SUBROUTINE ZTGSYL( TRANS, IJOB, M, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, C, LDC, D, $ LDD, E, LDE, F, LDF, SCALE, DIF, WORK, LWORK, $ IWORK, INFO ) * * -- LAPACK routine (version 3.2) -- * Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd.. * January 2007 * * .. Scalar Arguments .. CHARACTER TRANS INTEGER IJOB, INFO, LDA, LDB, LDC, LDD, LDE, LDF, $ LWORK, M, N DOUBLE PRECISION DIF, SCALE * .. * .. Array Arguments .. INTEGER IWORK( * ) COMPLEX*16 A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), C( LDC, * ), $ D( LDD, * ), E( LDE, * ), F( LDF, * ), $ WORK( * ) * .. * * Purpose * ======= * * ZTGSYL solves the generalized Sylvester equation: * * A * R - L * B = scale * C (1) * D * R - L * E = scale * F * * where R and L are unknown m-by-n matrices, (A, D), (B, E) and * (C, F) are given matrix pairs of size m-by-m, n-by-n and m-by-n, * respectively, with complex entries. A, B, D and E are upper * triangular (i.e., (A,D) and (B,E) in generalized Schur form). * * The solution (R, L) overwrites (C, F). 0 <= SCALE <= 1 * is an output scaling factor chosen to avoid overflow. * * In matrix notation (1) is equivalent to solve Zx = scale*b, where Z * is defined as * * Z = [ kron(In, A) -kron(B', Im) ] (2) * [ kron(In, D) -kron(E', Im) ], * * Here Ix is the identity matrix of size x and X' is the conjugate * transpose of X. Kron(X, Y) is the Kronecker product between the * matrices X and Y. * * If TRANS = 'C', y in the conjugate transposed system Z'*y = scale*b * is solved for, which is equivalent to solve for R and L in * * A' * R + D' * L = scale * C (3) * R * B' + L * E' = scale * -F * * This case (TRANS = 'C') is used to compute an one-norm-based estimate * of Dif[(A,D), (B,E)], the separation between the matrix pairs (A,D) * and (B,E), using ZLACON. * * If IJOB >= 1, ZTGSYL computes a Frobenius norm-based estimate of * Dif[(A,D),(B,E)]. That is, the reciprocal of a lower bound on the * reciprocal of the smallest singular value of Z. * * This is a level-3 BLAS algorithm. * * Arguments * ========= * * TRANS (input) CHARACTER*1 * = 'N': solve the generalized sylvester equation (1). * = 'C': solve the "conjugate transposed" system (3). * * IJOB (input) INTEGER * Specifies what kind of functionality to be performed. * =0: solve (1) only. * =1: The functionality of 0 and 3. * =2: The functionality of 0 and 4. * =3: Only an estimate of Dif[(A,D), (B,E)] is computed. * (look ahead strategy is used). * =4: Only an estimate of Dif[(A,D), (B,E)] is computed. * (ZGECON on sub-systems is used). * Not referenced if TRANS = 'C'. * * M (input) INTEGER * The order of the matrices A and D, and the row dimension of * the matrices C, F, R and L. * * N (input) INTEGER * The order of the matrices B and E, and the column dimension * of the matrices C, F, R and L. * * A (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA, M) * The upper triangular matrix A. * * LDA (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1, M). * * B (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB, N) * The upper triangular matrix B. * * LDB (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1, N). * * C (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDC, N) * On entry, C contains the right-hand-side of the first matrix * equation in (1) or (3). * On exit, if IJOB = 0, 1 or 2, C has been overwritten by * the solution R. If IJOB = 3 or 4 and TRANS = 'N', C holds R, * the solution achieved during the computation of the * Dif-estimate. * * LDC (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1, M). * * D (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDD, M) * The upper triangular matrix D. * * LDD (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array D. LDD >= max(1, M). * * E (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDE, N) * The upper triangular matrix E. * * LDE (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array E. LDE >= max(1, N). * * F (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDF, N) * On entry, F contains the right-hand-side of the second matrix * equation in (1) or (3). * On exit, if IJOB = 0, 1 or 2, F has been overwritten by * the solution L. If IJOB = 3 or 4 and TRANS = 'N', F holds L, * the solution achieved during the computation of the * Dif-estimate. * * LDF (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array F. LDF >= max(1, M). * * DIF (output) DOUBLE PRECISION * On exit DIF is the reciprocal of a lower bound of the * reciprocal of the Dif-function, i.e. DIF is an upper bound of * Dif[(A,D), (B,E)] = sigma-min(Z), where Z as in (2). * IF IJOB = 0 or TRANS = 'C', DIF is not referenced. * * SCALE (output) DOUBLE PRECISION * On exit SCALE is the scaling factor in (1) or (3). * If 0 < SCALE < 1, C and F hold the solutions R and L, resp., * to a slightly perturbed system but the input matrices A, B, * D and E have not been changed. If SCALE = 0, R and L will * hold the solutions to the homogenious system with C = F = 0. * * WORK (workspace/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) * On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. * * LWORK (input) INTEGER * The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK > = 1. * If IJOB = 1 or 2 and TRANS = 'N', LWORK >= max(1,2*M*N). * * If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine * only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns * this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error * message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. * * IWORK (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (M+N+2) * * INFO (output) INTEGER * =0: successful exit * <0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value. * >0: (A, D) and (B, E) have common or very close * eigenvalues. * * Further Details * =============== * * Based on contributions by * Bo Kagstrom and Peter Poromaa, Department of Computing Science, * Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden. * * [1] B. Kagstrom and P. Poromaa, LAPACK-Style Algorithms and Software * for Solving the Generalized Sylvester Equation and Estimating the * Separation between Regular Matrix Pairs, Report UMINF - 93.23, * Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, * Sweden, December 1993, Revised April 1994, Also as LAPACK Working * Note 75. To appear in ACM Trans. on Math. Software, Vol 22, * No 1, 1996. * * [2] B. Kagstrom, A Perturbation Analysis of the Generalized Sylvester * Equation (AR - LB, DR - LE ) = (C, F), SIAM J. Matrix Anal. * Appl., 15(4):1045-1060, 1994. * * [3] B. Kagstrom and L. Westin, Generalized Schur Methods with * Condition Estimators for Solving the Generalized Sylvester * Equation, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 34, No. 7, * July 1989, pp 745-751. * * ===================================================================== * Replaced various illegal calls to CCOPY by calls to CLASET. * Sven Hammarling, 1/5/02. * * .. Parameters .. DOUBLE PRECISION ZERO, ONE PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0D+0, ONE = 1.0D+0 ) COMPLEX*16 CZERO PARAMETER ( CZERO = (0.0D+0, 0.0D+0) ) * .. * .. Local Scalars .. LOGICAL LQUERY, NOTRAN INTEGER I, IE, IFUNC, IROUND, IS, ISOLVE, J, JE, JS, K, $ LINFO, LWMIN, MB, NB, P, PQ, Q DOUBLE PRECISION DSCALE, DSUM, SCALE2, SCALOC * .. * .. External Functions .. LOGICAL LSAME INTEGER ILAENV EXTERNAL LSAME, ILAENV * .. * .. External Subroutines .. EXTERNAL XERBLA, ZGEMM, ZLACPY, ZLASET, ZSCAL, ZTGSY2 * .. * .. Intrinsic Functions .. INTRINSIC DBLE, DCMPLX, MAX, SQRT * .. * .. Executable Statements .. * * Decode and test input parameters * INFO = 0 NOTRAN = LSAME( TRANS, 'N' ) LQUERY = ( LWORK.EQ.-1 ) * IF( .NOT.NOTRAN .AND. .NOT.LSAME( TRANS, 'C' ) ) THEN INFO = -1 ELSE IF( NOTRAN ) THEN IF( ( IJOB.LT.0 ) .OR. ( IJOB.GT.4 ) ) THEN INFO = -2 END IF END IF IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN IF( M.LE.0 ) THEN INFO = -3 ELSE IF( N.LE.0 ) THEN INFO = -4 ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, M ) ) THEN INFO = -6 ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN INFO = -8 ELSE IF( LDC.LT.MAX( 1, M ) ) THEN INFO = -10 ELSE IF( LDD.LT.MAX( 1, M ) ) THEN INFO = -12 ELSE IF( LDE.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN INFO = -14 ELSE IF( LDF.LT.MAX( 1, M ) ) THEN INFO = -16 END IF END IF * IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN IF( NOTRAN ) THEN IF( IJOB.EQ.1 .OR. IJOB.EQ.2 ) THEN LWMIN = MAX( 1, 2*M*N ) ELSE LWMIN = 1 END IF ELSE LWMIN = 1 END IF WORK( 1 ) = LWMIN * IF( LWORK.LT.LWMIN .AND. .NOT.LQUERY ) THEN INFO = -20 END IF END IF * IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN CALL XERBLA( 'ZTGSYL', -INFO ) RETURN ELSE IF( LQUERY ) THEN RETURN END IF * * Quick return if possible * IF( M.EQ.0 .OR. N.EQ.0 ) THEN SCALE = 1 IF( NOTRAN ) THEN IF( IJOB.NE.0 ) THEN DIF = 0 END IF END IF RETURN END IF * * Determine optimal block sizes MB and NB * MB = ILAENV( 2, 'ZTGSYL', TRANS, M, N, -1, -1 ) NB = ILAENV( 5, 'ZTGSYL', TRANS, M, N, -1, -1 ) * ISOLVE = 1 IFUNC = 0 IF( NOTRAN ) THEN IF( IJOB.GE.3 ) THEN IFUNC = IJOB - 2 CALL ZLASET( 'F', M, N, CZERO, CZERO, C, LDC ) CALL ZLASET( 'F', M, N, CZERO, CZERO, F, LDF ) ELSE IF( IJOB.GE.1 .AND. NOTRAN ) THEN ISOLVE = 2 END IF END IF * IF( ( MB.LE.1 .AND. NB.LE.1 ) .OR. ( MB.GE.M .AND. NB.GE.N ) ) $ THEN * * Use unblocked Level 2 solver * DO 30 IROUND = 1, ISOLVE * SCALE = ONE DSCALE = ZERO DSUM = ONE PQ = M*N CALL ZTGSY2( TRANS, IFUNC, M, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, C, LDC, D, $ LDD, E, LDE, F, LDF, SCALE, DSUM, DSCALE, $ INFO ) IF( DSCALE.NE.ZERO ) THEN IF( IJOB.EQ.1 .OR. IJOB.EQ.3 ) THEN DIF = SQRT( DBLE( 2*M*N ) ) / ( DSCALE*SQRT( DSUM ) ) ELSE DIF = SQRT( DBLE( PQ ) ) / ( DSCALE*SQRT( DSUM ) ) END IF END IF IF( ISOLVE.EQ.2 .AND. IROUND.EQ.1 ) THEN IF( NOTRAN ) THEN IFUNC = IJOB END IF SCALE2 = SCALE CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, C, LDC, WORK, M ) CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, F, LDF, WORK( M*N+1 ), M ) CALL ZLASET( 'F', M, N, CZERO, CZERO, C, LDC ) CALL ZLASET( 'F', M, N, CZERO, CZERO, F, LDF ) ELSE IF( ISOLVE.EQ.2 .AND. IROUND.EQ.2 ) THEN CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, WORK, M, C, LDC ) CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, WORK( M*N+1 ), M, F, LDF ) SCALE = SCALE2 END IF 30 CONTINUE * RETURN * END IF * * Determine block structure of A * P = 0 I = 1 40 CONTINUE IF( I.GT.M ) $ GO TO 50 P = P + 1 IWORK( P ) = I I = I + MB IF( I.GE.M ) $ GO TO 50 GO TO 40 50 CONTINUE IWORK( P+1 ) = M + 1 IF( IWORK( P ).EQ.IWORK( P+1 ) ) $ P = P - 1 * * Determine block structure of B * Q = P + 1 J = 1 60 CONTINUE IF( J.GT.N ) $ GO TO 70 * Q = Q + 1 IWORK( Q ) = J J = J + NB IF( J.GE.N ) $ GO TO 70 GO TO 60 * 70 CONTINUE IWORK( Q+1 ) = N + 1 IF( IWORK( Q ).EQ.IWORK( Q+1 ) ) $ Q = Q - 1 * IF( NOTRAN ) THEN DO 150 IROUND = 1, ISOLVE * * Solve (I, J) - subsystem * A(I, I) * R(I, J) - L(I, J) * B(J, J) = C(I, J) * D(I, I) * R(I, J) - L(I, J) * E(J, J) = F(I, J) * for I = P, P - 1, ..., 1; J = 1, 2, ..., Q * PQ = 0 SCALE = ONE DSCALE = ZERO DSUM = ONE DO 130 J = P + 2, Q JS = IWORK( J ) JE = IWORK( J+1 ) - 1 NB = JE - JS + 1 DO 120 I = P, 1, -1 IS = IWORK( I ) IE = IWORK( I+1 ) - 1 MB = IE - IS + 1 CALL ZTGSY2( TRANS, IFUNC, MB, NB, A( IS, IS ), LDA, $ B( JS, JS ), LDB, C( IS, JS ), LDC, $ D( IS, IS ), LDD, E( JS, JS ), LDE, $ F( IS, JS ), LDF, SCALOC, DSUM, DSCALE, $ LINFO ) IF( LINFO.GT.0 ) $ INFO = LINFO PQ = PQ + MB*NB IF( SCALOC.NE.ONE ) THEN DO 80 K = 1, JS - 1 CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ C( 1, K ), 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ F( 1, K ), 1 ) 80 CONTINUE DO 90 K = JS, JE CALL ZSCAL( IS-1, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ C( 1, K ), 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( IS-1, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ F( 1, K ), 1 ) 90 CONTINUE DO 100 K = JS, JE CALL ZSCAL( M-IE, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ C( IE+1, K ), 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( M-IE, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ F( IE+1, K ), 1 ) 100 CONTINUE DO 110 K = JE + 1, N CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ C( 1, K ), 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ F( 1, K ), 1 ) 110 CONTINUE SCALE = SCALE*SCALOC END IF * * Substitute R(I,J) and L(I,J) into remaining equation. * IF( I.GT.1 ) THEN CALL ZGEMM( 'N', 'N', IS-1, NB, MB, $ DCMPLX( -ONE, ZERO ), A( 1, IS ), LDA, $ C( IS, JS ), LDC, DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), $ C( 1, JS ), LDC ) CALL ZGEMM( 'N', 'N', IS-1, NB, MB, $ DCMPLX( -ONE, ZERO ), D( 1, IS ), LDD, $ C( IS, JS ), LDC, DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), $ F( 1, JS ), LDF ) END IF IF( J.LT.Q ) THEN CALL ZGEMM( 'N', 'N', MB, N-JE, NB, $ DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), F( IS, JS ), LDF, $ B( JS, JE+1 ), LDB, $ DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), C( IS, JE+1 ), $ LDC ) CALL ZGEMM( 'N', 'N', MB, N-JE, NB, $ DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), F( IS, JS ), LDF, $ E( JS, JE+1 ), LDE, $ DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), F( IS, JE+1 ), $ LDF ) END IF 120 CONTINUE 130 CONTINUE IF( DSCALE.NE.ZERO ) THEN IF( IJOB.EQ.1 .OR. IJOB.EQ.3 ) THEN DIF = SQRT( DBLE( 2*M*N ) ) / ( DSCALE*SQRT( DSUM ) ) ELSE DIF = SQRT( DBLE( PQ ) ) / ( DSCALE*SQRT( DSUM ) ) END IF END IF IF( ISOLVE.EQ.2 .AND. IROUND.EQ.1 ) THEN IF( NOTRAN ) THEN IFUNC = IJOB END IF SCALE2 = SCALE CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, C, LDC, WORK, M ) CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, F, LDF, WORK( M*N+1 ), M ) CALL ZLASET( 'F', M, N, CZERO, CZERO, C, LDC ) CALL ZLASET( 'F', M, N, CZERO, CZERO, F, LDF ) ELSE IF( ISOLVE.EQ.2 .AND. IROUND.EQ.2 ) THEN CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, WORK, M, C, LDC ) CALL ZLACPY( 'F', M, N, WORK( M*N+1 ), M, F, LDF ) SCALE = SCALE2 END IF 150 CONTINUE ELSE * * Solve transposed (I, J)-subsystem * A(I, I)' * R(I, J) + D(I, I)' * L(I, J) = C(I, J) * R(I, J) * B(J, J) + L(I, J) * E(J, J) = -F(I, J) * for I = 1,2,..., P; J = Q, Q-1,..., 1 * SCALE = ONE DO 210 I = 1, P IS = IWORK( I ) IE = IWORK( I+1 ) - 1 MB = IE - IS + 1 DO 200 J = Q, P + 2, -1 JS = IWORK( J ) JE = IWORK( J+1 ) - 1 NB = JE - JS + 1 CALL ZTGSY2( TRANS, IFUNC, MB, NB, A( IS, IS ), LDA, $ B( JS, JS ), LDB, C( IS, JS ), LDC, $ D( IS, IS ), LDD, E( JS, JS ), LDE, $ F( IS, JS ), LDF, SCALOC, DSUM, DSCALE, $ LINFO ) IF( LINFO.GT.0 ) $ INFO = LINFO IF( SCALOC.NE.ONE ) THEN DO 160 K = 1, JS - 1 CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), C( 1, K ), $ 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), F( 1, K ), $ 1 ) 160 CONTINUE DO 170 K = JS, JE CALL ZSCAL( IS-1, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ C( 1, K ), 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( IS-1, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ F( 1, K ), 1 ) 170 CONTINUE DO 180 K = JS, JE CALL ZSCAL( M-IE, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ C( IE+1, K ), 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( M-IE, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), $ F( IE+1, K ), 1 ) 180 CONTINUE DO 190 K = JE + 1, N CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), C( 1, K ), $ 1 ) CALL ZSCAL( M, DCMPLX( SCALOC, ZERO ), F( 1, K ), $ 1 ) 190 CONTINUE SCALE = SCALE*SCALOC END IF * * Substitute R(I,J) and L(I,J) into remaining equation. * IF( J.GT.P+2 ) THEN CALL ZGEMM( 'N', 'C', MB, JS-1, NB, $ DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), C( IS, JS ), LDC, $ B( 1, JS ), LDB, DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), $ F( IS, 1 ), LDF ) CALL ZGEMM( 'N', 'C', MB, JS-1, NB, $ DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), F( IS, JS ), LDF, $ E( 1, JS ), LDE, DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), $ F( IS, 1 ), LDF ) END IF IF( I.LT.P ) THEN CALL ZGEMM( 'C', 'N', M-IE, NB, MB, $ DCMPLX( -ONE, ZERO ), A( IS, IE+1 ), LDA, $ C( IS, JS ), LDC, DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), $ C( IE+1, JS ), LDC ) CALL ZGEMM( 'C', 'N', M-IE, NB, MB, $ DCMPLX( -ONE, ZERO ), D( IS, IE+1 ), LDD, $ F( IS, JS ), LDF, DCMPLX( ONE, ZERO ), $ C( IE+1, JS ), LDC ) END IF 200 CONTINUE 210 CONTINUE END IF * WORK( 1 ) = LWMIN * RETURN * * End of ZTGSYL * END