%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "0.12", %%% date = "27 November 2011", %%% time = "17:36:39 MST", %%% filename = "szilard-leo.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "13552 5412 24426 238315", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "BibTeX; bibliography; Einstein--Szilard %%% refrigerator; Leo Szilard; Maxwell's demon; %%% Szilard--Chalmers reaction; Szilard engine", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a preliminary bibliography of the %%% works of Leo Szilard (February 11, 1898 -- %%% May 30, 1966), distinguished physicist, %%% inventor, and biologist. The Hungarian form %%% of his name is Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}, and is %%% used that way in Hungarian-language %%% publications in this bibliography. The %%% accents are almost always dropped in English %%% publications. %%% %%% See %%% %%% http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Szilard %%% http://www.nndb.com/people/472/000104160/ %%% %%% for a brief biography, and some of the book %%% entries in this file for more detailed %%% biographies, as well as the memoir (entry %%% Wigner:1969:BML), the Szilard archive (entry %%% Anonymous:1998:RLS), and the Szilard %%% centenary volume (entry Marx:1998:LSC). %%% %%% On September 12, 1933, after reading a London %%% Times article that quoted the Nobel Prize %%% winning physicist Ernest Rutherford saying %%% ``anyone who looked for a source of power in %%% the transformation of the atoms was talking %%% moonshine'', Leo Szilard became the first to %%% conceive of the possibility of a neutron %%% chain reaction, and a few months later, in %%% March 1934, he filed a British patent %%% application on the neutron chain reaction %%% (entry Szilard:1935:PSN), the first in that %%% new area of physics. %%% %%% Szilard was enough of a maverick that General %%% Groves, the military head of the Manhattan %%% Project, in 1942 wanted Szilard arrested and %%% detained for the duration of the war. For %%% similar reasons, British Prime Minister %%% Winston Churchill wanted the same treatment %%% for Niels Bohr. Fortunately for both %%% scientists, neither was detained during World %%% War II. %%% %%% In 1944, Szilard coined the term ``breeder %%% reactor'' for a power-generating device that %%% generates more fuel than it consumed. %%% %%% In 1946, Leo Szilard, Albert Einstein, and %%% others founded the Emergency Committee of %%% Atomic Scientists. %%% %%% In 1947, Szilard left physics research for %%% molecular biology, a field in which he worked %%% the rest of his life. In 1948, he invented %%% the chemostat, a device for continuous %%% production of bacterial cultures under %%% controlled conditions (see entries %%% Novick:1950:DC and Novick:1950:ECS). %%% Szilard's last paper is entry %%% Szilard:1964:MR. %%% %%% Entry Dannen:1998:LSI describes many of %%% Szilard's inventions. Dannen quotes Dennis %%% Gabor, winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize in %%% Physics for the invention of holography: %%% ``Had he pushed through to success all his %%% new inventions, we would now talk of him as %%% the Edison of the twentieth century''. %%% %%% Dannen goes on to note ``Leo Szilard %%% conceived, and filed patent applications on, %%% many of the key inventions of the 20th %%% century. His ideas included the cyclotron, %%% linear accelerator, electron microscope, %%% nuclear chain reaction, and nuclear %%% reactor. Szilard himself did not build all of %%% these devices, or publish these ideas in %%% scientific journals, and so their credit %%% often went to others. As a result, Szilard %%% never received the Nobel Prize, but two of %%% his inventions did. Ernest Lawrence received %%% the 1939 Nobel Prize [in Physics] for the %%% cyclotron. Ernst Ruska received the 1986 %%% Nobel Prize [in Physics] for the electron %%% microscope. ... Szilard filed his first %%% patent in Germany in 1923 on an x-ray %%% sensitive cell. ... His next inventions were %%% improvements to mercury vapor lamps ...''. %%% %%% See %%% %%% http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1939/ %%% http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ %%% %%% In 1926, Albert Einstein was distressed by %%% the death of a family killed by gases leaking %%% from a refrigerator (that was pre-Freon %%% days), and began a seven-year collaboration %%% with Szilard. ``Einstein and Szilard would %%% file more than 45 patent applications in at %%% least six countries. In the end, none of %%% their refrigerator designs would reach %%% consumers. ... One of their inventions, the %%% Einstein--Szilard pump, later found a higher %%% use cooling breeder reactors.'' %%% %%% About the later use in refrigerators of the %%% inert Freon, Dannen writes ``Only decades %%% later, of course, would it be realized that %%% such chlorofluorocarbons might endanger the %%% ozone layer of the entire planet. So you see %%% that perhaps Einstein and Szilard had a %%% better idea.'' %%% %%% Dannen later continues about Szilard: %%% ``During his Berlin years, ... he also filed %%% for patent on three other major inventions. %%% It is well known that he filed patent %%% applications on the linear accelerator and %%% the cyclotron --- two devices that %%% revolutionized 20th century physics. It is %%% not as well known that Szilard also foresaw, %%% and filed for patent on, the electron %%% microscope.'' %%% %%% Dannen writes: ``In ... London, in the fall %%% of 1933, that Szilard conceived his greatest %%% invention. After reading in the newspaper %%% that Ernest Rutherford called the possibility %%% of atomic energy `moonshine,' Szilard %%% conceived the neutron chain %%% reaction. ... British patent 440,023 %%% ... discussed nuclear transmutation only by %%% individual neutrons. Szilard considered the %%% idea of the chain reaction too dangerous for %%% publication. He moved that idea into a %%% separate patent [British patent 630,726], and %%% assured its secrecy by assigning it to the %%% British Admiralty.'' %%% %%% Finally, Dannen reports ``In 1955 Szilard and %%% Enrico Fermi, as assignors to the U.S. Atomic %%% Energy Commission, were awarded the joint %%% patent on that first nuclear reactor. When it %%% issued this patent, the U.S. Patent Office %%% compared its significance to the patents by %%% Samuel Morse for the telegraph and Alexander %%% Graham Bell for the telephone.'' That patent %%% is recorded in this file in entry %%% Fermi:1955:NR. %%% %%% All U.S. patents known to have been awarded %%% to Szilard are recorded in this bibliography, %%% although there might be omissions due to %%% poor-quality text conversion from patent %%% scans. His German and British patents have %%% yet to be identified sufficiently from %%% reliable sources to include in this file. %%% %%% Because of Szilard's wartime work in nuclear %%% physics, it is likely that there remain many %%% classified documents authored by him that %%% have not been identified, and thus are absent %%% from this file. %%% %%% There are several Web sites devoted to %%% Szilard: %%% %%% http://www.dannen.com/szilard.html %%% http://www.dannen.com/chronbio.html %%% http://www.dannen.com/home.html %%% http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/SzilardPhoto.shtml %%% http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/Einstein.shtml %%% %%% There are biographies and bibliographies at %%% %%% http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Szilard,+Leo %%% http://www.magyarorszag.hu/angol/orszaginfo/magyarok/hiresek/szilardleo/szilard_a.html %%% %%% The famous letter from Albert Einstein %%% (instigated by his old friend and fellow %%% inventor, Leo Szilard) to President Franklin %%% D. Roosevelt is available, with extensive %%% commentary, here: %%% %%% http://www.dannen.com/ae-fdr.html %%% %%% At version 0.12, the year coverage looked %%% like this: %%% %%% 1917 ( 1) 1948 ( 1) 1979 ( 3) %%% 1918 ( 0) 1949 ( 3) 1980 ( 2) %%% 1919 ( 0) 1950 ( 4) 1981 ( 1) %%% 1920 ( 0) 1951 ( 1) 1982 ( 0) %%% 1921 ( 0) 1952 ( 1) 1983 ( 1) %%% 1922 ( 1) 1953 ( 0) 1984 ( 1) %%% 1923 ( 0) 1954 ( 2) 1985 ( 2) %%% 1924 ( 0) 1955 ( 3) 1986 ( 0) %%% 1925 ( 2) 1956 ( 0) 1987 ( 3) %%% 1926 ( 1) 1957 ( 4) 1988 ( 0) %%% 1927 ( 0) 1958 ( 3) 1989 ( 1) %%% 1928 ( 0) 1959 ( 4) 1990 ( 2) %%% 1929 ( 3) 1960 ( 9) 1991 ( 0) %%% 1930 ( 1) 1961 ( 3) 1992 ( 5) %%% 1931 ( 1) 1962 ( 4) 1993 ( 3) %%% 1932 ( 0) 1963 ( 1) 1994 ( 6) %%% 1933 ( 0) 1964 ( 8) 1995 ( 0) %%% 1934 ( 4) 1965 ( 1) 1996 ( 5) %%% 1935 ( 3) 1966 ( 0) 1997 ( 4) %%% 1936 ( 1) 1967 ( 0) 1998 ( 40) %%% 1937 ( 1) 1968 ( 1) 1999 ( 1) %%% 1938 ( 0) 1969 ( 2) 2000 ( 2) %%% 1939 ( 5) 1970 ( 0) 2001 ( 5) %%% 1940 ( 0) 1971 ( 0) 2002 ( 5) %%% 1941 ( 0) 1972 ( 2) 2003 ( 3) %%% 1942 ( 0) 1973 ( 2) 2004 ( 2) %%% 1943 ( 0) 1974 ( 2) 2005 ( 5) %%% 1944 ( 0) 1975 ( 0) 2006 ( 1) %%% 1945 ( 1) 1976 ( 2) 2007 ( 3) %%% 1946 ( 4) 1977 ( 0) 2008 ( 1) %%% 1947 ( 3) 1978 ( 2) 2009 ( 2) %%% 20xx ( 1) %%% %%% Article: 135 %%% Book: 42 %%% InCollection: 4 %%% InProceedings: 1 %%% Misc: 20 %%% PhdThesis: 3 %%% Proceedings: 2 %%% %%% Total entries: 207 %%% %%% Data for this bibliography have been %%% collected from %%% %%% * the University of Utah Mathematics %%% Department bibliography archives %%% %%% * the TeX User Group bibliography %%% archives %%% %%% * the Karlsruhe Computer Science %%% bibliography archives %%% %%% * the Karlsruhe virtual catalog at %%% http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk_en.html %%% %%% * the US Library of Congress catalog at %%% http://catalog.loc.gov/ %%% %%% * the author's cattobib utility, which %%% provides Z39.50 interfaces to many %%% large libraries around the world, at %%% http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/cattobib/ %%% %%% * the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear %%% Issues, at Washington and Lee %%% University, Lexington, VA, USA, %%% http://alsos.wlu.edu/ %%% %%% * the American Institute of Physics %%% Scitation database at %%% http://scitation.aip.org/search_scitation %%% %%% * the American Physical Society PROLA %%% database at %%% http://publish.aps.org/search %%% %%% * the American Mathematical Society %%% MathSciNet database at %%% http://ams.rice.edu/mathscinet/search.html %%% %%% * the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists %%% (archives available, albeit inconveniently, %%% via http://books.google.com/) %%% %%% * the Canadian Journal of Physics %%% database at %%% http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/search/advanced %%% %%% * the European Mathematical Society %%% Zentralblatt fuer Mathematik database %%% at http://zb.msri.org/ZMATH/zmath/en/ %%% %%% * the Europhysics journal archive at %%% http://www.europhysicsnews.org/ %%% %%% * the JSTOR database at %%% http://www.jstor.org/, and %%% %%% * the Nature journal archive at %%% http://www.nature.com/search/ %%% %%% * the journal archives of the National %%% Academy of Science at %%% http://www.pnas.org/ %%% %%% * the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System at %%% http://adsabs.harvard.edu/ %%% %%% * the Science journal archive at %%% http://www.sciencemag.org/search %%% %%% * the SPIRES high-energy physics %%% literature database at the Stanford %%% Linear Accelerator at Stanford %%% University at %%% http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/hep/search/ %%% %%% * the Springer journal database at %%% http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-13-0-0 %%% %%% * the Wiley journal database at %%% http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ %%% %%% * many online library catalogs, including %%% those of the British Library, the %%% Karlsruhe Virtual Library catalog, the %%% Oxford University Library, the University of %%% California library system, and the US %%% Library of Congress. %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{ "\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle#1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \cdprime \def \cdprime{$''$} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \cprime \def \cprime{$'$} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \url \input{path.sty} \fi" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-AMER-J-PHYSICS = "American Journal of Physics"} @String{j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society"} @String{j-BULL-AT-SCI = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"} @String{j-CHAOS = "Chaos (Woodbury, NY)"} @String{j-EUROPHYS-LETT = "Europhysics Letters"} @String{j-EUROPHYS-NEWS = "Europhysics News"} @String{j-FIZ-SZ = "Fizikai Szemle (Budapest)"} @String{j-HARPERS-MAG = "Harper's Magazine"} @String{j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS = "International Journal of Theoretical Physics"} @String{j-MUTAT-RES = "Mutation Research"} @String{j-NATURE = "Nature"} @String{j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN = "Naturwissenschaften"} @String{j-PHYS-REV = "Physical Review"} @String{j-PHYS-TODAY = "Physics Today"} @String{j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA = "Proceedings of the {National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}"} @String{j-SCI-AMER = "Scientific American"} @String{j-SCIENCE = "Science"} @String{j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-MOD-PHYS = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics"} @String{j-TECH-CULTURE = "Technology and Culture"} @String{j-Z-PHYSIK = "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Publishers and their addresses: @String{pub-AIP = "American Institute of Physics"} @String{pub-AIP:adr = "Woodbury, NY, USA"} @String{pub-BANTAM = "Bantam Books"} @String{pub-BANTAM:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-HARVARD = "Harvard University Press"} @String{pub-HARVARD:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} @String{pub-MIT = "MIT Press"} @String{pub-MIT:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} @String{pub-OXFORD = "Oxford University Press"} @String{pub-OXFORD:adr = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"} @String{pub-PRINCETON = "Princeton University Press"} @String{pub-PRINCETON:adr = "Princeton, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-SAUR = "K. G. Saur"} @String{pub-SAUR:adr = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany; New Providence, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER = "Simon and Schuster"} @String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-ST-MARTINS = "St. Martin's Press"} @String{pub-ST-MARTINS:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-STANFORD = "Stanford University Press"} @String{pub-STANFORD:adr = "Stanford, CA, USA"} @String{pub-U-CHICAGO = "University of Chicago Press"} @String{pub-U-CHICAGO:adr = "Chicago, IL, USA"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Part 1 (of 2) --- Leo Szilard and his works %%% TO DO: Find Hungarian patent 102,079. %%% %%% From \cite{Dannen:1998:LSI}: Einstein and Szilard would file more %%% than 45 patent applications in at least six countries. %%% %%% A search of the http://patft.uspto.gov/ Web site for inventor %%% Szilard returns the numbers below. Early ones are not available in %%% text form, but only as page images. All of the text patents are too %%% new to be Leo Szilard. The Google patent search site does not find %%% any more Szilard patents than those already present in this %%% bibliography, and most are found only with search strings of the %%% form "patent:7,066,449", rather than by a patent author search. %%% There are many errors of character recognition in the patent scans, %%% so it is possible that some US Szilard patents have been missed in %%% this list. All have been checked, and bracketed initials %%% following the patent numbers identify authors of patents of Leo %%% Szilard. %%% %%% PAT. NO. Title %%% %%% 1 7,066,449 Full-Text Process and apparatus for uprooting trees %%% 2 5,664,368 Full-Text Process for the development of novel type of plants with nitrogen-fixing capacity also in their leaves %%% 3 5,026,895 Full-Text Novel (trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy-benzoic acid derivatives, process for the preparation thereof and fungicides containing these compounds as active ingredient %%% 4 4,985,463 Full-Text Aminodiaryl sulfoxide derivatives, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical and pesticidal compositions containing them %%% 5 4,880,010 Full-Text Method of and apparatus for ultrasonic imaging %%% 6 4,831,194 Full-Text Process for the preparation of nitrodiaryl sulfoxides %%% 7 4,710,323 Full-Text Nitrodiaryl sulfoxide derivatives, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical and pesticidal compositions containing them as active ingredient %%% 8 4,668,247 Full-Text Hydrogen energy releasing catalyst %%% 9 4,576,637 Full-Text Process for preparing silicon-base complex ferrous alloys %%% 10 4,530,819 Full-Text Process for reducing the iron %%% 11 4,486,825 Full-Text Circuit arrangement for extended addressing of a microprocessor system %%% 12 4,425,219 Full-Text Method for the production of liquid carbon compounds from coal %%% 13 4,416,862 Full-Text Process for the preparation of aluminium trichloride and silicon dioxide by chlorination of alumina with silicon tetrachloride %%% 14 4,368,333 Full-Text Method for the chemical utilization of coal by liquid phase oxidation %%% 15 4,366,129 Full-Text Process for producing alumina and ferric oxide from aluminium carriers with high iron and silicon content %%% 16 3,956,454 Full-Text Process for producing aluminum trichloride %%% 17 3,459,871 Full-Page Image 174/25R 162/157.5 174/110R 174/120R 174/122R 174/26R %%% 18 3,017,569 Full-Page Image 324/425 422/76 %%% 19 2,986,510 [EW/LS/RFC/FLF] Full-Page Image 376/341 376/171 376/358 976/DIG.34 %%% 20 2,886,503 [LS/EW/EC] Full-Page Image 376/395 376/264 376/366 376/414 376/424 976/DIG.46 976/DIG.50 %%% 21 2,872,401 [EW/LS/EC] Full-Page Image 376/416 376/268 376/423 376/455 428/650 428/655 428/939 976/DIG.53 %%% 22 2,836,554 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/383 376/264 376/269 376/908 976/DIG.187 %%% 23 2,832,733 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/368 376/189 376/214 376/298 376/330 376/363 376/364 376/401 376/454 376/455 976/DIG.102 976/DIG.189 976/DIG.197 976/DIG.27 976/DIG.310 %%% 24 2,825,689 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/361 376/420 376/451 976/DIG.46 %%% 25 2,807,581 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/347 376/287 376/432 376/908 976/DIG.17 976/DIG.287 %%% 26 2,798,847 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/219 376/158 376/171 376/300 376/339 376/903 376/904 976/DIG.17 976/DIG.25 976/DIG.39 976/DIG.5 %%% 27 2,796,396 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/208 376/210 376/328 376/402 376/906 976/DIG.189 976/DIG.310 %%% 28 2,778,792 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/265 134/22.1 134/28 134/30 376/311 376/358 423/20 423/260 976/DIG.259 %%% 29 2,708,656 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/381 122/1R 165/47 165/78 250/496.1 252/478 376/255 376/264 376/272 376/300 376/327 376/342 376/347 376/350 376/401 376/458 376/903 376/908 976/DIG.17 976/DIG.25 976/DIG.39 976/DIG.5 %%% 30 2,320,201 Full-Page Image 174/121A 514/736 %%% 31 2,222,638 Full-Page Image 174/116 106/18.33 174/120C 174/121R 514/367 523/122 %%% 32 2,161,985 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/156 307/110 313/230 313/32 313/35 313/39 376/169 376/189 376/192 376/199 %%% 33 2,110,312 Full-Page Image 379/74 379/82 379/84 %%% 34 1,781,541 [AE/LS] Full-Page Image 62/110 62/112 62/490 %%% 35 1,715,874 [LS] Full-Page Image 313/165 220/2.1R 313/167 313/168 313/22 313/328 313/34 313/611 417/152 %%% 36 1,704,308 Full-Page Image 51/309 51/307 %%% 37 1,697,210 [LS] Full-Page Image 313/22 220/2.1R 313/167 313/566 313/7 %%% 38 1,329,073 Full-Page Image 441/57 2/159 441/119 [1920] @Book{Szilard:1917:LSI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{L'homme} sous l'influence des facteurs biologiques radioactifs. (French) [{Man} under the influence of radioactive biological factors]", publisher = "Tip. Felipe Pe{\~n}a Cruz", address = "Madrid, Spain", pages = "24", year = "1917", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:56:47 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "French", xxnote = "Check year: it is clearly wrong! Web searches find this publisher only in the early 1900s (Tip == Tipografia??), but no current Web site. Only a single Spanish library catalog (http://rebiun.crue.org/) seems to record this book. Google and Bing search engines cannot find it. A Spanish translation of the title might be ``El hombre bajo la influencia de factores biol{\'o}gicos radiactivos'', but searches for those words are similarly unsuccessful.", } @PhdThesis{Szilard:1922:TSG, author = "L. Szilard", title = "{\"Uber die thermodynamischen Schwankungserscheinungen}. ({German}) [{On} thermodynamic fluctuation phenomena]", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "Freie Universit{\"a}t Berlin", address = "Berlin, Germany", pages = "45", year = "1922", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:38:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This dissertation was awarded the notation ``exima'': the highest honor.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Max von Laue", language = "German", ZMnumber = "51.0695.19", } @Article{Mark:1925:EVA, author = "H. Mark and L. Szilard", title = "{Ein einfacher Versuch zur Auffindung eines selektiven Effektes bei der Zerstreuung von R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen}. ({German}) [{A} simple test for the detection of a selective effect on the scattering of {X}-rays]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "688--691", month = dec, year = "1925", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01328354", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:41:53 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/h672566162427q81/; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1925ZPhy...33..688M", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1925:APT, author = "L. Szilard", title = "{\"Uber die Ausdehnung der ph\"anomenologischen Thermodynamik auf die Schwankungserscheinungen}. ({German}) [{On} the extension of the phenomenological Thermodynamics to fluctuation phenomena]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "753--788", month = dec, year = "1925", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01331713", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:38:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1925ZPhy...32..753S", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", reviewer = "Prof. W. Gordon (Hamburg)", ZMnumber = "51.0403.01", } @Article{Mark:1926:PRD, author = "H. Mark and L. Szilard", title = "{Die Polarisierung von R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen durch Reflexion an Kristallen}. ({German}) [{The} polarization of {X}-ray beams through reflection in crystals]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "35", number = "19", pages = "743--747", month = oct, year = "1926", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386041", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:46:28 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926ZPhy...35..743M", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik", language = "German", } @Misc{Szilard:1929:DTa, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Discharge Tube", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 1,697,210", day = "1", month = jan, year = "1929", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:45:22 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 20, 1925, serial number 24,575, and in Germany, September 3, 1924.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1929:DTb, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Discharge Tube", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 1,715,874", day = "4", month = jun, year = "1929", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:41:19 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "File October 28, 1925, serial number 65,394, and in Germany November 5, 1924.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "thermionic discharge tube", } @Article{Szilard:1929:EET, author = "L. Szilard", title = "{\"Uber die Entropieverminderung in einem thermodynamischen System bei Eingriffen intelligenter Wesen}. ({German}) [{On} entropy reduction in a thermodynamic system by interference by intelligent subjects]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "53", number = "11--12", pages = "840--856", month = "????", year = "1929", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01341281", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:38:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This paper contains Szilard's classic analysis of Maxwell's demon, and shows that the entropy of a unit of information is equal to $k \log 2$, foreshadowing Claude Shannon's famous 1948 work on ``A Mathematical Theory of Communication''. See also the later English translations \cite{Szilard:1964:DET,Szilard:1976:ERT}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1929ZPhy...53..840S", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", reviewer = "Prof. W. Gordon (Hamburg)", ZMnumber = "55.0488.06", } @Misc{Einstein:1930:R, author = "Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard", title = "Refrigeration", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 1,781,541.", pages = "4", day = "11", month = nov, year = "1930", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:09:21 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Application filed December 16, 1927 (serial number 240,566) and in Germany, December 16, 1926. See \cite{Dannen:1997:ESR} for an account of this invention.", URL = "http://www.google.com/patents?id=t0BRAAAAEBAJ", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rupp:1931:BPE, author = "E. Rupp and L. Szilard", title = "{Beeinflussung ,,polarisierter'' Elektronenstrahlen durch Magnetfelder}. ({German}) [{Influence} on polarized electron beams by magnetic fields]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "19", number = "??", pages = "422--423", month = may, year = "1931", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01516395", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:50:35 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931NW.....19..422R", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Brasch:1934:ANB, author = "A. Brasch and F. Lange and A. Waly and T. E. Banks and T. A. Chalmers and L. Szilard and F. L. Hopwood", title = "{Ausl{\"o}sung von Neutronen aus Beryllium durch harte R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen. Erzeugung radioaktiver Elemente}. ({German}) [{Release} of neutrons from beryllium by hard {X}-rays. Production of radioactive elements]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "22", number = "50", pages = "839--839", month = dec, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01497363", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:55:04 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934NW.....22..839B", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Article{Brasch:1934:LNB, author = "A. Brasch and F. Lange and A. Waly and T. E. Banks and T. A. Chalmers and Leo Szilard and F. L. Hopwood", title = "Liberation of Neutrons from Beryllium by {X}-Rays: Radioactivity Induced by Means of Electron Tubes", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "134", number = "3397", pages = "880--880", day = "8", month = dec, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/134880a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:01:06 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v134/n3397/pdf/134880a0.pdf; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934Natur.134..880B", abstract = "It has been recently reported1 that neutrons are liberated from beryllium by -rays of radium and that these are able to induce radioactivity in iodine. Following up this work, we have attempted to liberate neutrons from beryllium by means of hard X-rays, produced by high-voltage electron tubes. An electron tube, which could conveniently be operated by a high-voltage impulse generator at several million volts2, is at present in use in the High Tension Laboratory of the A.E.G. in Berlin, and has served in the present experiment for the production of X-rays.", abstract-2 = "X-rays from a tungsten anticathode generated at a voltage above 1-5 x 106 v. were allowed to fall on beryllium. An organic bromine compound (bromo-form) was exposed to the radiation of the beryllium and this compound was then sent by air from Berlin to London.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1934:CSR, author = "Leo Szilard and T. A. Chalmers", title = "Chemical Separation of the Radioactive Element from its Bombarded Isotope in the {Fermi} Effect", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "134", number = "3386", pages = "462--462", day = "22", month = sep, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/134462b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:05:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v134/n3386/pdf/134462b0.pdf; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934Natur.134..462S", abstract = "Following the pioneer experiment of Fermi, it has been found by Fermi, Amaldi, D'Agostino, Rasetti and Segr{\`e} that many elements up to the atomic number 30, when bombarded by neutrons from a radon-beryllium source, are transmuted into a radioactive element which is chemically different from the bombarded element. In several cases of this type, they succeeded in separating chemically the active substance from the bulk of the bombarded element, and there is no inherent difficulty in getting any desirable concentration of the radioactive element.", abstract-2 = "They have not observed such chemical changes in elements above the atomic number 30, though many of these heavier elements show strong Fermi effects. For some of these, for example, arsenic, bromine, iodine, iridium and gold, they could show that the activity is carried by the bombarded element, which in the circumstances leads to the conclusion that the radioactive element is an isotope of the bombarded element.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Szilard--Chalmers reaction (method for concentrating artificially-produced radioactive isotopes)", } @Article{Szilard:1934:DNL, author = "Leo Szilard and T. A. Chalmers", title = "Detection of Neutrons Liberated from Beryllium by Gamma Rays: a New Technique for Inducing Radioactivity", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "134", number = "3887", pages = "494--495", day = "29", month = sep, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/134494b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:03:00 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v134/n3387/pdf/134494b0.pdf; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934Natur.134..494S", abstract = "We have observed that a radiation emitted from beryllium under the influence of radium gamma rays excites induced radioactivity in iodine, and we conclude that neutrons are liberated from beryllium by gamma rays.", abstract-2 = "Chadwick and Goldhaber were the first to observe a nuclear disintegration due to the action of gamma rays. In their pioneer experiment1, they used a small ionisation chamber filled with heavy hydrogen and observed that protons were ejected from the heavy hydrogen under the influence of gamma rays from thorium C. Their method can be used for the detection of the gamma ray disintegrations of other elements, as such a disintegration would generally be accompanied by the ejection of charged nuclei which their method is designed to detect.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Szilard--Chalmers reaction (method for concentrating artificially-produced radioactive isotopes)", } @Article{Collie:1935:CBN, author = "C. H. Collie and J. H. E. Griffiths and L. Szilard", title = "Collisions between Neutrons and Diplons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "135", number = "3422", pages = "903--904", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/135903b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:57:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v135/n3422/pdf/135903b0.pdf", abstract = "For this reason absorption measurements using a spherical absorber do not necessarily give the true absorption, since the effect of scattering will be to increase the value of 0W and thus increase the radioactivity produced. If each neutron is scattered several times, this secondary effect may cause an apparent increase in the strength of the beam by a factor as great as 2.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1935:PSN, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Provisional Specification No. 7840 1934. Improvements in or relating to the Transmutation of Chemical Elements", howpublished = "British Patent 440,023.", day = "12", month = dec, year = "1935", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:31:19 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Patent applied for on March 12, 1934.", URL = "http://nuclearhistory.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/szilards-chain-reaction-patents-440023-630726-lodged-1934/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "I cannot find this in either the UK or EU patent office Web sites; perhaps it is too old to be available electronically?", } @Article{Szilard:1935:RIN, author = "Leo Szilard and T. A. Chalmers", title = "Radioactivity Induced by Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "135", number = "3403", pages = "98--98", day = "19", month = jan, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/135098b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:59:24 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v135/n3403/pdf/135098b0.pdf", abstract = "Our own unpublished observations on indium show the one hour period and a longer period of several hours (estimated at 3J h.). If indium is irradiated in air these two periods show strong initial intensities of the same order of magnitude, but if it is irradiated in water, the one hour period is so strongly reinforced that it overshadows the long period and may thereby prevent its detection.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Szilard--Chalmers reaction (method for concentrating artificially-produced radioactive isotopes)", } @Misc{Szilard:1936:PSN, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Provisional Specification No. 19157 1934", howpublished = "British Patent 630,726.", day = "30", month = mar, year = "1936", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:31:19 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Patent applied for on June 28 or July 4, 1934 (Web sources differ), but held secret until 1949.", URL = "http://nuclearhistory.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/szilards-chain-reaction-patents-440023-630726-lodged-1934/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "I cannot find this in either the UK or EU patent office Web sites; perhaps it is too old to be available electronically?", } @Article{Griffiths:1937:GRE, author = "J. H. E. Griffiths and Leo Szilard", title = "Gamma Rays excited by Capture of Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "139", number = "3512", pages = "323--324", day = "20", month = feb, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/139323b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:14:02 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v139/n3512/pdf/139323b0.pdf", abstract = "We have used radon-beryllium sources, with an experimental arrangement designed to reduce the high background effects of the Geiger counter due to the gamma rays emitted by this type of neutron source, and also to concentrate slow neutrons on the counter.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anderson:1939:NPA, author = "H. L. Anderson and E. Fermi and Leo Szilard", title = "Neutron Production and Absorption in Uranium", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "56", number = "3", pages = "284--286", day = "1", month = aug, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.56.284", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v56/i3/p284_1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...56..284A", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @Article{Goldhaber:1939:RIN, author = "M. Goldhaber and R. D. Hill and Leo Szilard", title = "Radioactivity Induced by Nuclear Excitation {I}. Excitation by Neutrons", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "55", number = "1", pages = "47--59", day = "1", month = jan, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.47", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i1/p47_1", abstract = "It is shown that the 4.1-hr. period of indium can be produced by nuclear excitation of indium and is to be attributed to an excited metastable state, In$^{115 , *}$ of the stable In$^{115}$ . This result is obtained by studying the radioactivity produced in indium by neutrons of different energy distributions and by studying the chain reactions produced in cadmium by fast neutrons. It is found that In$^{115 * }$ can be produced from In$^{115}$ by 2.5-Mev neutrons, but not noticeably by strong sources of photoneutrons which have energies of a few hundred thousand electron volts. A radioactive Cd$^{115}$ of 2.5-day half-life time is found to transform with emission of negative electrons into In$^{115 * }$ . Cd$^{115}$ was produced by neutron loss from Cd$^{116}$ and by neutron capture from Cd$^{114}$ .", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @Article{Szilard:1939:IEF, author = "Leo Szilard and Walter H. Zinn", title = "Instantaneous Emission of Fast Neutrons in the Interaction of Slow Neutrons with Uranium", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "55", number = "8", pages = "799--800", day = "15", month = apr, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.799", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i8/p799_1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55..799S", abstract = "In this classic article, evidence from experiments conducted at Columbia University shows that approximately two neutrons are emitted for each fission of a uranium atom by slow neutrons. That number of emitted neutrons per fission supported the conclusion that a nuclear chain reaction, which could release vast amounts of energy, was possible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", ZMnumber = "Zbl 0021.09109", } @Misc{Szilard:1939:PPR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Process of Producing Radio-Active Elements", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,161,985.", pages = "6", day = "13", month = jun, year = "1939", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 18:55:07 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed March 11, 1935.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Zinn:1939:ENU, author = "W. H. Zinn and Leo Szilard", title = "Emission of Neutrons by Uranium", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "56", number = "7", pages = "619--624", day = "1", month = oct, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.56.619", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v56/i7/p619_1", abstract = "Fast neutrons emitted by uranium under the action of thermal neutrons were studied by using a radium-beryllium photoneutron source. The background due to the primary neutrons can be neglected since only a few of the photoneutrons are sufficiently fast to be counted. Data are obtained concerning the energy spectrum of the uranium fission neutrons by recording photographically by means of a linear amplifier and cathode-ray oscillograph the pulses due to helium atoms projected in an ionization chamber. Visual inspection of the record gives an upper limit of the spectrum of 3.5 Mev. The number of neutrons emitted is estimated by analyzing the pulse distribution of hydrogen atoms projected by uranium neutrons in an ionization chamber filled with hydrogen and argon. The number found is brought into relationship with the number of fissions, observed under comparable conditions in an ionization chamber lined with a thin film of uranium oxide containing a known amount of uranium. In this way it is found that about 2.3 neutrons are emitted per fission. The method used would permit a greater accuracy in the determination of this number than the actual accuracy obtained in the present experiments. This number, together with the fission cross section and the cross section for radiative capture gives the number of neutrons produced for each thermal neutron absorbed in uranium.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", ZMnumber = "Zbl 0022.19103", } @Article{Szilard:1945:WTS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "We turned the switch", journal = "The Nation", volume = "156", number = "??", pages = "718--719", day = "22", month = dec, year = "1945", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "0027-8378", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:35:12 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.thenation.com/", abstract = "In this speech, Leo Szilard discusses the atomic scientists beliefs regarding using atomic energy as a weapon, giving a chronology of the events leading to that point. The title of the speech refers to the 1939 experiment in which Szilard and Walet Zinn ran an experiment which showed that it was possible to liberate atomic energy, the pioneering experiment in the use of atomic energy. Szilard recounts the pressure the government placed on scientists working to build atomic weapons and the silence the government asked them to keep after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with contempt. He claims the only hope for controlling the use of atomic weapons is that the indecision in Washington, D.C. is not political, but a between those who understand the power of the bomb and those who do not. Szilard also discusses possible means of prevention of Soviet and American amassing of nuclear weapons.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1946:CWA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system?", crossref = "Masters:1946:OWN", pages = "61--65", year = "1946", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 15:07:31 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1946:KVU, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Kan vi undgaa Kaprustning ved et Inspektionssystem?", crossref = "Masters:1946:VEI", pages = "??--??", year = "1946", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 15:07:31 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1947:CC, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Calling for a Crusade", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "4--5", pages = "102--106", month = apr # "\slash " # may, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:39:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1947:LS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Letter to {Stalin}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "348--349", month = dec, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:39:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1947:CED, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Comment to the Editors by {Dr. Szilard}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "350, 353", month = dec, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:39:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1948:ISF, author = "L. Szilard and S. Bernstein and B. Feld and J. Ashkin", title = "Inelastic Scattering of Fast Neutrons by {Fe}, {Pb}, and {Bi}", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "73", number = "11", pages = "1307--1310", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1948", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.1307", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v73/i11/p1307_1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948PhRv...73.1307S", abstract = "Measurements of inelastic scattering effects of Ra- $\alpha$-Be and Ra-$\alpha$-B neutrons in Fe, Pb, and Bi have been made. A U$^{238}$ fission threshold detector was used. The method consisted in measuring the fission counting rate in the detector with and without the spherical scatterer surrounding the source. From the decrease in the counting rate caused by the presence of the scatterer, values of the cross section for inelastic scattering to below the U$^{238}$ fission threshold were calculated for several assumed values of the elastic scattering cross section.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @Article{Novick:1949:ELR, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Experiments on Light-Reactivation of Ultra-Violet Inactivated Bacteria", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "35", number = "10", pages = "591--600", month = oct, year = "1949", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.35.10.591", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:59:08 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949PNAS...35..591N; http://www.pnas.org/content/36/12/708.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1949:MTW, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "My Trial as a War Criminal", journal = "The {University of Chicago} Law Review", volume = "17", number = "1", pages = "79--86", month = "Autumn", year = "1949", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:57:43 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://lawreview.uchicago.edu/issues.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxURL = "http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/uclr17&div=10&collection=journals&set_as_cursor=0&men_tab=srchresults", } @Article{Szilard:1949:SWF, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Shall We Face the Facts?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "5", number = "10", pages = "269--272", month = oct, year = "1949", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:13:22 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Gerstell:1950:HSA, author = "Richard Gerstell and Leo {Szilard, former owner}", title = "How to survive an atomic bomb", volume = "845", publisher = pub-BANTAM, address = pub-BANTAM:adr, pages = "149", year = "1950", LCCN = "UF767 .G39", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "A Bantam book", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Atomic bomb; Safety measures", } @Article{Novick:1950:DC, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Description of the Chemostat", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "112", number = "2920", pages = "715--716", month = dec, year = "1950", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.112.2920.715", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 13:03:25 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950Sci...112..715N", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Novick:1950:ECS, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Experiments with the Chemostat on Spontaneous Mutations of Bacteria", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "36", number = "12", pages = "708--719", month = dec, year = "1950", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.36.12.708", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 13:01:48 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950PNAS...36..708N; http://www.pnas.org/content/36/12/708.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1950:CWI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Can We Have International Control of Atomic Energy?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "9--12", month = jan, year = "1950", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:11:03 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Novick:1951:VSI, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Virus Strains of Identical Phenotype but Different Genotype", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "113", number = "2924", pages = "34--35", month = jan, year = "1951", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.113.2924.34", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 13:05:10 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951Sci...113...34N", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Novick:1952:AM, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Anti-mutagens", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "170", number = "4335", pages = "926--927", day = "29", month = nov, year = "1952", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/170926a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:12:29 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v170/n4335/pdf/170926a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1954:SR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Security Risk", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "10", number = "12", pages = "384--386, 398", month = dec, year = "1954", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:08:02 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1955:NR, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,708,656.", day = "17", month = may, year = "1955", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 16:32:35 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed December 19, 1944.", URL = "http://www.google.com/patents?vid=2708656", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "About this patent, ``the U.S. Patent Office compared its significance to the patents by Samuel Morse for the telegraph and Alexander Graham Bell for the telephone.'' \cite{Dannen:1998:LSI}.", } @Article{Szilard:1955:DPP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Disarmament and the Problem of Peace", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "11", number = "10", pages = "297--307", month = oct, year = "1955", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:03:55 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1955:FSP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The First Step to Peace", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "11", number = "3", pages = "104--104", month = mar, year = "1955", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:05:36 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1957:MON, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Method of operating a Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,798,847.", pages = "57", day = "9", month = jul, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:20:55 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed December 1, 1952, serial number 323,452.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1957:NR, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Neutronic reactor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,807,581.", pages = "11", day = "24", month = sep, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:23:36 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed October 11, 1945, serial number 621,838.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1957:MIO, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Method of Intermittently Operating a Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,796,396", pages = "4", day = "18", month = jun, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:15:02 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 16, 1946, serial number 662,512.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1957:MUR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Method for Unloading Reactors", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,778,792", pages = "9", day = "22", month = jan, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:11:23 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 19, 1946.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1958:ACN, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Air Cooled Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,836,554", pages = "20", day = "27", month = may, year = "1958", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:30:37 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed May 29, 1945, serial number 596,465.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1958:HWM, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Heavy Water Moderated Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,832,733.", pages = "15", day = "29", month = apr, year = "1958", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 18:59:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 23, 1946. Serial number 664,145.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1958:NRF, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Neutronic Reactor and Fuel Element Therefor", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,825,689.", pages = "3", day = "4", month = mar, year = "1958", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 18:59:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 25, 1946. Serial number 664,732.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1959:JFE, author = "Leo Szilard and Eugene P. Wigner and Edward C. Creutz", title = "Jacketed Fuel Elements for Graphite Moderated Reactors", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,886,503", day = "12", month = may, year = "1959", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:34:11 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed February 20, 1946, serial number 649,080.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1959:NAP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On the nature of the aging process", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "45", number = "1", pages = "30--45", month = jan, year = "1959", CODEN = "PNASA6", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:45:21 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.pnas.org/content/45/1/30.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1959:TA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "A Theory of Ageing", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "184", number = "4691", pages = "957--958", day = "26", month = sep, year = "1959", CODEN = "NATUAS", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:10:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v184/n4691/pdf/184957a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Wigner:1959:JFE, author = "Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard and Edward C. Creutz", title = "Jacketed Fuel Element", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,872,401.", pages = "8", day = "3", month = feb, year = "1959", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 19:00:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed May 8, 1946, Serial number 668,110.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:CFS, author = "L. Szilard", title = "The Control of the Formation of Specific Proteins in Bacteria and in Animal Cells", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "277--292", month = mar, year = "1960", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.46.3.277", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:31:59 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960PNAS...46..277S; http://www.pnas.org/content/46/3/277.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:DSR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Dependence of the Sex Ratio at Birth on the Age of the Father", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "186", number = "4725", pages = "649--650", day = "21", month = may, year = "1960", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/186649a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:08:52 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v186/n4725/pdf/186649a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:MBA, author = "L. Szilard", title = "The Molecular Basis of Antibody Formation", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "293--302", month = mar, year = "1960", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.46.3.293", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960PNAS...46..293S; http://www.pnas.org/content/46/3/293.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:SS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "To Stop or Not to Stop", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "16", number = "3", pages = "82--84, 108", month = mar, year = "1960", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:09:43 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1960:SWSa, editor = "Leo Szilard and Thomas Edward Murray and John B. (John Bruce) Medaris and Edward Teller and Jerome B. (Jerome Bert) Wiesner", title = "Small world: {Szilard, Murray, Medaris, Teller, Wiesner} [Motion picture]", publisher = "Columbia Broadcasting System", address = "????", year = "1960", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "28 minute 16mm film.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Part one of The balance of terror.. CREDITS: Producers, Edward R. Morrow, Fred W. Friendly, Edward M. Jones; cameramen, Leo Rossi, Charles Mack; film editors, Joseph Fackovec, William H. Watt, Jr.. SUMMARY: Leo Szilard discusses with Thomas E. Murray, John Medaris, Edward Teller, and Jerome Wiesner the dangers of the atomic bomb, the present stockpile, and various problems associated with international disarmament. Host, Edward R. Murrow.", subject = "Nuclear disarmament", } @Book{Szilard:1960:SWSb, editor = "Leo Szilard and Hans A. (Hans Albrecht) Bethe and Lewis L. Strauss and Jerome B. (Jerome Bert) Wiesner", title = "Small world: {Szilard, Bethe, Strauss, Wiesner} [Motion picture]", publisher = "Columbia Broadcasting System", address = "????", year = "1960", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "28 minute 16mm film.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Part two of The balance of terror.. Credits: Producers, Edward R. Morrow, Fred W. Friendly, Edward M. Jones; cameramen, Leo Rossi, Charles Mack; film editors, Joseph Fackovec, William H. Watt, Jr. Summary: Leo Szilard discusses with Hans Bethe, Lewis Strauss, and Jerome Wiesner ways and means to disarmament, including the cessation of bomb testing, arms limitations, and weapons testing. Host, Edward R. Murrow.", subject = "Nuclear disarmament", } @Article{Szilard:1960:HLB, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "How to Live with the Bomb --- and Survive", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "16", number = "2", pages = "58--73", month = feb, year = "1960", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:58:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1961:VDO, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The voice of the dolphins, and other stories", publisher = pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER, address = pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr, pages = "122", year = "1961", LCCN = "PZ4.S9986 Vo", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:35:35 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Science fiction, American", } @Misc{Wigner:1961:MLI, author = "Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard and Robert F. Christy and Francis Lee Friedman", title = "Massive Leakage Irradiator", howpublished = "U.S. Patent 2,986,510", pages = "6", day = "30", month = may, year = "1961", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:36:39 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed May 14, 1946, serial number 669,524.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1962:CD, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The {Council}'s Dilemma", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "18", number = "12", pages = "5--5", month = dec, year = "1962", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:31:59 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1962:VDA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La voce dei delfini e altri racconti. ({Italian}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins and other stories]", publisher = "Feltrinelli", address = "Milano, Italy", pages = "161", year = "1962", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:01:17 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Translated by Carlo Alberto Gastecchi.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Italian", } @Book{Szilard:1962:VDF, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La voix des dauphins. ({French}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins]", publisher = "Deno{\"e}l", address = "Paris, France", pages = "176", year = "1962", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:58:57 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Translated by Philippe Chardeyron.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1962:WRW, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Are We on the Road to War?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "18", number = "4", pages = "23--30", month = apr, year = "1962", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:52:00 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1963:SDU, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{Die Stimme der Delphine: utopische Erz{\"a}hlungen}. ({German}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins: Utopian Narrative]", publisher = "Rowohlt", address = "Reinbek bei Hamburg, Germany", pages = "135", year = "1963", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:16:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Translation from English by Horst D{\"o}lvers.", language = "German", } @Article{Szilard:1964:DET, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On the Decrease of Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings", journal = "Behavioral science", volume = "9", number = "4", pages = "301--310", month = "????", year = "1964", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830090402", ISSN = "0005-7940 (print), 1932-300X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0005-7940", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:58:52 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "In memory of Leo Szilard, who passed away on May 30, 1964, we present an English translation of his classical paper {\"U}ber die Entropieverminderung in einem thermodynamischen System bei Eingriffen intelligenter Wesen, which appeared in the Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik, 1929, 53, 840--856. The publication in this journal of this translation was approved by Dr. Szilard before he died, but he never saw the copy. At Mrs. Szilard's request, Dr. Carl Eckart revised the translation.\par This is one of the earliest, if not the earliest paper, in which the relations of physical entropy to information (in the sense of modem mathematical theory of communication) were rigorously demonstrated and in which Maxwell's famous demon was successfully exorcised: a milestone in the integration of physical and cognitive concepts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1964:MDV, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "``Minimal Deterrent'' vs. Saturation Parity", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "20", number = "3", pages = "6--12", month = mar, year = "1964", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:56:00 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1964:MR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On Memory and Recall", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "51", number = "6", pages = "1092--1099", day = "15", month = jun, year = "1964", CODEN = "PNASA6", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:16:52 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/72122; http://www.pnas.org/content/51/6/1092.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "This is Szilard's last paper, completed just before his death on May 30, 1966 in La Jolla, CA, USA.", } @Article{Szilard:1965:SBS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The ``Sting of the Bee'' in Saturation Parity", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "21", number = "3", pages = "8--13", month = mar, year = "1965", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:53:40 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1968:R, author = "Leo Szilard and Kathleen R. Winsor", title = "Reminiscences", journal = "Perspectives in American History", volume = "2", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1968", ISSN = "0079-0990", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:16:45 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1969:R, author = "Leo Szilard", editor = "Bernard Bailyn and Fleming Donald", booktitle = "The Intellectual Immigration: Europe and America, 1930-1960", title = "Reminiscences", publisher = pub-HARVARD, address = pub-HARVARD:adr, pages = "94--151", year = "1969", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:17:15 2011", bibsource = "http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "This chapter from a book about immigration of intellectuals to America presents physicist Leo Szilard's spoken memoirs. They start with his leaving Germany and end with the use of the atomic bomb against Japan. Descriptions of Szilard's troubles finding a job and financial difficulties are interspersed with his moments of discovery, such as the realization of the requirements for a chain reaction, which reveal the mindset of a theoretical physicist. Szilard's time at the Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory is humorously described while including details of the important work done there. The autobiography shows mundane aspects of Manhattan Project scientists and intellectual immigrants and reveals the social aspect of Szilard's life. Appendices contain important letters written by Szilard, including his petition to the U.S. President to not use the atomic bomb against Japan. Endnotes give informative additional details.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Feld:1972:CWL, editor = "Bernard T. Feld and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "The collected works of {Leo Szilard}", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "xxii + 737", year = "1972--1978", ISBN = "0-262-06039-6", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-06039-4", LCCN = "QC3 .S97", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "With Kathleen R. Winsor. Foreword by Jacques Monod. Introductory essays by Carl Eckart and others.", abstract = "This book presents all of Leo Szilard's scientific and technical papers published between 1925 and 1964, and a selection of his unpublished reports. The papers are topically organized: physics, including thermodynamics, X-ray effects in crystals, and nuclear physics (1925--1939); the Manhattan Project, including declassified papers and some correspondence (1940--1945); biology (1949--1964); and patent applications (1925--1964). The book also has a biography and photographs from different periods of Szilard's life. The introductions to the sections and the foreword were written by Szilard's scientific colleagues. Some of the papers are in German. Although the work does not include Szilard's memorabilia, his general and political works, or his fiction, it is useful to people seeking a detailed view of the brilliant and complex man's scientific life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "English and German", subject = "physics; biology", tableofcontents = "v. 1. Scientific papers. \\ v. 2. Leo Szilard, his version of the facts", } @Article{Szilard:1976:ERT, author = "L. Szilard", title = "On entropy reduction in a thermodynamic system by interference by intelligent subjects", journal = "Zhurnal Physik", volume = "53", pages = "840--856", month = feb, year = "1976", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Translation into English from {\em Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Phys. (West Germany)}, v. 53, 1929 p. 840--856 \cite{Szilard:1929:EET}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976ZhPhy..53..840S", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "entropy, human performance, thermodynamics, enthalpy, kinetic theory, nervous system, numerical analysis", } @Book{Szilard:1980:LSH, author = "Leo Szilard and Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence", volume = "1", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, edition = "First paperback printing", pages = "xxii + 244", year = "1980", ISBN = "0-262-69070-5 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-69070-6 (paperback)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:34:35 MDT 2011", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", series = "The Collected works of Leo Szilard", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979lshv.book.....W", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1898--1964", subject = "Szilard, Leo; Colecciones de escritos; F\'isicos; Estados Unidos", subject-dates = "1898--1964", } @Book{Szilard:1981:SDS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{Die Stimme der Delphine: Science-fiction-Erz{\"a}hlungen}. ({German}) [The Voice of the Dolphins: science fiction narrative]", volume = "53", publisher = "Suhrkamp", address = "Frankfurt am Main, Germany", pages = "112", year = "1981", ISBN = "3-518-37203-3", ISBN-13 = "978-3-518-37203-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 17:54:21 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; tolk.hebis.de:210/hebis", series = "Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Book{Szilard:1985:CSC, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La coscienza si chiama {Hiroshima} : dossier sulla bomba atomica. ({Italian}) [{Consciousness} is called {Hiroshima}: file on the atomic bomb]", publisher = "Editori riuniti", address = "Roma, Italy", pages = "x + 278", year = "1985", ISBN = "88-359-2812-5", ISBN-13 = "978-88-359-2812-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:07:04 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Edited by Spencer Weart and Gertrud Wiess Szilard. Preface by Carlo Bernardini.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1992:VDO, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The voice of the dolphins and other stories", publisher = pub-STANFORD, address = pub-STANFORD:adr, edition = "Expanded", pages = "vi + 182", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-8047-1753-2, 0-8047-1754-0", ISBN-13 = "978-0-8047-1753-3, 978-0-8047-1754-0", LCCN = "PS3569.Z5 V65 1992", bibdate = "Mon Nov 7 11:53:39 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", price = "US\$20.00, US\$8.95", series = "Stanford nuclear age series", abstract = "This book by physicist Leo Szilard contains six short stories that caution against the proliferation and use of nuclear weapons. In ``Voice of the Dolphins,'' the Vienna Institute discovers ways of communicating with dolphins, which are found to be of superior intelligence to humans. The dolphins predict American--Soviet conflicts in the nuclear arms race, leading to safeguards and disarmament. Other short stories include ``My Trial as a War Criminal,'' ``The Mark Gable Foundation,'' ``Calling All Stars,'' ``Report on 'Grand Central Terminal,''' and ``The Mined Cities.'' A lengthy introduction by historian Barton J. Bernstein provides an extended biographical sketch of Szilard, especially his involvement in the nuclear program of the United States and his subsequent efforts for peace in the nuclear age.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Essays and short stories by the one who convinced Albert Einstein to write his famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the possibility of building an atomic bomb.", subject = "Science fiction, American", } @Article{Szilard:1998:EKT, author = "Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o}", title = "{\'E}rz{\'e}keny kisebbs{\'e}g a tud{\'o}st{\'a}rsadalomban. ({Hungarian}) [{The} sensitive minority among men of science]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Szilard:1998:LSH, author = "Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o}", title = "Lev{\'e}l {Szt{\'a}linhoz}. ({Hungarian}) [{Letter} to {Stalin}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Book{Szilard:2003:GCT, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Grand central terminal : rapporto da un pianeta estinto. ({Italian}) [{Grand Central Terminal}: report from an extinct planet]", publisher = "Orecchio acerbo", address = "Roma, Italy", pages = "????", year = "2003", ISBN = "88-900693-9-2", ISBN-13 = "978-88-900693-9-0", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:03:15 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Italian", } @Book{Szilard:2004:VDI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La voce dei delfini. ({Italian}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins]", publisher = "L'ancora del mediterraneo", address = "Napoli, Italy", pages = "127", year = "2004", ISBN = "88-8325-145-8", ISBN-13 = "978-88-8325-145-0", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:05:25 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Italian", } @Book{Szilard:2005:DHH, author = "Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o}", title = "A delfinek hangja. ({Hungarian}) [{The} voice of dolphins]", publisher = "Kairosz", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "124", year = "2005", ISBN = "963-9568-95-3", ISBN-13 = "978-963-9568-95-2", LCCN = "PS3569.Z5 V6515 2005", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:2007:CWA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system?", crossref = "Masters:2007:OWN", pages = "??--??", year = "2007", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 15:09:14 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } %%% ======================================================================== %%% Part 2 (of 2) --- publications about Leo Szilard @Article{Anker:1960:PBM, author = "H. S. Anker", title = "A Possible Biochemical Mechanism for Memory", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "188", number = "4754", pages = "938--938", month = "????", year = "1960", CODEN = "NATUAS", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:03:51 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Leo Szilard", } @Article{Smith:1960:EDS, author = "Alice Kimball Smith", title = "The Elusive {Dr. Szilard}", journal = j-HARPERS-MAG, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "77--86", month = jul, year = "1960", CODEN = "HAMAA3", ISSN = "1045-7143", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:37:48 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1961:CIL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Close-up: '{I}'m Looking for a Market For Wisdom:' {Leo Szilard}, Scientist", journal = "Life", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "75--79", day = "1", month = sep, year = "1961", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1964:SIB, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Salk Institute for Biological Studies : Dr. Leo Szilard}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "202", number = "4929", pages = "238--239", month = apr, year = "1964", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/202238d0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964Natur.202T.238.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Coffin:1964:LSC, author = "Tristram Coffin", title = "{Leo Szilard}: The Conscience of a Scientist", journal = "Holiday", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "64--67, 92--99", month = feb, year = "1964", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:40:29 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rabinowitch:1964:JFL, author = "Eugene Rabinowitch", title = "{James Franck 1882--1964, Leo Szilard 1898--1964}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "20", number = "10", pages = "16--20", month = oct, year = "1964", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:42:34 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rosenfeld:1964:WLS, author = "Albert Rosenfeld", title = "This was {Leo Szilard}: Remembrance of a Genius", journal = "Life", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "31", day = "12", month = jun, year = "1964", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:41:28 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Shils:1964:LSM, author = "Edward Shils", title = "{Leo Szilard}, {A} Memoir", journal = "Encounter", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "35--41", month = dec, year = "1964", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:43:30 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Wigner:1969:BML, author = "Eugene P. Wigner", title = "Biographical Memoir: {Leo Szilard} (1898--1964)", journal = "National Academy of Sciences", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "335--347", month = "????", year = "1969", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:25:17 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/lszilard.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Esterer:1972:PAA, author = "Arnulf K. Esterer and Louise A. Esterer", title = "Prophet of the atomic age: {Leo Szilard}", publisher = "Julian Messner", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "189", year = "1972", ISBN = "0-671-32522-1 (hardcover), 0-671-32523-X (MCE)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-671-32522-0 (hardcover), 978-0-671-32523-7 (MCE)", LCCN = "QC16.S95 E83", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:08:07 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo", } @Article{Gabor:1973:BRB, author = "Dennis Gabor", title = "Book Review: {\booktitle{The collected works of Leo Szilard}}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "29", number = "7", pages = "51--52", month = sep, year = "1973", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:50:05 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rotblat:1973:SFL, author = "J. {Rotblat}", title = "The Sixteen Faces of {Leo Szilard}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "242", number = "5392", pages = "67--68", month = mar, year = "1973", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/242067a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973Natur.242...67R", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anderson:1974:AOT, author = "Herbert L. Anderson", title = "``All in our Time'': {Fermi}, {Szilard}, and {Trinity}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "30", number = "10", pages = "40--47", month = oct, year = "1974", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:14:47 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Weinberg:1974:BRB, author = "Alvin M. Weinberg", title = "Book Review: {\booktitle{The Collected Works of {Leo Szilard}: Scientific Papers}, edited by Bernard T. Feld and Gertrude Weiss Szilard}", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "261--263", month = mar, year = "1974", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1987668", ISSN = "0002-9505", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v42/i3/p261_s1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974AmJPh..42..261F", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Herbig:1976:KDA, author = "Jost Herbig", title = "{Kettenreaktion: das Drama der Atomphysiker}. ({German}) [{Nuclear} reaction: the drama of the atomic physicists]", publisher = "Hanser-Verlag", address = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany", pages = "514 + 8", year = "1976", ISBN = "????", ISBN-13 = "????", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Oct 12 11:54:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib", note = "Neumann J{\'a}nos (1903--1957), Teller{ }Ede (1908--2003), Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o} (1898-1964), Wigner{ }Jen{\H{o}} (1902--1995)", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Article{Feld:1978:DD, author = "Bernard T. Feld", title = "The dilemma of deterrence", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "12--13", month = mar, year = "1978", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:25:29 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "February 11, 1978 was the 80th anniversary of the birth of Leo Szilard, one of the most important spiritual and intellectual leaders of the post-World War II scientists movement that spawned the \emph{Bulletin}. Having been personally responsible, perhaps more than any other individual, for the American achievement of the Atomic Bomb, Leo spent the rest of his life in pursuit of a world order that would guarantee that it would never again be used.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Weart:1978:LSH, author = "Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence", volume = "2", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "xxii + 244", year = "1978", ISBN = "0-262-19168-7 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-19168-5 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC3 .S97 vol. 2; QC16.S95", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "The Collected works of Leo Szilard", abstract = "This book is a collection of documents, letters, and memoranda about atomic energy written by Leo Szilard. The documents, presented in English in chronological order, show the birth and growth of the atomic age from the perspective of the man who first conceived of how to construct an A-bomb. The book is a window into the written thoughts and deeds of an atomic pioneer and a highly opinionated individual. It reveals Szilard's passionate efforts to beat the Nazis in the race for the atomic bomb, followed an equally passionate effort to prevent atomic attacks against Japan in August of 1945. Szilard's ideas for an elite international organization for peace called Der Bund are presented in a draft proposal for the organization. The documents give an account not only of Szilard's life, but an expert's view on the early stages of atomic development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Correspondence; Interviews; Biography", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:ELSa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Excerpts: {Leo Szilard}: His version of the facts", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "37--40", month = feb, year = "1979", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:52:14 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1979:ELSb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Excerpts: {Leo Szilard}: His version of the facts: {Part II}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "55--59", month = mar, year = "1979", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:52:14 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bullard:1979:SHB, author = "Edward Bullard", title = "{Szilard} and his bomb", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "278", number = "5701", pages = "285--286", month = mar, year = "1979", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/278285a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Book review of \cite{Szilard:1980:LSH}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979Natur.278..285B", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Allibone:1980:DGJ, author = "T. E. Allibone", title = "{Dennis Gabor. 5 June 1900--9 February 1979}", journal = j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC, volume = "26", number = "??", pages = "106--147", month = nov, year = "1980", CODEN = "BMFRA3", ISSN = "0080-4606", ISSN-L = "0080-4606", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 12:01:51 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This memoir discusses Leo Szilard's unsuccessful attempt to convince his close friend Dennis Gabor (G{\'a}bor D{\'e}nes in Hungarian) to build the electronic microscope that Szilard had invented.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/769781", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", } @Article{Gruber:1983:MPM, author = "Carol S. Gruber", title = "{Manhattan Project} Maverick: The Case of {Leo Szilard}", journal = "Prologue", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "73--87", month = "Summer", year = "1983", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:44:48 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Feld:1984:LSS, author = "Bernard Feld", title = "{Leo Szilard}, Scientist for All Seasons", journal = "Social Research", volume = "51", number = "3", pages = "675--690", month = "????", year = "1984", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:52:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bess:1985:LSS, author = "Michael Bess", title = "{Leo Szilard}: scientist, activist, visionary", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "41", number = "11", pages = "11--18", month = dec, year = "1985", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:44:55 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bernstein:1987:LSG, author = "B. J. Bernstein", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Giving peace a chance in the nuclear age", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "40", number = "9", pages = "40--47", month = sep, year = "1987", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881087", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PhT....40i..40B", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Hawkins:1987:TLW, author = "Helen S. Hawkins and G. Allen Greb and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "Toward a livable world: {Leo Szilard} and the crusade for nuclear arms control", volume = "3", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "lxxiv + 499", year = "1987", ISBN = "0-262-19260-8, 0-262-08162-8", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-19260-6, 978-0-262-08162-7", LCCN = "QC3 .S97 vol. 3", bibdate = "Thu Mar 29 18:56:51 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Collected works of Leo Szilard", abstract = "This book, the third and final volume of the collected works of physicist Leo Szilard, concerns his forceful advocacy of nuclear arms control and world peace. Szilard, who drafted Einstein's famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and participated in the Manhattan Project, also became one of the earliest advocates of nuclear arms control. The book is organized in seven parts starting with Szilard's first public advocacy of arms control in 1947 until his death in 1964. Each section has a general introduction and is followed by documents, such as letters and articles, written by Szilard on arms control issues. One section is devoted to Szilard's contacts with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev; another details his founding of and work on The Council for a Livable World. The book also contains a comprehensive introduction by Barton Bernstein covering Szilard's life between 1945 and 1964. It provides excellent primary source material on an important leader in the arms control and world peace movements.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Szilard was the first scientist to figure out how an atomic bomb could work.", subject = "Nuclear disarmament; History; Nuclear nonproliferation; Szilard, Leo", } @Book{Klein:1987:AOH, author = "Georg Klein", title = "{Ateisten och den heliga staden: m{\"o}ten och tankar}. ({Swedish}) [{The} atheist and the holy city: encounters and reflections]", publisher = "Bonnier", address = "Stockholm, Sweden", pages = "248", year = "1987", ISBN = "91-0-047194-1", ISBN-13 = "978-91-0-047194-1", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:49:11 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS", note = "Includes two chapters on Leo Szilard for the period 1955--1964.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Swedish", subject = "Oncology; philosophy", } @Article{Lanouette:1989:BTB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Bumbling toward the bomb", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "45", number = "7", pages = "7--11", month = sep, year = "1989", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:21:40 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Contains reproduction of August 2, 1939 Einstein\slash Szilard letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Berger:1990:SDR, author = "Jorge Berger", title = "{Szilard}'s demon revisited", journal = j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS, volume = "29", number = "9", pages = "985--995", month = sep, year = "1990", CODEN = "IJTPBM", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00673684", ISSN = "0020-7748", ISSN-L = "0020-7748", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990IJTP...29..985B", abstract = "We show that piston fluctuations are of crucial importance in the analysis of a Szilard engine. Some engines which do not require information in order to perform a Szilard cycle actually do not work. We pinpoint the mechanism and stages which require work investment when a measuring instrument is reset.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Klein:1990:AHC, author = "George Klein", title = "The atheist and the holy city: encounters and reflections", publisher = "MIT Press", address = "Cambridge, MA, USA", pages = "xiv + 223", year = "1990", ISBN = "0-262-11041-5, 0-262-11155-1", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-11041-9, 978-0-262-11155-3", LCCN = "RC265 .K5413 1990", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:46:24 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Includes two chapters on Leo Szilard for the period 1955--1964.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Translation of \cite{Klein:1987:AOH}", subject = "Klein, George; Oncologists; Biography; Cancer; Science; Philosophy; Medical Oncology; essays; Philosophy, Medical", subject-dates = "1925--", } @Book{Cairns:1992:POM, editor = "John Cairns and Gunther S. (Gunther Siegmund) Stent and James D. Watson", title = "Phage and the origins of molecular biology", publisher = "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press", address = "Plainview, NY, USA", pages = "x + 366", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-87969-407-6", ISBN-13 = "978-0-87969-407-4", LCCN = "QR342 .P45 1992", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:16:55 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Contains some discussion of Leo Szilard's work in biology.", subject = "Bacteriophages; Molecular biology", } @Article{Goldberg:1992:GTR, author = "Stanley Goldberg", title = "{Groves} takes the Reins", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "48", number = "10", pages = "37--39", month = dec, year = "1992", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:58:06 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Leslie R. Groves; J. Robert Oppenheimer; Leo Szilard", } @Book{Lanouette:1992:GSB, author = "William Lanouette and Bela A. Silard", title = "Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}: the man behind the bomb", publisher = "C. Scribner's Sons", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xix + 587 + 16", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-684-19011-7", ISBN-13 = "978-0-684-19011-2", LCCN = "QC16.S95 L36 1992", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:08:45 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", price = "US\$35.00; CAN\$44.50", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994gsbl.book.....L", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "A Robert Stewart book.", subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography", } @Article{Lanouette:1992:ISP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Ideas by {Szilard}, physics by {Fermi}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "48", number = "10", pages = "16--23", month = dec, year = "1992", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:58:06 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Bess:1993:RUM, author = "Michael Bess", title = "Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist intellectuals and their strategies for peace, 1945--1989: {Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA), E.P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}", publisher = "University of Chicago Press", address = "Chicago, IL, USA", pages = "xxviii + 322", year = "1993", ISBN = "0-226-04420-3 (hardcover), 0-226-04421-1 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-04420-0 (hardcover), 978-0-226-04421-7 (paperback)", LCCN = "JX1962.A2 B47 1993", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:12:42 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/93009707.htm; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0608/93009707-t.htm; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0609/93009707-b.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Dolci, Danilo; Weiss, Louise; Thompson, E. P (Edward Palmer); Intellectual life; History; 20th century; Pacifists; Biography", subject-dates = "1893--1983; 1924--1993", } @Article{Lowen:1993:TBB, author = "Rebecca Lowen", title = "Thinking in the bathtub: book review: {\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "49", number = "5", pages = "51--52", month = jun, year = "1993", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:33:58 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?issueid=99234&selid=1830983", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Schweber:1993:VMB, author = "S. Schweber", title = "Visionary and Mobilizer. (Book Reviews: {\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}. A Biography of Leo Szilard})", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "261", number = "5127", pages = "1461--1462", month = sep, year = "1993", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.261.5127.1461", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "See \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Sci...261.1461L", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @PhdThesis{Grandy:1994:LSS, author = "David Grandy", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Science as a mode of being", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "Indiana University", address = "Bloomington, IN, USA", pages = "312", year = "1994", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:58:46 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "Leo Szilard has received scant attention from historians of science, notwithstanding his contributions to physics and biology. This neglect is particularly surprising in light of the fact that Szilard was an influential and deeply interesting figure quite apart from his scientific accomplishment. As the title of the study indicates, he did not just do science, but lived it as well. We could almost think of him as an incarnation or living instantiation of scientific values and principles were it not for the fact that such values and principles are wholly human in the first place. But this brings us to the crux of the issue: Szilard privileged science with transcendent significance. A true believer in science and its potential to save the world, he drank the cup of science to its dregs. For anyone interested in the way science has both strained and given relief to the human predicament in the twentieth century, Szilard's life is instructive.\par This study assumes that science and society are not disjoint and argues that Szilard's science was driven as much by passion and paradox as it was by cool, analytic thinking. Much of the paradox stemmed from contradictions with science itself. For example, while thermodynamics predicted universal heat death, evolutionary biology pointed toward the possibility of humankind's unlimited ascent within the cosmos. These contradictory outlooks appear to be the positive and negative poles of much of Szilard's science. As one who was very much alive to the uncertainties, paradoxes, and fantasies of science, Szilard merits our interest.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Hewlett:1994:BRW, author = "Richard G. Hewlett", title = "Book Review: {William Lanouette, \booktitle{Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard -- the Man behind the Bomb}}", journal = j-TECH-CULTURE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "442--??", month = "????", year = "1994", ISSN = "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0040-165X", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:00:58 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Leskov:1994:SFU, author = "Sergei Leskov", title = "The {Sudoplatov} File: An Unreliable Witness", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "50", number = "4", pages = "33--36", month = jul # "\slash " # aug, year = "1994", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 13:54:11 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "A retired member of the KGB claims that the great scientists --- Oppenheimer, Fermi, Szilard, and Bohr were spies for the Soviet Union. How his story stacks up, here and in Russia.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keyword = "J. Robert Oppenheimer; Enrico Fermi; Leo Szilard; Niels Bohr", } @Book{Marx:1994:VMQ, author = "George Marx", title = "The voice of the {Martians}: the quest for nuclear chain reaction: a Hungarian version: (50 years after)", publisher = "Roland E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "213 + 16", year = "1994", ISBN = "963-8051-62-0 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-963-8051-62-2 (paperback)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:52:07 MDT 2011", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "nuclear energy; history; nuclear physicists; biography; nuclear reactions", } @Article{McMillan:1994:SFF, author = "Priscilla Johnson McMillan", title = "The {Sudoplatov} File: Flimsy Memories", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "50", number = "4", pages = "30--33", month = jul # "\slash " # aug, year = "1994", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 13:54:11 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "A retired member of the KGB claims that the great scientists --- Oppenheimer, Fermi, Szilard, and Bohr were spies for the Soviet Union. How his story stacks up, here and in Russia.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keyword = "J. Robert Oppenheimer; Enrico Fermi; Leo Szilard; Niels Bohr", } @PhdThesis{Sheffield:1994:TSL, author = "Roy Scott Sheffield", title = "Tragic science of {Leo Szilard}", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "University of Florida", address = "Gainesville, FL, USA", pages = "288 (est.)", year = "1994", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:23:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.archive.org/details/tragicscienceofl00shef", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Grandy:1996:LSS, author = "David Grandy", title = "{Leo Szilard}: science as a mode of being", publisher = "University Press of America", address = "Lanham, MD, USA", pages = "xiii + 189", year = "1996", ISBN = "0-7618-0308-4 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-7618-0308-9 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC16.S95 G73 1996", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:54:51 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Based on the author's doctoral dissertation \cite{Grandy:1994:LSS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography", } @Article{Hafemeister:1996:SLS, author = "D. Hafemeister", title = "{Szilard Lecture}: In Search of an Improved Science and Public-Policy Process", journal = "APS Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "401--??", month = may, year = "1996", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:06:57 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint Meeting, May 2-5, 1996, abstract \#G4.01.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996APS..MAY..G401H", abstract = "In my view, Science is one of the main driving forces of history. The process in which debate and decisions on the public policy of science take place is flawed and in deep trouble. The first half of the talk will focus on events that I have participated in over the past twenty years in which the process stumbled ahead while the truth was often obscured for various other reasons. Physics will be applied in examples on: plutonium/breeder, counterforce arms qualities and levels, nuclear testing, ELF/EMF and SDI. The second half of the talk will be devoted to suggestions on methods to improve and enhance the processes by which these decisions are made.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Magnasco:1996:SHE, author = "M. O. Magnasco", title = "{Szilard}'s heat engine", journal = j-EUROPHYS-LETT, volume = "33", number = "8", pages = "583--588", month = mar, year = "1996", CODEN = "EULEEJ", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1996-00382-3", ISSN = "0295-5075 (print), 1286-4854 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0295-5075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:07:01 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996EL.....33..583M", abstract = "Szilard presented the first concrete embodyment of a Maxwell demon. We present a detailed kinematic analysis of his heat engine. We find that the phase space contains a branched manifold. After defining carefully the physical dynamics on such an object, we prove that the engine must operate at a loss.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Marx:1996:MMG, author = "George Marx", title = "The myth of the martians and the golden age of {Hungarian} science", journal = "Science \& Education", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "225--234", month = jul, year = "1996", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414313", ISSN = "1573-1901", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Sc%26Ed...5..225M", abstract = "Enrico Fermi was a man with outstanding talents, he had many interests outside his own particular field. He was credited with asking famous questions. There are long preambles to Fermi's questions like this: --- `The universe is vast, containing myriads of stars, many of them not unlike our Sun. Many of these stars are likely to have planets circling around them. A fair fraction of these planets will have liquid water on their surface and a gaseous atmosphere. The energy pouring down from a star will cause the synthesis of organic compounds, turning the ocean into a thin, warm soup. These chemicals will join each other to produce a self-reproducing system. The simplest living things will multiply, and evolve by natural selection and become more complicated. And eventually active, thinking creatures will emerge. Civilization, science and technology will follow. Then, yearning for fresh worlds, they will travel to neighboring planets, and later to planets of nearby stars. Eventually they should spread out all over the Galaxy. These highly exceptional and talented people could hardly overlook such a beautiful place as our Earth'. And so Fermi came to his overwhelming question, --- `If all this has been happening, they should have arrived here by now, so where are they?' It was Leo Szilard, a man with an impish sense of humor who supplied the perfect reply to Fermi's rhetoric: `They are among us', he said, `but they call themselves Hungarians'.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{vonBorstel:1996:MAA, author = "R. C. von Borstel and J. W. Drake and L. H. Loeb", title = "Mechanisms of antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis", journal = j-MUTAT-RES, volume = "350", number = "1", pages = "294", year = "1996", CODEN = "MUREAV", ISSN = "0027-5107 (print), 1873-135X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-5107", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:25:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue: mechanisms of antimutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Dedicated to Aaron Novik and the memory of Leo Szilard (1898--1964), the discoverers of antimutagenesis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Dannen:1997:ESR, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "The {Einstein--Szilard} Refrigerators", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "276", number = "1", pages = "90--95", month = jan, year = "1997", CODEN = "SCAMAC", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Sat Nov 11 18:07:43 MST 2000", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.sciam.com/1997/0107issue/0107quicksummary.html", URL = "http://www.sciam.com/0197issue/0197currentissue.html", abstract = "Strange but true: Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard, two of this century's greatest theoretical physicists, were also inventors. During the 1920s, they collaborated on designs for home refrigerators based on novel principles. Recently recovered documents explain what happened to these devices.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, classification = "641.1; 644.1; 644.2; 644.3; 803; 901.3", journalabr = "Sci Am", keywords = "Albert Einstein; Ammonia; Compressors; Electromagnetic pumps; Engineering research; Home refrigerator; Inventor; Leo Szilard; Liquid metals; Machine design; Patents and inventions; Physicist; Physics; Potassium alloys; Potassium sodium alloys; Refrigerants; Refrigeration; Refrigerators; Thermodynamics", remark = "Dannen writes: ``To the best of my knowledge, ..., none of the Einstein--Szilard designs ever reached consumers.'' Available in Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Polish, and Spanish editions of this magazine.", } @Article{Dannen:1997:SRD, author = "G. Dannen", title = "Story of refrigerator designed by {Einstein} and {Szilard} gets iced", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "50", number = "12", pages = "102--102", month = dec, year = "1997", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881619", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PhT....50l.102D", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The author comments: ``To the best of my knowledge, \ldots{}, none of the Einstein--Szilard designs ever reached consumers.''", } @Article{Neff:1997:LSA, author = "T. Neff", title = "{Leo Szilard Award Lecture}: Unwinding the Cold War", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "702--??", month = apr, year = "1997", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint Meeting, April 18--21, 1997, abstract \#G7.02.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997APS..APR..G702N", abstract = "Two generations of scientists in the US and the Soviet Union spent their lives in the shadow of the cold war, building the scientific and technical infrastructure and shaping the institutional and policy structures that maintained a stable ``balance of terror.'' The cold war is now over, but the lethal products of it, and the decaying institutions and policies that perpetuated it, are probably more dangerous than ever. At the same time, the loss of cold war imperatives means fewer government resources and less policy attention to the problems of reversing the cold war. Moreover, solving these problems will require that the forces and talents of economics and business be integrated with the technical skill and imagination of physical scientists. Science fundamentally involves skills of problem definition and problem-solving. Both American and Russian scientists and engineers must expand their tool kits and the scope of their imaginations if they are to undo the dangerous legacy of the cold war and find productive new roles in a post-cold war world. This address is intended to illustrate how this can be done, using the past five years' experience in developing and implementing the agreement between the U.S. and Russia to motivate, finance, and institutionalize the destruction of approximately 20,000 Russian nuclear weapons through the commercially-driven recovery and destruction of 500 tonnes of highly enriched uranium from those weapons. Such approaches can have benefits much broader than the destruction of weapons, if we can recognize the opportunities and pursue them wisely. Unfortunately, there is a basic lack of imagination and will, one that is further frustrated by bureaucratic inertia and the parochial interests of cold war institutions. The irony is that Russia is more ready to change than the US, but it is the US that is, in principle but perhaps not in practice, most able to help lead the world out of the cold war era.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Shils:1997:PGI, author = "Edward Shils and Joseph Epstein", title = "Portraits: a gallery of intellectuals", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "255", year = "1997", ISBN = "0-226-75336-0 (hardcover), 0-226-75337-9 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-75336-2 (hardcover), 978-0-226-75337-9 (paperback)", LCCN = "CT3990.A2 S55 1997", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:05:26 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi051/96033162.htm; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/uchi051/96033162.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1910--1995", keywords = "Leo Szilard; Robert Maynard Hutchins; Leopold Labedz'; Nirad Chaudhuri; Harold Laski; John Nef", subject = "intellectuals; United States; biography; scholars; intellectual life; 20th Century", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:OSL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Orsz{\'a}gos {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} Fizikaverseny. ({Hungarian}) [{The Leo Szilard Memorial Competition}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:PCL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Prescience and Conscience: {Le{\'o} Szil{\'a}rd} (1898--1964)", journal = j-EUROPHYS-NEWS, volume = "29", number = "3", pages = "92--93", month = "????", year = "1998", CODEN = "EUPNAS", ISSN = "0531-7479 (print), 1432-1092 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0531-7479", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:55:28 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.europhysicsnews.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Anonymous:1998:RLS, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Register of {Leo Szilard} Papers 1898--1998", howpublished = "Mandeville Special Collections Library Geisel Library University of California, San Diego", year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/testing/html/mss0032a.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Baksay:1998:SLD, author = "Baksay{ }L{\'a}szl{\'o}", title = "A {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} d{\'\i}j ({Hungarian}) [{The Leo Szilard Award}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Browne:1998:SNO, author = "John C. Browne and Mezei{ }Ferenc", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} nukle{\'a}ris {\"o}r{\"o}ks{\'e}ge {\'e}s a j{\"o}v{\H{o}}. ({Hungarian}) [{The} future of {Szil{\'a}rd}'s legacy]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Csikai:1998:SLE, author = "Csikai{ }Gyula", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} {\'e}letm{\H{u}}ve {\'e}s hat{\'a}sa. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s life work and its impact on physics]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Csoori:1998:SLE, author = "Cso{\'o}ri{ }S{\'a}ndor", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} eml{\'e}kt{\'a}bl{\'a}j{\'a}nak felavat{\'a}sa. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard} at home again]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/csoori.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Csoori::1998:SLE, author = "Cso{\'o}ri{ }S{\'a}ndor", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} eml{\'e}kt{\'a}bl{\'a}j{\'a}nak felavat{\'a}sa. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szil{\'a}rd} at home again]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Czeizel:1998:SLC, author = "Czeizel{ }Endre", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} csal{\'a}df{\'a}ja. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s family tree]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Misc{Dannen:1998:LSI, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "{Leo Szilard} the Inventor: {A} Slideshow", howpublished = "A talk delivered at the Leo Szilard Centenary E{\"o}tv{\"o}s University, Budapest, Hungary.", day = "9", month = feb, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Published [with many typographical errors] in \cite{Marx:1998:LSC}.", URL = "http://www.dannen.com/budatalk.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Earman:1998:EXW, author = "John Earman and John D. Norton", title = "Exorcist {XIV}: The Wrath of {Maxwell's Demon}. {Part I}. From {Maxwell} to {Szilard}", journal = j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-MOD-PHYS, volume = "29", number = "4", pages = "435--471", month = dec, year = "1998", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1355-2198(98)00023-9", ISSN = "1355-2198 (print), 1879-2502 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1355-2198", bibdate = "Wed Nov 2 10:28:27 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-b.bib; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13552198", URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219898000239", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics", } @Article{Erdi-Krausz:1998:UCM, author = "{\'E}rdi-Krausz{ }G{\'a}bor", title = "Az utols{\'o} csille... --- a magyarorsz{\'a}gi ur{\'a}nb{\'a}ny{\'a}szat t{\"o}rt{\'e}nete. ({Hungarian}) [{The} last miner's truck --- the history of uranium mining in {Hungary}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Gerjuoy:1998:LST, author = "E. Gerjuoy", title = "{Leo Szilard}. Toward {A} Livable World", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "405--??", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint April Meeting, April 18-21, 1998 Columbus, Ohio, abstract \#D4.05.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998APS..APR..D405G", abstract = "For essentially his entire adult life Leo Szilard sought to increase the likelihood that the results of basic scientific research, which especially since World War II have so greatly increased humanity's ability to manipulate the natural world, would be used for humanity's benefit. This talk will review and assess Szilard's endeavors in this quest, to which he so unwaveringly devoted his energies and talents. I also will reflect on the significance of that quest for this audience of scientists who, thirty four years after Szilard's death, have assembled today to honor him.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Geszti:1998:SID, author = "Geszti Tam{\'a}s", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} {\'e}s az inform{\'a}ci{\'o} d{\'e}mona. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} and the demon of information]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Gyorgy:1998:TSL, author = "Klein{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "Tal{\'a}lkoz{\'a}sok {Szil{\'a}rd} Le{\'o}val. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} plays chess with death]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Herschbach:1998:SDH, author = "Dudley Herschbach", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} {\'e}s delfinjei. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} and his dolphin]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Klara:1998:SCJ, author = "Berei{ }Kl{\'a}ra", title = "A {Szil{\'a}rd--Chalmers}-jelens{\'e}g {\'e}s a forr{\'o}atom-k{\'e}mia. ({Hungarian}) [{Szil{\'a}rd--Chalmers} effect and hot atom chemistry]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Konuma:1998:TSL, author = "Michiji Konuma", title = "Tisztelet {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}nak}. ({Hungarian}) [{Honoring Leo Szilard}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Lanouette:1998:SLK, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} --- Komikus {\'e}s kozmikus tr{\'e}famester. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szil{\'a}rd} --- a comic and cosmic wit]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Magyar:1998:EHH, author = "Magyar{ }B{\'a}lint", title = "{Erasmus Hazat{\'e}r}. ({Hungarian}) [{Erasmus} returns home]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Marx:1998:BLR, author = "George Marx", title = "{Beller Lecture}: {The} Roots of {Leo Szilard} and his Interdisciplinarity", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "404--??", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint April Meeting, April 18-21, 1998 Columbus, Ohio, abstract \#D4.04", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998APS..APR..D404M", abstract = "A Central European among the whites was said about Leo Szilard who originated from a polycultural family. In the early 20th century he grew up in Hungary, at the crossroads of history, where political regimes, national borders, ideological doctrines, ``final truths'' changed in a dizzying cavalcade. Instead of conservative dogmatism this social environment required critical thinking in order to survive. World War I was the school of Theodore von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n, John von Neumann, Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard; each of them learned trespassing political and disciplinary boundaries without inhibition. Their sensitivity for trends had been utilized by the United States when war efforts and high tech required orientation under new horizons. Szilard's interest ranged from statistical physics through information theory to biological evolution, from life phenomena through hot atoms to nuclear strategy. His intellectual adventures might look crazy jumps for specialists. But now, looking back to the political and technological history of the 20th century one can see than it was a consequent progress of a future-sensitive mind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Marx:1998:GHI, author = "Marx{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "{Gaia}, a haland{\'o} istenn{\H{o}}. ({Hungarian}) [{Gaia}, the mortal goddess]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Marx:1998:SLH, author = "Marx{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} hazat{\'e}rt. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard} returned home]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Naray-Szabo:1998:TTF, author = "N{\'a}ray-Szab{\'o}{ }G{\'a}bor", title = "A tud{\'o}s t{\'a}rsadalmi felel{\H{o}}ss{\'e}ge. ({Hungarian}) [{The} scientist's social responsibility]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Novick:1998:KBH, author = "Aaron Novick and Gene Dannen", title = "Kalandoz{\'a}s a biol{\'o}gi{\'a}ban. ({Hungarian}) [{Adventure} in biology and ideas]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Pallo:1998:SAP, author = "Pall{\'o}{ }G{\'a}bor and Marx{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} {\'a}tvette a parancsnoks{\'a}got \ldots{} --- besz{\'e}lget{\'e}s {Zeisel (Striker) {\'E}v{\'a}val} {\'e}s l{\'a}ny{\'a}val. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} took command\ldots{} --- a chat with {Eva Zeisel-Striker} and her daughter]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Radnai:1998:SLI, author = "Radnai{ }Gyula", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} iskol{\'a}i. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s secondary school years in {Budapest}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Rosa:1998:AKA, author = "R{\'o}sa{ }G{\'e}za", title = "{\'A}ttekint{\'e}s a k{\"u}l{\"o}nb{\"o}z{\H{o}} atomer{\H{o}}m{\H{u}}t{\'\i}pusokr{\'o}l. ({Hungarian}) [{Various} types of nuclear power plants --- a survey]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Rotblat:1998:SLP, author = "Joseph Rotblat", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}}, a {Pugwash}-mozgalom {\'u}tt{\"o}r{\H{o}}je . ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}, a {Pugwash} movement pioneer]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Seaborg:1998:SLH, author = "Glenn Seaborg and Bertram Wolfe", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} hozz{\'a}j{\'a}rul{\'a}sa a {Vil{\'a}ghoz}: ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard}'s contribution to the {World}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Silard:1998:SEH, author = "John Silard", title = "Szem{\'e}lyes eml{\'e}keim. ({Hungarian}) [{Personal} recollections]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Szabadvary:1998:SLT, author = "Szabadv{\'a}ry{ }Ferenc", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} tanulm{\'a}nyai a budapesti {J{\'o}zsef N{\'a}dor M{\H{u}}egyetemen}. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s studies at {Budapest Technical University}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Telegdi:1998:SIA, author = "Valentine L. Telegdi", title = "{Szilard} as an Inventor: accelerators and more", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "402--??", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint April Meeting, April 18-21, 1998 Columbus, Ohio, abstract \#D4.02.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998APS..APR..D402T", abstract = "In the field of Nuclear physics, Szilard's role as an inventor is well recognized. The very idea of a sustained nuclear chain reaction is credited to him and a joint patent with Enrico Fermi covers all the essential features of the carbon-uranium reactor. His proposals concerning accelerators, covered in applications for patents which never seem to have been issued, have not yet been publicized. He invented the cyclotron, the linear accelerator and the concept of phase stability. These inventions shall be discussed in a historical framework.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Teller:1998:RMH, author = "Teller{ }Ede", title = "{R{\"o}vid} megeml{\'e}kez{\'e}s. ({Hungarian}) [{A} brief commemoration]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Tibell:1998:AFL, author = "Gunnar Tibell", title = "Arvet fr{\aa}n {Leo Szilard}: hur st{\aa}r det till med den etiska reflexionen i dagens forskning? ({Swedish}) [{The} heritage of {Leo Szilard}: ethical reflections on today's research]", journal = "V{\aa}r l{\"o}sen : kristen kulturtidskrift", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "116--120", month = "????", year = "1998", ISSN = "0346-4679", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 18:04:58 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Swedish", subject = "Szilard, Leo; forskningsetik; k{\"a}rnvapenfr{\aa}gan; k{\"a}rnvapen; historia; f{\"o}renta staterna; Research; Moral and ethical aspects; Judiska naturvetenskapsm{\"a}n", subject-dates = "1898--1964", } @Article{Vizi:1998:SC, author = "Vizi{ }E.{ }Szilveszter", title = "Science and conscience", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Weinberg:1998:SLB, author = "Alvin M. Weinberg", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}}, a bomba {\'e}s a vil{\'a}gb{\'e}ke j{\"o}v{\H{o}}je . ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}, the bomb and the future of world peace]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Earman:1999:EXW, author = "John Earman and John D. Norton", title = "Exorcist {XIV}: The Wrath of {Maxwell's Demon}. {Part II} From {Szilard} to {Landauer} and Beyond", journal = j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-MOD-PHYS, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "1--40", month = mar, year = "1999", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1355-2198(98)00026-4", ISSN = "1355-2198 (print), 1879-2502 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1355-2198", bibdate = "Wed Nov 2 10:28:28 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-b.bib; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13552198", URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219898000264", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics", } @Article{Lanouette:2000:OCB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Odd Couple and the Bomb", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "283", number = "5", pages = "104--109", month = nov, year = "2000", CODEN = "SCAMAC", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Sat Nov 11 18:07:55 MST 2000", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.sciam.com/2000/1100issue/1100quicksummary.html", abstract = "The first controlled nuclear chain reaction and the Manhattan Project grew out of the caustic collaboration of physicists Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Telegdi:2000:SIA, author = "V. L. Telegdi", title = "{Szilard} as inventor: Accelerators and more", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "53", number = "10", pages = "25--28", month = oct, year = "2000", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1325189", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:24:15 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhT....53j..25T", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Allen:2001:SEN, author = "A. D. Allen", title = "{Szilard} endorsed nuclear medicine by example", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "54", number = "2", pages = "82--82", month = feb, year = "2001", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359724", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54b..82A", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Czinkos:2001:SLP, author = "T{\'\i}mea Czinkos and Leo Szilard and J{\'a}nosne Tak{\'a}cs", title = "A {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o} Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd{\'\i}j} nyertesei: 2001", publisher = "Oktat{\'a}si Miniszt{\'e}rium", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "44", year = "2001", LCCN = "MLCS 2008/45433 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as\'ert.", } @Article{Dannen:2001:SIP, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "{Szilard}'s inventions patently halted", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "54", number = "3", pages = "102--102", month = mar, year = "2001", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1366083", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54c.102D", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Ottaviani:2001:FJR, author = "Jim Ottaviani and others", title = "Fallout: {J. Robert Oppenheimer}, {Leo Szilard}, and the political science of the atomic bomb", publisher = "G. T. Labs", address = "Ann Arbor, MI, USA", pages = "239", year = "2001", ISBN = "0-9660106-3-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-9660106-3-3", LCCN = "QC773.3.U5 O78 2001", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 14:56:06 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", abstract = "``A story of the Manhattan Project and the price J. Robert Oppenheimer, Leo Szilard, and we all paid for the atomic bomb.''. So, you've always wanted to learn how to build an atomic bomb? You're in luck; Jim Ottaviani is not only a comics writer, he also has a master's degree in nuclear engineering! But even though it's not a complete do-it our self manual (assembly required, and plutonium is definitely NOT included), Fallout will bring group up to speed on the science and politics of the nuclear gadgets. The focus of Fallout is on scientists, in particular J. Robert Oppenheimer and Leo Szilard, whose lives offer a cautionary tale about the uneasy alliance between the military, the government, and the beginnings of ``big science''.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Oppenheimer, J. Robert; comic books, strips, etc; Szilard, Leo; atomic bomb; history; historical comic books, strips, etc", subject-dates = "1904--1967", } @Article{Parrondo:2001:SER, author = "J. M. R. Parrondo", title = "The {Szilard} engine revisited: Entropy, macroscopic randomness, and symmetry breaking phase transitions", journal = j-CHAOS, volume = "11", number = "3", pages = "725--733", month = sep, year = "2001", CODEN = "CHAOEH", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388006", ISSN = "1054-1500", ISSN-L = "1054-1500", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Chaos..11..725P", abstract = "The role of symmetry breaking phase transitions in the Szilard engine is analyzed. It is shown that symmetry breaking is the only necessary ingredient for the engine to work. To support this idea, we show that the Ising model behaves exactly as the Szilard engine. We design a purely macroscopic Maxwell demon from an Ising model, demonstrating that a demon can operate with information about the macrostate of the system. We finally discuss some aspects of the definition of entropy and how thermodynamics should be modified to account for the variations of entropy in second-order phase transitions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Thermodynamic functions and equations of state, Lattice theory and statistics", } @Book{Anonymous:2002:HOA, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Handbuch {\"O}sterreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren j{\"u}discher Herkunft 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert}", publisher = pub-SAUR, address = pub-SAUR:adr, pages = "xxiii + 1818 (3 volumes)", year = "2002", ISBN = "3-598-11545-8", ISBN-13 = "978-3-598-11545-5", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:19:51 MDT 2011", bibsource = "carmin.sudoc.abes.fr:210/ABES-Z39-PUBLIC; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Byers:2002:FS, author = "N. Byers", title = "{Fermi} and {Szilard}", journal = "ArXiv Physics e-prints", month = jul, year = "2002", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002physics...7094B", abstract = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard worked together at Columbia in 1939--40, just after nuclear fission was discovered, to ascertain the feasibility of a nuclear chain reaction, and then on the construction of the first nuclear reactor. Szilard believed a nuclear bomb could be built, and that the Germans may be doing so, but Fermi was sceptical. The Anglo--American project to build a bomb began late in 1941 after Oliphant brought the Frisch--Peierls memorandum to the attention of U. S. physicists. Szilard recalled ``On matters scientific or technical there was rarely any disagreement [but] Fermi and I disagreed from the very start of our collaboration about every issue that involved not science but principles of action in the face of the approaching war. If the nation owes us gratitude --- and it may not --- it does so for having stuck it out together as long as was necessary.'' As the war with Germany was drawing to a close and the successful construction of the atomic bombs was well underway, these two men took opposing positions regarding use of the bombs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "arXiv:physics/0207094", keywords = "Physics - History of Physics, Physics - Physics and Society", } @Book{Czinkos:2002:SLP, author = "T{\'i}mea Czinkos and Leo Szilard and J{\'a}nosn{\'e} Tak{\'a}cs", title = "A {Szil\'ard Le\'o Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd\'ij} nyertesei: 2002", publisher = "MF Plusz", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "44", year = "2002", LCCN = "MLCS 200845422 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as\'ert.", } @InProceedings{Devereux:2002:SEM, author = "Michael Devereux", editor = "Daniel P. Sheehan", booktitle = "Quantum Limits to the Second Law: {First International Conference on Quantum Limits to the Second Law. San Diego, California (USA), 29-31 July 2002. AIP Conference Proceedings}", title = "{Szilard's Engine}: Measurement, Information, and {Maxwell's Demon}", volume = "643", publisher = pub-AIP, address = pub-AIP:adr, pages = "279--284", month = nov, year = "2002", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1523817", ISBN = "0-7354-0098-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-7354-0098-6", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 19:11:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", series = "American Institute of Physics Conference Series", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AIPC..643..279D", abstract = "Using an isolated measurement process, we calculate the effect measurement has on entropy for the multi-cylinder Szilard engine. We find that the system of cylinders possesses an entropy associated with cylinder total energy states, and that it records information transferred at measurement. Contrary to other's results, we find that the apparatus loses entropy due to measurement. The Second Law of Thermodynamics may be preserved if Maxwell's demon gains entropy moving the engine partition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Thermodynamics", } @Article{Kelly:2002:LSL, author = "H. Kelly", title = "{Leo Szilard Lectureship Award}: The Public Obligation of Scientists in the {21st Century}", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "I6002--??", month = apr, year = "2002", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, April Meeting, Jointly Sponsored with the High Energy Astrophysics Division (HEAD) of the American Astronomical Society April 20 - 23, 2002 Albuquerque Convention Center Albuquerque, New Mexico Meeting ID: APR02, abstract \#I6.002.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002APS..APR.I6002K", abstract = "As many as ten billion people may be alive at the end of the 21st century. Without order-of-magnitude changes in the productivity of systems for satisfying this population's needs and whimsies, we face starkly growing worldwide inequality, unsustainable plundering of shrinking supplies of natural resources, or both. Can we invent energy sources that are sustainable, affordable, and consistent with security? Can we mimic the ability of biological systems and build small, inexpensive machines that can fabricate tens of thousands of products on demand from simple raw materials? Can we use information and communication systems to optimize design and performance (the human brain uses half the energy of modern Pentium chips but most people seem much more clever.) Can we cut the resources needed to move people and things from point to point or to maintain homes and office spaces with comfortable light by an order of magnitude? As an APS summer study proved nearly three decades ago, there is much room for optimism about what we can do to address these problems and much has been learned since this initial foray. But there is there less room to be optimistic about changing incentive systems to reflect what we collectively want to do. Scientists who recognize what is possible can not in conscience ignore the complex, frustrating, and morally perilous world of domestic and international politics. Learning to be effective is not easy. Understanding political systems is not easy and being effective means engaging in the agonizing business of sorting through third or fourth-best solutions that are vastly better than no solution at all. The century can not end well without an effective partnership between science and politics.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Batyi:2003:SLP, author = "Emese B{\'a}tyi and Leo Szilard and J{\'a}nosn{\'e} Tak{\'a}cs", title = "A {Szil\'ard Le\'o Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd\'ij} nyertesei: 2003", publisher = "MF Plusz", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "64", year = "2003", LCCN = "MLCS 2008/45436 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as.", } @Article{Zurek:2003:MDS, author = "Wojciech Hubert Zurek", title = "{Maxwell's Demon}, {Szilard's Engine} and Quantum Measurements", journal = "eprint arXiv:quant-ph/0301076", month = jan, year = "2003", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003quant.ph..1076Z", abstract = "We propose and analyze a quantum version of Szilard's ``one-molecule engine.'' In particular, we recover, in the quantum context, Szilard's conclusion concerning the free energy ``cost'' of measurements: $\Delta F \geq k_B T \ln 2$ per bit of information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "arXiv:quant-ph/0301076", } @Book{Batyi:2004:SLP, author = "Emese B\'atyi and Leo Szilard and Orsolya Sz{\^\i}ucs and J\'anosn\'e Tak\'acs", title = "A {Szil\'ard Le\'o Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd\'ij} nyertesei: 2004", publisher = "Oktat\'asi Miniszt\'erium", address = "Budapest, Hungarian", pages = "60", year = "2004", LCCN = "MLCS 2008/45435 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as\'ert.", } @Article{Frank:2005:ERG, author = "Tibor Frank", title = "Ever Ready to Go: The Multiple Exiles of {Leo Szilard}", journal = "Physics in Perspective", volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "204--252", month = jun, year = "2005", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-004-0236-9", ISSN = "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1422-6944", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhP.....7..204F; http://www.springerlink.com/content/1422-6960/", abstract = "I argue that to understand the life and work of Leo Szilard (1898 1964) we have to understand, first, that he was driven by events to numerous departures, escapes, and exiles, changing his religion, his language, his country of residence, and his scientific disciplines; second, that he was a man haunted by major moral dilemmas throughout his life, burdened by a sincere and grave sense of responsibility for the fate of the world; and third, that he experienced a terrible sense of d{\'e}j{\`a} vu: his excessive sensitivity and constant alertness were products of his experiences as a young student in Budapest in 1919. The mature Szilard in Berlin of 1933, and forever after, was always ready to move. I proceed as follows: After a brief introduction to his family background, youth, and education in Budapest, I discuss the impact of his army service in the Great War and of the tumultuous events in Hungary in 1918 1919 on his life and psyche, forcing him to leave Budapest for Berlin in late 1919. He completed his doctoral degree under Max von Laue (1879--1960) at the University of Berlin in 1922 and his Habilitationsschrift in 1925. During the 1920s and early 1930s, he filed a number of patents, several of them jointly with Albert Einstein (1879--1955). He left Berlin in March 1933 for London where he played a leading role in the rescue operations for refugee scientists and scholars from Nazi Germany. He also carried out notable research in nuclear physics in London and Oxford before immigrating to the United States at the end of 1938. He drafted Einstein's famous letter of August 2, 1939, to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, worked in the Manhattan Project during World War II, initiated a petition to President Harry S. Truman not to use the bomb on Japan, and immediately after the war was a leader in the scientists movement that resulted in civilian control of nuclear energy. In 1946 he turned to biology, in which his most significant contribution was to formulate a theory of aging. In 1956 von Laue led an effort to invite him to head a new institute for nuclear physics in West Berlin, which he ultimately declined at the end of 1959. He remained in the United States, becoming a highly visible public figure, speaking, writing, and traveling extensively, and even corresponding with Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev and President John F. Kennedy to promote the international control of nuclear weapons. In retrospect, although Szilard was a man of many missions, his life story could be read as that of a man of conscience with but a single mission, to save mankind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Leo Szilard, William Beveridge, Arthur H. Compton, Lord Cherwell, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Leslie R. Groves, John F. Kennedy, Max von Laue, John von Neumann, Friedrich A. Paneth, Max Planck, Michael Polanyi, Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, Edward Teller, Harold C. Urey, Eugene Wigner, Budapest, Hungary, Berlin, Great War, Nazi Germany, Szilard--Chalmers reaction, World War II, Manhattan Project, Metallurgical Laboratory, Franck Report, Atomic Bomb, Cold War, Atomic Stalemate, patents, psychology, {\'e}migr{\'e} scientists, nuclear physics, nuclear fission, nuclear-chain reaction, scientists movement, biophysics, theory of aging", } @Book{Klein:2005:SFO, author = "Georg Klein", title = "Skapelsens fullkomlighet och livets tragik: ess{\"a}er. ({Swedish}) [{Creation}'s perfection and life's tragedy: essays]", publisher = "Bonnier", address = "Stockholm, Sweden", pages = "241 + 1", year = "2005", ISBN = "91-0-010786-7", ISBN-13 = "978-91-0-010786-4", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:21:34 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Swedish", subject = "Utvecklingsl{\"a}ra; ess{\"a}er; Evolution; essays; Apoptosis; Humanities; Natural sciences", } @Article{Kleppner:2005:LSR, author = "Daniel Kleppner", title = "{Leo Szilard} and the role of physicists in countering nuclear threats", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "6003--??", month = apr, year = "2005", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:42:23 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS April Meeting, April 16-19, 2005, abstract \#T6.003", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005APS..APR.T6003K", abstract = "Even before the first nuclear bomb was tested, Leo Szilard led efforts by physicists to assert leadership on the use of nuclear weapons. He warned about the future possibility of delivering nuclear weapons by missiles and also pointed out the ease by which nuclear bombs could simply be carried across borders. The U.S. has had an anti-ballistic missile program since the 1950's. Initially it was intended to counter a Soviet nuclear threat but with the end of the cold war the goal was changed to dealing with accidental or unauthorized launches of Russian ICBMs. More recently, the goal of the U.S. missile defense program was shifted to countering a possible future threat posed by emerging missile states. The APS Study of boost- phase intercept was carried out in the Szilard tradition of physicists providing leadership on public policy issues involving science ad technology, in the hope that factual analysis of technical problems can contribute to better public policy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Millet:2005:OPR, author = "Lydia Millet", title = "Oh pure and radiant heart", publisher = "Soft Skull Press", address = "Brooklyn, NY, USA", pages = "489", year = "2005", ISBN = "1-932360-85-9", ISBN-13 = "978-1-932360-85-1", LCCN = "PS3563.I42175 O37 2005", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 14:56:06 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip056/2005001028.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Oppenheimer, J. Robert; Fiction; Fermi, Enrico; Szilard, Leo; Nuclear physicists; Women librarians; Celebrities; Atomic bomb; Time travel; Santa Fe (N.M.)", subject-dates = "1904--1967; 1901--1954", } @Book{Hargittai:2006:MSF, author = "Istv{\'a}n Hargittai", title = "The {Martians of Science}: five physicists who changed the twentieth century", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xxiv + 313 + 32", year = "2006", ISBN = "0-19-517845-9 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-19-517845-6 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC15.H27 2006", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:18:35 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n, Theodore, 1881--1963 \\ Szilard, Leo \\ Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902--1995 \\ Von Neumann, John, 1903--1957 \\ Teller, Edward, 1908--2003", tableofcontents = "1. Arrival and departure \\ 2. Turning points in Germany \\ 3. Second transition : to the United States \\ 4. ``To protect and defend'' : World War II \\ 5. To deter : cold war \\ 6. Being Martian \\ Appendix. Sampler of quotable Martians", } @Book{Smith:2007:DMR, author = "Peter D. (Peter Daniel) Smith", title = "Doomsday men: the real {Dr. Strangelove} and the dream of the superweapon", publisher = pub-ST-MARTINS, address = pub-ST-MARTINS:adr, pages = "xxii + 552", year = "2007", ISBN = "0-312-37397-X", ISBN-13 = "978-0-312-37397-9", LCCN = "QC773.A1 S65 2007", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 14:56:06 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", abstract = "This is the untold story of the ultimate weapon of mass destruction. In 1950, Hungarian-born scientist Leo Szilard made a dramatic announcement on American radio: science was on the verge of creating a doomsday bomb, a huge cobalt-clad H-bomb that would pollute the atmosphere with radioactivity and end all life on earth. For the first time in history, mankind had within his grasp a truly godlike power, the ability to destroy life itself. The shockwave from this statement reverberated across the following decade and beyond --- for many people there was now little to distinguish real scientists from that ``fictional master of megadeath,'' Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove. Indeed, as science historian Smith shows, the dream of the superweapon to end all war begins in popular culture --- iconic films and fictions, from H.G. Wells forward --- and the scientists responsible for these terrible weapons grew up in a culture dreaming of superweapons and Wellsian utopias.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Fermi, Enrico; Atomic bomb; History; Scientists; Moral and ethical aspects", subject-dates = "1901--1954", } @Article{Podvig:2008:LSL, author = "P. Podvig", title = "{Leo Szilard Lectureship Award} Talk: Nuclear disarmament after the cold war", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "6005--??", month = apr, year = "2008", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, 2008 APS April Meeting and HEDP/HEDLA Meeting, April 11--15, 2008, abstract \#S6.005.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008APS..APR.S6005P", abstract = "Now that the cold war is long over, our thinking of nuclear weapons and the role that they play in international security has undergone serious changes. The emphasis has shifted from superpower confrontation to nuclear proliferation, spread of weapon materials, and to the dangers of countries developing nuclear weapon capability under a cover of a civilian program. At the same time, the old cold-war dangers, while receded, have not disappeared completely. The United States and Russia keep maintaining thousands of nuclear weapons in their arsenals, some of them in very high degree of readiness. This situation presents a serious challenge that the international community has to deal with. Although Russia and the United States are taking some steps to reduce their nuclear arsenals, the traditional arms control process has stalled -- the last treaty that was signed in 2002 does not place serious limits on strategic forces of either side. The START Treaty, which provides a framework for verification and transparency in reduction of nuclear arsenals, will expire at the end of 2009. Little effort has been undertaken to extend the treaty or renegotiate it. Moreover, in recent years Russia has stepped up the efforts to modernize its strategic nuclear forces. The United States has resisted joining the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and has been working on controversial new nuclear weapon development programs. The U.S. missile defense program makes the dialogue between Russia and the United States even more difficult. The reluctance of Russia and the United States to engage in a discussion about drastic reductions of their nuclear forces undermines the case of nuclear nonproliferation and seriously complicated their effort to contain the spread of nuclear weapon technologies and expertise. One of the reasons for the current lack of progress in nuclear disarmament is the contradiction between the diminished role that nuclear weapons play in security of nuclear weapon states and the inertia of cold-war institutions that are involved in their development and support. Dealing with this contradiction would require development of new mechanisms of cooperation between nuclear weapons states and their strong commitment to the cause of nuclear nonproliferation. One important area of cooperation is development of a framework that would prevent the spread of nuclear materials and technology at the time when increasing number of countries is turning toward expanded use of nuclear power to cover their energy needs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, adsnote = "Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System", } @Book{Frank:2009:DEM, author = "Tibor Frank", title = "Double exile: migrations of {Jewish--Hungarian} professionals through {Germany} to the {United States}, 1919--1945", volume = "7", publisher = "Peter Lang", address = "Oxford, UK", pages = "501", year = "2009", ISBN = "3-03911-331-3", ISBN-13 = "978-3-03911-331-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 16:30:16 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS", series = "Exil-Studien: eine interdisziplin{\"a}re Buchreihe", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Bibliografi s.455-483.", subject = "J{\o}der i Ungarn; J{\o}der; Historie; Ungarn; Utvandring; Flyktninger; J{\o}der i Forente Stater; Ungarere i Forente Stater; Forente Stater; Innvandring", } @Article{Jeanloz:2009:LSL, author = "R. Jeanloz", title = "{Leo Szilard Lectureship Award} Talk: Science and International Security", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "7001--??", month = may, year = "2009", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:48:17 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, 2009 APS April Meeting, May 2-5, 2009, abstract \#R7.001.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009APS..APR.R7001J", abstract = "The proliferation of nuclear-weapons technology is one of the gravest dangers facing the world, with potentially devastating consequences if it is not contained. The scientific community has a special role to play in confronting this threat, not only because many of the issues involved are highly technical, and science offers important tools such as hypothesis testing, but also because open communication lies at the heart of scientific research. International dialogs among scientists can thus be uniquely powerful in confronting problems of global concern, especially when political constraints hinder communication between nations. Many view the scientific community as at least partly responsible for major threats confronting the world, but we also have the opportunity to reduce those dangers through the same processes that lead to discovery and advancement of knowledge.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Reid:20xx:ESM, author = "R. Reid and Richard Thomas and John Stockbridge and Robert Rietty and James Langahm and Murray Kash", title = "{Einstein}: The story of the man by his friends", howpublished = "Motion picture", year = "20xx", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:10:53 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "J. Robert Oppenheimer, Thomas Bucky, Helen Dukas, Patrick Gordon Walker, Banesh Hoffman, Otto Nathan, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller and A. R. Ubbelohde", abstract = "A look at Albert Einstein's life with interviews with famous friends and footage, note footage of dinner with George Bernard Shaw.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Cross-referenced entries must come last: @Book{Masters:1946:OWN, editor = "Dexter Masters and Katharine Way", booktitle = "One world or none: A report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", title = "One world or none: {A} report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", publisher = "Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "x + 79", year = "1946", LCCN = "UF767 .M3 1946a", bibdate = "Sun May 1 11:36:59 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. See also reprint \cite{Masters:2007:OWN}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "atomic bomb; nuclear energy; nuclear weapons; nuclear warfare; moral and ethical aspects", tableofcontents = "Introduction / Arthur H. Compton \\ Foreword: Science and civilization / Niels Bohr \\ 1. If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison \\ 2. It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley \\ 3. Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner \\ 4. The new power / Gale Young \\ 5. The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R. Oppenheimer \\ 6. Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold \\ 7. There is no defence / Louis N. Ridenour \\ 8. The new technique of private war / E. U. Condon \\ 9. How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans Bethe \\ 10. An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving Langmuir \\ 11. How does it all add up? / Harold Urey \\ 12. Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? / Leo Szilard \\ 13. International control of atomic energy / Walter Lippmann \\ 14. The way out / Albert Einstein \\ 15. Survival is at stake / Federation of American (Atomic) Scientists.", } @Book{Masters:1946:VEI, editor = "Dexter Masters and Katherine Way", booktitle = "Een Verden eller ingen. ({Danish}) [{One} world or none]", title = "Een Verden eller ingen. ({Danish}) [{One} world or none]", publisher = "????", address = "K{\o}benhavn, Danmark", pages = "220", year = "1946", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 14:32:13 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01", note = "Danish translation of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN} by Gudrun Frederiksen og Ebbe Rasmussen. Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. Reprint of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Danish", tableofcontents = "Philip Morrison: Hvis Bomben slippes \\ Harlow Shapley: I Stjernerne er det en gammel Historie \\ Eugene P. Wigner: Grundlaget for Atomalderen \\ Gale Young: Den nye Energi \\ J. R. Oppenheimer: Det nye Vaaben \\ H. H. Arnold: Luftvaabnet i Atomalderen \\ Louis N. Ridenour: Der gives intet Forsvar \\ E. U. Condon: Den nye Teknik i den ``private'' Krig \\ Frederick Seitz: Hvor n{\aa}r er Faren? / af Frederick Seitz og Hans Bethe \\ Irving Langmuir: Atomkaprustningen og dens Alternativer \\ Harold C. Urey: Hvordan kan det hele sammenfattes? Leo Szilard: Kan vi undgaa Kaprustning ved et Inspektionssystem? \\ Walter Lippmann: International Kontrol med Atomenergi \\ Albert Einstein: Udvejen \\ Forbundet af Amerikanske (Atom)-Videnskabsm{\ae}nd: Overlevelsen staar paa Spil", } @Proceedings{Kozloff:1954:DGP, editor = "L. Kozloff and Alvin Novick and Leo Szilard and Edgar John Boell", booktitle = "{Dynamics of growth processes: Papers presented at the society's 11th annual symposium held at Williams College in June 1952}", title = "{Dynamics of growth processes: Papers presented at the society's 11th annual symposium held at Williams College in June 1952}", publisher = pub-PRINCETON, address = pub-PRINCETON:adr, pages = "vii + 304", year = "1954", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:14:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Proceedings{Marx:1998:LSC, editor = "George Marx", booktitle = "{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}", title = "{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}", publisher = "E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "192 (est.)", year = "1998", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, editor-dates = "1927--2002", remark = "The conference was organized by the E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society, in cooperation with the American Physical Society, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Pugwash Movement of scientists, under the sponsorship of the Prime Minister of Hungary. Hungarian form of editor name is Marx Gy{\"o}rgy.", xxISBN = "none", xxisbn-13 = "none", } @Book{Masters:2007:OWN, editor = "Dexter Masters and Katharine Way", booktitle = "One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", title = "One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", publisher = "New Press", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xx + 220", year = "2007", ISBN = "1-59558-227-4 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-59558-227-0 (hardcover)", LCCN = "UG1282.A8 O54 2007", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 14:06:49 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. Reprint of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN}.", URL = "http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1703; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0718/2007020838.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "atomic bomb; nuclear energy; nuclear weapons; nuclear warfare; moral and ethical aspects; scientists' writings; security, international; forecasting", tableofcontents = "If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison \\ It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley \\ Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner \\ The new power / Gale Young \\ The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R. Oppenheimer \\ Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold \\ There is no defense / Louis N. Ridenour \\ The new technique of private War / E. U. Condon \\ How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans Bethe \\ An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving Langmuir \\ How does it all add up? / Harold C. Urey \\ Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? / Leo Szilard \\ International control of atomic energy / Walter Lippmann \\ The way out / Albert Einstein \\ Survival is at stake / The Federation of American (Atomic) Scientists", }