(j-1)+beta_j-1p^(j-1),~j=2,~3,~ldots,~k~,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ap^(i-1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$j;html_special_mark_gt;i+q${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(i,j-1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltaA|leqemstop_tolcdot|A|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_I,S_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$S_Bu_B=g_B${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltar^(i)|leqO(varepsilon)(|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}y=Axqquadhboxandqquady=A^Tx.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$2nnz+n+1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}arraylcl|x|_infty;html_special_mark_amp;equiv;html_special_mark_amp;max_j|x_j|;,|x|_1;html_special_mark_amp;equiv;html_special_mark_amp;sum_j|x_j|;rm,and|x|_2;html_special_mark_amp;equiv;html_special_mark_amp;(sum_j|x_j|^2)^12;;.array{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L_ADinv${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}B_2=(D-omegaL)^-1(omegaU+(1-omega)D).{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|e^(i)|leq|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|leqemstop_tolcdot|A^-1|cdot|b|{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$omega=1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ILU(k)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}hboxforall$j$,doforall$i$:qquady_ileftarrowy_i+a_j,ix_j.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_i,j=a_j,i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^-T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ax${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$pminfty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|w^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$K_VS{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n_d=nn_b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n'_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$omega${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$z${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A=(a_i,j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$min_i{a_i,i-sum_jnot=i|a_i,j|}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Av${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(i)^TM^-1r^(j)=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A^-1|_infty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}x^(i)=M^-1Nx^(i-1)+M^-1b=Gx^(i-1)+c,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettval;html_special_mark_amp;10;html_special_mark_amp;-2;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;3$cdots$9;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;-1hlinettcol_ind;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;1$cdots$5;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;6hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$h=N^-d${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R_i+1D_i+1^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingbffor=$k=1,ldots,2n-1$>bfdo=bfinparallelfor$i=max(1,k+1-n),min(n,k)$>>$j=k-i+1$>>$x_i+(j-1)nleftarrow$=$D_i+(j-1)ny_i+(j-1)n$>>>$-L_i+(j-1)ni-1+(j-1)nx_i-1+(j-1)n$>>>$-L_i+(j-1)ni+(j-2)nx_i+(j-2)n$tabbinglabelfig:wave-solvecenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ap^(k)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(LU)^Ty=x${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(i)|leqS_5equivemstop_tolcdot|r^(0)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$p^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$P(0)=1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^-1=sum_k=0^inftyB^k${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ell${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$d;html_special_mark_gt;0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$xnot=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}p^(i)=r^(i-1)+beta_i-1p^(i-1),qquadtildep^(i)=tilder^(i-1)+beta_i-1tildep^(i-1).{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M=(X+L)(I+X^-1U){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f(x)=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R^(k)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeK_VS{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{table}[tv]minipagetextwidthcentertabular|l|c|hlineMethod;html_special_mark_amp;Storage;html_special_mark_amp;ReqmtshlineJACOBI;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+3n$SOR;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+2n$CG;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+6n$GMRES;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+(i+5)n$BiCG;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+10n$CGS;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+11n$Bi-CGSTAB;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+10n$QMR;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+16n^c$footnotetext[3]Lessforimplementationsthatdonotrecursivelyupdatetheresidual.CHEBYSHEV;html_special_mark_amp;$mboxmatrix+5n$hlinetabularlabelstore_tblcenterminipage{table}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$deltaA${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$omega=2-O(h)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A=M-N${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeA_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Omega${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$hatr^(i)=x^(i)-Gx^(i)-c=M^-1(Ax^(i)-b)=M^-1r^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$xleftarrowx+sum_ky^(k)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A^-1|_2=lambda^-1_min(A)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$deltab_j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^-1;html_special_mark_gt;0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$lambda_max${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$varepsilon${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L^-1r^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$1-O(h^2)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}y_ileftarrowy_i+a_i,jx_jquadRightarrowquady_ileftarrowy_i+a_i,i+jx_i+j~{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Sw${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$sqrtkappa_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M^-1Ax=M^-1b{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A=I-B${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$S={(i,sigma(i));~iinIsubseteqI_n}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|e^(i)||x^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M^-1Ax=M^-1b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$beta_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}tilder^(i)^Tr^(j)=tildep^(i)^TAp^(j)=0qquadhboxif$inot=j$.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M^-1Av^(j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettjdiag;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;10;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;5;;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;-3;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;-1;;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;-2;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;1;;html_special_mark_amp;4;hlinettcol_ind;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;5;;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;6;;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;4;;html_special_mark_amp;6;hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$[lambda_min,lambda_max]${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x_sigma_k(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$beta${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.0in]vboxtabbingChooseaninitialguess$x^(0)$tothesolution$x$.bffor=$k=1,2,ldots$>bffor=$i=1,2,ldots,n$>>$barx_i=0$>>bffor=$j=1,2,ldots,i-1,i+1,ldots,n$>>>$barx_i=barx_i+a_i,jx^(k-1)_j$>>bf>>$barx_i=(b_i-barx_i)a_i,i$>bf>$x^(k)=barx$>checkconvergence;continueifnecessarybftabbinglabelfig:jacobicenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.0in]vboxtabbingChooseaninitialguess$x^(0)$tothesolution$x$.bffor=$k=1,2,ldots$>bffor=$i=1,2,ldots,n$>>$sigma=0$>>bffor=$j=1,2,ldots,i-1$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k)_j$>>bf>>bffor$j=i+1,ldots,n$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k-1)_j$>>bf>>$x^(k)_i=(b_i-sigma)a_i,i$>bf>checkconvergence;continueifnecessarybftabbinglabelfig:gscenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.0in]vboxtabbingChooseaninitialguess$x^(0)$tothesolution$x$.bffor=$k=1,2,ldots$>bffor=$i=1,2,ldots,n$>>$sigma=0$>>bffor=$j=1,2,ldots,i-1$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k)_j$>>bf>>bffor$j=i+1,ldots,n$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k-1)_j$>>bf>>$sigma=(b_i-sigma)a_i,i$>>$x^(k)_i=x^(k-1)_i+omega(sigma-x^(k-1)_i)$>bf>checkconvergence;continueifnecessarybftabbinglabelfig:sorcenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$P_i^2(A)r^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(D+L)x=u${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$E{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltaa_j,k|leqtolcdote_j,k${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^mv^(1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Y_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M=LL^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x|_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(0)=b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$O(h^-2){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ttval(diag_ptr(i))=a_i,i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.0in]vboxtabbingChooseaninitialguess$x^(0)$tothesolution$x$.Let$x^(frac12)=x^(0)$.bffor=$k=1,2,ldots$>bffor=$i=1,2,ldots,n$>>$sigma=0$>>bffor=$j=1,2,ldots,i-1$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k-frac12)_j$>>bf>>bffor$j=i+1,ldots,n$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k-1)_j$>>bf>>$sigma=(b_i-sigma)a_i,i$>>$x^(k-frac12)_i=x^(k-1)_i+omega(sigma-x^(k-1)_i)$>bf>bffor$i=n,n-1,ldots,1$>>$sigma=0$>>bffor$j=1,2,ldots,i-1$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k-frac12)_j$>>bf>>bffor$j=i+1,ldots,n$>>>$sigma=sigma+a_i,jx^(k)_j$>>bf>>$x^(k)_i=x^(k-frac12)_i+omega(sigma-x^(k-frac12)_i)$>bf>checkconvergence;continueifnecessarybftabbinglabelfig:ssorcenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingLet$M=(I+L)D(I+U)$and$y$begiven.$tleftarrowy$bffor=$k=1,ldots,p$>$tleftarrowy-Lt$$xleftarrowD^-1t$,$tleftarrowx$bffor=$k=1,ldots,p$>$xleftarrowt-Ux$tabbinglabelfig:lu-neumancenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$B${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|e^(i)|leq|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$S_E{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(cdot,cdot)_A${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$u^(m)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|Ax^(i)-b|_2=|AR_ibary-b|_2=|R_i+1barT_iy-b|_2.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$-L${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f_j=|b|_infty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$R^T_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(j,sigma(j))${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$rho_i+1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$tildeA_H^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$n_E_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$p^(1),~p^(2),~ldots,~p^(j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[ht]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.0in]labelfig:rearrangedcgcenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$D_R${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}llmulticolumn2cConventionsUsedinthisBook;html_special_mark_amp;$D$;html_special_mark_amp;diagonalmatrix$L$;html_special_mark_amp;lowertriangularmatrix$U$;html_special_mark_amp;uppertriangularmatrix$Q$;html_special_mark_amp;orthogonalmatrix$M$;html_special_mark_amp;preconditioner$I,;I^ntimesn$;html_special_mark_amp;$ntimesn$identitymatrix$hatx$;html_special_mark_amp;typically,theexactsolutionto$Ax=b$$h$;html_special_mark_amp;discretizationmeshwidth{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(I+L_AD^-1)(D+U_A)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L_1+L_2=(I+L_1)(I+L_2)-I-L_1L_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A=A^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$u${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$nvarepsilon${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$X_k{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$O(n^2)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$widetilder^(i)=P_i(A^T)widetilder^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$O(1+log^2(Hh)){displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$pm10^-6|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}llsharfilename;html_special_mark_amp;contentshlinesctemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;SingleprecisionCroutinesdctemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;DoubleprecisionCroutinessftempaltes.shar;html_special_mark_amp;SinglePrecisionFortran77routinesdftemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;DoublePrecisionFortran77routinesmltemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;MATLABkernels{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}llsharfilename;html_special_mark_amp;contentshlinesctemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;SingleprecisionCroutinesdctemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;DoubleprecisionCroutinessftemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;SinglePrecisionFortran77routinesdftemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;DoublePrecisionFortran77routinesmltemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;MATLABroutinescpptemplates.shar;html_special_mark_amp;C++templateroutines{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeA_i^-1A_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$omip${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x|_infty${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$S_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M(omega)=1over2-omega(1overomegaD+L)(1overomegaD)^-1(1overomegaD+L)^T.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$m${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(0)+mboxspan{r^(0),ldots,A^i-1r^(0)}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}m_i,j=left{arraylla_i,j;html_special_mark_amp;mboxif$i$and$j$areinthesameindexsubset0;html_special_mark_amp;mboxotherwise.arrayright.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$I_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltab|leqvarepsilon|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^-1M=(M-N)^-1M=(I-G)^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$imapstoP_i^2(A)r^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$gamma${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r^(j)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x_i^(k)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$sqrti+1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A|cdot|x|gg|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$S_E_i^-1{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$w_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$q^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^Tp^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_i,jleq0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x_nleftarrowM_2^-1x_n${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}A=D+L+L^T{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$omega;html_special_mark_gt;1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$deltaA=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f:R^nrightarrowR${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$maxit${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n=1ldotsN-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}${x^(i)}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$D_B^-12${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|y|^2_Aequiv(y,Ay)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$n_E_itimesn_E_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x=l_*1y_1+l_*2y_2+cdots${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$U${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$kappa(M_omega_rmopt^-1A)=O(sqrtkappa(A))${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$s^Ts${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettval;html_special_mark_amp;10;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;8$cdots$9;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;-1hlinettrow_ind;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;4$cdots$5;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;6hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R_H${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Dinv${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M=(D+L)(I+D^-1U)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$P_i(A)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A^H${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}tildeK_as^-1v=R_H^TtildeA_H^-1R_Hv+sum_i=1^pR_i^TtildeA'_i^-1R_iv.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$S{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}barT_i=arrayccarraycccleftarrow;html_special_mark_amp;i;html_special_mark_amp;rightarrowarray;html_special_mark_amp;arraycmbox~~arrayleft(arrayccccddots;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;ddots;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;ddotsarrayright).;html_special_mark_amp;arraycuparrowmbox~i+1mbox~downarrowarrayarray{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M=(D+L)D^-1(D+U)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$AA^Ty=b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}A^T=[A_1,ldots,A_m]{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$LDL^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltaA|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ay-b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}${A^ix}_igeq0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ineqj${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettperm;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;2;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;6hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettval(:,-1);html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;2hlinettval(:,0);html_special_mark_amp;10;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;-1hlinettval(:,+1);html_special_mark_amp;-3;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;0hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} 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q/{}$(i,sigma(i))${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$hrightarrow0{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_H^-1{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A_H^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$j;html_special_mark_gt;i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$kappa_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$O(varepsilon)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}mboxsolve$u$from$Mu=v$,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(A_i,i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$1:n_b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a(x,y)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}${p^(j)}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$h{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeK_BPS{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|a_i,i|geqsum_j=1^n|a_i,j|,hspace.2injneqi{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}${r^(k)}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$s${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$LQ${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|Ax^(i)-b|_2=|D_i+1barT_iy-|r^(0)|_2e^(1)|_2{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|deltaA|leqvarepsilon|A|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|e^(i)|leqS_5cdot|A^-1|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$K_as${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$barx${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}array|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettval(:,1);html_special_mark_amp;10;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;5hlinettval(:,2);html_special_mark_amp;-3;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;-1hlinettval(:,3);html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;-2;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0hlinettval(:,4);html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0hlinearray,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$delta${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$1:nnzb${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$k${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A_I=blockdiagonal(A_i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}-(a(x,y)u_x)_x-(b(x,y)u_y)_y=f,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}d_i,i=left{arraylla_1,1;html_special_mark_amp;mboxif$i=1$a_i,i-a_i,i-1d_i-1^-1a_i-1,i;html_special_mark_amp;mboxif$1;html_special_mark_lt;ileqn$a_i,i-a_i,i-nd_i-n^-1a_i-n,i;html_special_mark_amp;mboxif$i=kn+1$with$kgeq1$arrayrcla_i,i;html_special_mark_amp;-;html_special_mark_amp;a_i,i-1d_i-1^-1a_i-1,i;html_special_mark_amp;;html_special_mark_amp;mbox-a_i,i-nd_i-n^-1a_i-n,iarray;html_special_mark_amp;mboxotherwise.arrayright.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$kp${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}Lz=x,qquadUy=z.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingbffor=$i=1,2,dots$>$X_ileftarrowA_ii$bffor=$i=1,2,dots$>Let$Y_iapproxX_iinv$>bffor=$j=i+1,i+2,ldots$>>if$A_ijnot=0$and$A_jinot=0$,>>then$X_jleftarrowX_j-A_jiY_iA_ij$tabbinglabelfig:blu-faccenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$v_B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_i,j${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$z=A^Tcdotx${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(i)|leqS_3equivemstop_tolcdot|x^(i)||A^-1|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$c${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$partialomip{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$i+j=k-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A|_F${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$T_h${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(A^-1)_i,jgeq0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$L^-Ts${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(k-1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x=M^(p)y${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$g=D_B^-12(f_B-C^TD_R^-1f_R)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ttrow_ptr(n+1)=nnz+1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$hatr^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M^-1A${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^(0)=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$A'_i^-1,A_i^-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$Omega{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$p^(i)^TAp^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}M=(D+L)D^-1(D+L)^T,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}r_0leftarrowM_1^-1r_0{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingLet$M=LU$and$y$begiven.bffor=$i=1,2,ldots$>$z_i=ell_ii^-1(y_i-sum_j;html_special_mark_lt;iell_ijz_j)$bffor=$i=n,n-1,n-2,ldots$>$x_i=u_ii^-1(z_i-sum_j;html_special_mark_gt;iu_ijx_j)$tabbinglabelfig:lu-solvcenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}left[arrayccD_R;html_special_mark_amp;CO;html_special_mark_amp;D_B-C^TD_R^-1Carrayright]left[arraycx_Rx_Barrayright]=left[arraycf_Rf_B-C^TD_R^-1f_Rarrayright].{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$S={1,ldots,n}${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$S${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Omega_i,i=1,...,p${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Y=rmdiag(Y_i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|Ax|leq|A|cdot|x|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|(I-G)^-1|leq1(1-|G|)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(A+deltaA)x^(i)=(b+deltab)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$v^(1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$1:n_d+1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}frac|e^(i)||x^(i)|leqfrac|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)||x^(i)|leqemstop_tol;;,{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$v_i=R_iv{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{figure}[tp]centerleavevmodeframebox[4.5in]vboxtabbingLet$M=(D+L)(I+D^-1U)$and$y$begiven.bffor=$i=1,2,ldots$>$z_i=d_ii^-1(y_i-sum_j;html_special_mark_lt;iell_ijz_j)$bffor=$i=n,n-1,n-2,ldots$>$x_i=z_i-d_ii^-1sum_j;html_special_mark_gt;iu_ijx_j$tabbinglabelfig:ldu-solvcenter{figure}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Delta${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}arraylcl|A|_infty;html_special_mark_amp;equiv;html_special_mark_amp;max_jsum_k|a_j,k|;,|A|_1;html_special_mark_amp;equiv;html_special_mark_amp;max_ksum_j|a_j,k|;rm,and|A|_F;html_special_mark_amp;equiv;html_special_mark_amp;(sum_jk|a_j,k|^2)^12;;,array{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|b|ll|A|cdot|x|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$K_as{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^TAx;html_special_mark_gt;0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$X=bigcup_kX_k{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$beta_i-1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$T_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$r_0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ax+b${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}A=D_A+L_A+U_A,qquadM=(D+L_A)D^-1(D+U_A),{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$u_n${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M^(p)approxMinv${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$C${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$S_4equivmax_j(|r^(i)|_j(Ecdot|x^(i)|+f)_j)leqemstop_tol${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$s=L^-1r^(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettval(:,-1);html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;5hlinettval(:,0);html_special_mark_amp;10;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;8;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;-1hlinettval(:,+1);html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;-3;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;7;html_special_mark_amp;5;html_special_mark_amp;13hlinettval(:,+2);html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;-2;html_special_mark_amp;0;html_special_mark_amp;4;html_special_mark_amp;0hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$j;html_special_mark_lt;i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}mboxforeach$k$,$i,j;html_special_mark_gt;k$:quada_i,jleftarrowleft{arraylla_i,j-a_i,ka_k,k^-1a_k,j;html_special_mark_amp;mboxif$(i,j)inS$a_i,j;html_special_mark_amp;mboxotherwise.arrayright.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|e^(i)|leq|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|leqemstop_tolcdot|A^-1|cdot(|A|cdot|x^(i)|+|b|);.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Q_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$tildeA_H^-1{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ttrow_ptr(i)leqk;html_special_mark_lt;ttrow_ptr(i+1)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$x^Tx=0${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$2times2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$H,h${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}xleftarrowM_2^-1x{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|A+B|leq|A|+|B|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(i)|leqS_2equivemstop_tolcdot|b|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|Ax|leq|A|,|x|.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_i,j=${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$B{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$M_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$v${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$10^-6${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$ntimesn'_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}calL=calL_1+calL_2,qquadhboxwhere$calL_1=-partial^2overpartialx^2$,$calL_2=-partial^2overpartialy^2$.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$T'_isubsetT_h${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}y_i=sum_ja_i,jx_j{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$3${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$a_ii;html_special_mark_gt;sum_jnot=i|a_ij|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}m_i,j=left{arraylla_i,i;html_special_mark_amp;mboxif$i=j$0;html_special_mark_amp;mboxotherwise.arrayright.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ntimesn${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$LDinv${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(0)|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}|e^(i)|_inftyleq|,|A^-1|cdot|r^(i)|,|leqS_4cdot|,|A^-1|(E|x^(i)|+f)|_infty{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$T_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|r^(i)|_2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$K^12{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$p^(1)=r^(0)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$n${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$R_k=P_kB_k${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x|_2=(sum_j|x_j|^2)^12${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$R_E_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$-U${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ncofm${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$AA^T${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$|x+y|leq|x|+|y|${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y_sigma_k(i)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}1llfrac|A|cdot|x||b|=frac|A|cdot|A^-1b||b|leq|A|cdot|A^-1|;;.{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$Ax=f${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$lambda(B)=1-lambda(L)2=1-2sin^2npi(2N)${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$X{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$f${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$y_i${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$A_H,R_H{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$xleftarrowx-l_*1y_1${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$nnz${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{displaymath}$R^T_i{displaymath}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$lambda_min${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$(A+A^T)2${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{}$ttp+ttq${}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; $key = q/{tabular}|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|hlinettrow_ptr;html_special_mark_amp;1;html_special_mark_amp;3;html_special_mark_amp;6;html_special_mark_amp;9;html_special_mark_amp;13;html_special_mark_amp;17;html_special_mark_amp;20hline{tabular}/; $cached_env_img{$key} =''; 1;