%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "2.10", %%% date = "07 May 2013", %%% time = "11:55:45 MDT", %%% filename = "szilard-leo.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "27142 10770 48329 475231", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "BibTeX; bibliography; Einstein--Szilard %%% refrigerator; Leo Szilard; Maxwell's demon; %%% Szilard--Chalmers reaction; Szilard engine", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a bibliography of the works of Leo %%% Szilard (February 11, 1898 -- May 30, 1966), %%% distinguished physicist, inventor, and %%% biologist. The Hungarian form of his name is %%% Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}, and is used that way in %%% Hungarian-language publications in this %%% bibliography. The accents are almost always %%% dropped in English publications. %%% %%% At version 2.10, the year coverage looked %%% like this: %%% %%% 1917 ( 1) 1949 ( 4) 1981 ( 1) %%% 1918 ( 0) 1950 ( 6) 1982 ( 0) %%% 1919 ( 0) 1951 ( 2) 1983 ( 3) %%% 1920 ( 0) 1952 ( 1) 1984 ( 1) %%% 1921 ( 0) 1953 ( 0) 1985 ( 8) %%% 1922 ( 1) 1954 ( 3) 1986 ( 2) %%% 1923 ( 0) 1955 ( 6) 1987 ( 3) %%% 1924 ( 0) 1956 ( 1) 1988 ( 1) %%% 1925 ( 2) 1957 ( 4) 1989 ( 5) %%% 1926 ( 1) 1958 ( 4) 1990 ( 3) %%% 1927 ( 0) 1959 ( 4) 1991 ( 0) %%% 1928 ( 0) 1960 ( 10) 1992 ( 8) %%% 1929 ( 3) 1961 ( 4) 1993 ( 23) %%% 1930 ( 1) 1962 ( 4) 1994 ( 14) %%% 1931 ( 1) 1963 ( 7) 1995 ( 10) %%% 1932 ( 0) 1964 ( 9) 1996 ( 17) %%% 1933 ( 0) 1965 ( 3) 1997 ( 9) %%% 1934 ( 4) 1966 ( 0) 1998 ( 51) %%% 1935 ( 4) 1967 ( 0) 1999 ( 8) %%% 1936 ( 1) 1968 ( 2) 2000 ( 6) %%% 1937 ( 1) 1969 ( 3) 2001 ( 9) %%% 1938 ( 0) 1970 ( 2) 2002 ( 15) %%% 1939 ( 7) 1971 ( 1) 2003 ( 7) %%% 1940 ( 0) 1972 ( 2) 2004 ( 10) %%% 1941 ( 7) 1973 ( 2) 2005 ( 11) %%% 1942 ( 14) 1974 ( 3) 2006 ( 7) %%% 1943 ( 2) 1975 ( 0) 2007 ( 4) %%% 1944 ( 4) 1976 ( 4) 2008 ( 6) %%% 1945 ( 3) 1977 ( 0) 2009 ( 5) %%% 1946 ( 8) 1978 ( 4) 2010 ( 2) %%% 1947 ( 8) 1979 ( 3) 2011 ( 6) %%% 1948 ( 1) 1980 ( 2) 2012 ( 7) %%% 19xx ( 1) %%% 20xx ( 1) %%% %%% Article: 213 %%% Book: 65 %%% InCollection: 19 %%% InProceedings: 8 %%% Misc: 89 %%% PhdThesis: 6 %%% Proceedings: 4 %%% TechReport: 34 %%% %%% Total entries: 438 %%% %%% See %%% %%% http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Szilard %%% http://www.nndb.com/people/472/000104160/ %%% %%% for a brief biography of Leo Szilard, and %%% some of the book entries in this file for %%% more detailed biographies, as well as the %%% memoir (entry Wigner:1969:BML), the Szilard %%% archive (entry Anonymous:1998:RLS), and the %%% Szilard centenary volume (entry %%% Marx:1998:LSC). %%% %%% On September 12, 1933, after reading a London %%% Times article that quoted the Nobel Prize %%% winning physicist Ernest Rutherford saying %%% ``anyone who looked for a source of power in %%% the transformation of the atoms was talking %%% moonshine'', Leo Szilard became the first to %%% conceive of the possibility of a neutron %%% chain reaction, and a few months later, in %%% March 1934, he filed a British patent %%% application on the neutron chain reaction %%% (entry Szilard:1935:PSN), the first in that %%% new area of physics. %%% %%% According to Enrico Fermi, the idea of using %%% graphite as a nuclear reaction moderator, %%% instead of hydrogen, occurred independently %%% to George Pegram, Leo Szilard, Enrico Fermi, %%% and George Placzek (see page 108 of entry %%% Segre:1970:EFPb). According to entry %%% Schwarzschild:2000:BHS, Szilard was the one %%% who figured out that boron contamination of %%% graphite poisoned it as moderator, and %%% removing the boron was the key to successful %%% use of graphite in the first successful %%% nuclear pile on 2 December 1942 under the %%% Stagg Field Stadium at the University of %%% Chicago. %%% %%% Szilard was enough of a maverick that General %%% Groves, the military head of the Manhattan %%% Project, in 1942 wanted Szilard arrested and %%% detained for the duration of the war. For %%% similar reasons, British Prime Minister %%% Winston Churchill wanted the same treatment %%% for Niels Bohr. Fortunately for both %%% scientists, neither was detained during World %%% War II. %%% %%% In 1944, Szilard coined the term ``breeder %%% reactor'' for a power-generating device that %%% generates more fuel than it consumes. The %%% idea of the breeder reactor is due to %%% Princeton University physicist Louis Turner. %%% See entry Lanouette:1983:DM for an excellent %%% account of the history and development of %%% fast breeder reactors. %%% %%% In 1946, Leo Szilard, Albert Einstein, and %%% others founded the Emergency Committee of %%% Atomic Scientists. According to Jeremy %%% Bernstein on page 93 his book, ``Prophet of %%% Energy: Hans Bethe,'' Einstein was officially %%% the chairman, but Szilard was the actual %%% director. %%% %%% In 1947, Szilard left physics research for %%% molecular biology, a field in which he worked %%% the rest of his life. In 1948, he invented %%% the chemostat, a device for continuous %%% production of bacterial cultures under %%% controlled conditions (see entries %%% Novick:1950:DC and Novick:1950:ECS). %%% Szilard's last paper is entry %%% Szilard:1964:MR. %%% %%% Entry Dannen:1998:LSI describes many of %%% Szilard's inventions. Dannen quotes Dennis %%% Gabor, winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize in %%% Physics for the invention of holography: %%% ``Had he pushed through to success all his %%% new inventions, we would now talk of him as %%% the Edison of the twentieth century''. %%% %%% Dannen goes on to note ``Leo Szilard %%% conceived, and filed patent applications on, %%% many of the key inventions of the 20th %%% century. His ideas included the cyclotron, %%% linear accelerator, electron microscope, %%% nuclear chain reaction, and nuclear %%% reactor. Szilard himself did not build all of %%% these devices, or publish these ideas in %%% scientific journals, and so their credit %%% often went to others. As a result, Szilard %%% never received the Nobel Prize, but two of %%% his inventions did. Ernest Lawrence received %%% the 1939 Nobel Prize [in Physics] for the %%% cyclotron. Ernst Ruska received the 1986 %%% Nobel Prize [in Physics] for the electron %%% microscope. ... Szilard filed his first %%% patent in Germany in 1923 on an x-ray %%% sensitive cell. ... His next inventions were %%% improvements to mercury vapor lamps ...''. %%% %%% See %%% %%% http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1939/ %%% http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ %%% %%% In 1926, Albert Einstein was distressed by %%% the death of a family killed by gases leaking %%% from a refrigerator (that was pre-Freon %%% days), and began a seven-year collaboration %%% with Szilard. ``Einstein and Szilard would %%% file more than 45 patent applications in at %%% least six countries. In the end, none of %%% their refrigerator designs would reach %%% consumers. ... One of their inventions, the %%% Einstein--Szilard pump, later found a higher %%% use cooling breeder reactors.'' %%% %%% About the later use in refrigerators of the %%% inert Freon, Dannen writes ``Only decades %%% later, of course, would it be realized that %%% such chlorofluorocarbons might endanger the %%% ozone layer of the entire planet. So you see %%% that perhaps Einstein and Szilard had a %%% better idea.'' %%% %%% Dannen later continues about Szilard: %%% ``During his Berlin years, ... he also filed %%% for patent on three other major inventions. %%% It is well known that he filed patent %%% applications on the linear accelerator and %%% the cyclotron --- two devices that %%% revolutionized 20th century physics. It is %%% not as well known that Szilard also foresaw, %%% and filed for patent on, the electron %%% microscope.'' %%% %%% Dannen writes: ``In ... London, in the fall %%% of 1933, that Szilard conceived his greatest %%% invention. After reading in the newspaper %%% that Ernest Rutherford called the possibility %%% of atomic energy `moonshine,' Szilard %%% conceived the neutron chain %%% reaction. ... British patent 440,023 %%% ... discussed nuclear transmutation only by %%% individual neutrons. Szilard considered the %%% idea of the chain reaction too dangerous for %%% publication. He moved that idea into a %%% separate patent [British patent 630,726], and %%% assured its secrecy by assigning it to the %%% British Admiralty.'' %%% %%% Finally, Dannen reports ``In 1955 Szilard and %%% Enrico Fermi, as assignors to the U.S. Atomic %%% Energy Commission, were awarded the joint %%% patent on that first nuclear reactor. When it %%% issued this patent, the U.S. Patent Office %%% compared its significance to the patents by %%% Samuel Morse for the telegraph and Alexander %%% Graham Bell for the telephone.'' That patent %%% is recorded in this file in entry %%% Fermi:1955:NR. %%% %%% All U.S. patents known to have been awarded %%% to Szilard are recorded in this bibliography, %%% although there might be omissions due to %%% poor-quality text conversion from patent %%% scans. His German and British patents have %%% yet to be identified from sources that are %%% sufficiently reliable to record in this file. %%% %%% Because of Szilard's wartime work in nuclear %%% physics, it is likely that there remain many %%% classified documents authored by him that %%% have not been identified, and thus are absent %%% from this file. However, all 31 of the %%% Szilard reports from the Manhattan Project %%% era that are listed in Wigner's memoir (entry %%% Wigner:1969:BML) are included in this file. %%% %%% Leo Szilard shared the 1959 Atoms for Peace %%% Award with Eugene Wigner. Szilard was %%% elected to the US National Academy of %%% Sciences in 1961. %%% %%% There are several Web sites devoted to %%% Szilard: %%% %%% http://www.dannen.com/szilard.html %%% http://www.dannen.com/chronbio.html %%% http://www.dannen.com/home.html %%% http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/SzilardPhoto.shtml %%% http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/Einstein.shtml %%% %%% There are biographies and bibliographies at %%% %%% http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Szilard,+Leo %%% http://www.magyarorszag.hu/angol/orszaginfo/magyarok/hiresek/szilardleo/szilard_a.html %%% %%% The famous letter from Albert Einstein %%% (instigated by his old friend and fellow %%% inventor, Leo Szilard) to President Franklin %%% D. Roosevelt is available, with extensive %%% commentary, here: %%% %%% http://www.dannen.com/ae-fdr.html %%% %%% Part 3 (broadcasts / interviews / talks about %%% Leo Szilard) was added at version 2.00 of %%% this bibliography, thanks to the generosity %%% of historian William Lanouette, who supplied %%% a list of his own many titles in this %%% section. At the same time, many additional %%% papers and books from the JSTOR database that %%% have at least some mention of Leo Szilard %%% were added to Part 2. That work supplied 133 %%% new entries between versions 1.08 and 2.00. %%% %%% Data for this bibliography have been %%% collected from %%% %%% * the University of Utah Mathematics %%% Department bibliography archives %%% %%% * the TeX User Group bibliography %%% archives %%% %%% * the Karlsruhe Computer Science %%% bibliography archives %%% %%% * the Karlsruhe virtual catalog at %%% http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk_en.html %%% %%% * the US Library of Congress catalog at %%% http://catalog.loc.gov/ %%% %%% * the author's cattobib utility, which %%% provides Z39.50 interfaces to many %%% large libraries around the world, at %%% http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/cattobib/ %%% %%% * the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear %%% Issues, at Washington and Lee %%% University, Lexington, VA, USA, %%% http://alsos.wlu.edu/ %%% %%% * the American Institute of Physics %%% Scitation database at %%% http://scitation.aip.org/search_scitation %%% %%% * the American Physical Society PROLA %%% database at %%% http://publish.aps.org/search %%% %%% * the American Mathematical Society %%% MathSciNet database at %%% http://ams.rice.edu/mathscinet/search.html %%% %%% * the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists %%% (archives available, albeit inconveniently, %%% via http://books.google.com/) %%% %%% * the Canadian Journal of Physics %%% database at %%% http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/search/advanced %%% %%% * the European Mathematical Society %%% Zentralblatt fuer Mathematik database %%% at http://zb.msri.org/ZMATH/zmath/en/ %%% %%% * the Europhysics journal archive at %%% http://www.europhysicsnews.org/ %%% %%% * the JSTOR database at %%% http://www.jstor.org/, and %%% %%% * the Nature journal archive at %%% http://www.nature.com/search/ %%% %%% * the journal archives of the National %%% Academy of Science at %%% http://www.pnas.org/ %%% %%% * the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System at %%% http://adsabs.harvard.edu/ %%% %%% * the Science journal archive at %%% http://www.sciencemag.org/search %%% %%% * the SPIRES high-energy physics %%% literature database at the Stanford %%% Linear Accelerator at Stanford %%% University at %%% http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/hep/search/ %%% %%% * the Springer journal database at %%% http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-13-0-0 %%% %%% * the Wiley journal database at %%% http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ %%% %%% * many online library catalogs, including %%% those of the British Library, the %%% Karlsruhe Virtual Library catalog, the %%% Oxford University Library, the University of %%% California library system, and the US %%% Library of Congress. %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{ "\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle#1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \cdprime \def \cdprime{$''$} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \cprime \def \cprime{$'$} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \url \input{path.sty} \fi" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} @String{ack-wl = "William Lanouette, e-mail: \path|wlanouette@gmail.com|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Institution abbreviations: @String{inst-AEC = "US Atomic Energy Commission"} @String{inst-AEC:adr = "Washington, DC, USA"} @String{inst-LASL = "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory"} @String{inst-LASL:adr = "Los Alamos, NM, USA"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-AM-SCI = "American Scientist"} @String{j-AMER-J-PHYSICS = "American Journal of Physics"} @String{j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY = "American Mathematical Monthly"} @String{j-ANN-NY-ACAD-SCI = "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"} @String{j-ARMS-CONTROL-TODAY = "Arms Control Today"} @String{j-ATLANTIC-MONTHLY = "Atlantic Monthly"} @String{j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society"} @String{j-BOSTON-GLOBE = "Boston Globe"} @String{j-BRITISH-J-HIST-SCI = "British Journal for the History of Science"} @String{j-BULL-AT-SCI = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"} @String{j-CHAOS = "Chaos (Woodbury, NY)"} @String{j-COLUMBIA-LAW-REV = "Columbia Law Review"} @String{j-ENVIRON-HIST = "Environmental History"} @String{j-EUROPHYS-LETT = "Europhysics Letters"} @String{j-EUROPHYS-NEWS = "Europhysics News"} @String{j-FIZ-SZ = "Fizikai Szemle (Budapest)"} @String{j-FOREIGN-AFFAIRS = "Foreign Affairs"} @String{j-HARPERS-MAG = "Harper's Magazine"} @String{j-HARVARD-REV = "Harvard Review"} @String{j-HIST-TEACH = "The History Teacher"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-INF-THEORY = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"} @String{j-IN-VITRO-CEL-DEV-BIO-ANIM = "In Vitro Cellular \& Developmental Biology. Animal"} @String{j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS = "International Journal of Theoretical Physics"} @String{j-ISIS = "Isis"} @String{j-ISRAEL-STUD = "Israel Studies"} @String{j-J-GEN-PHYSIOL = "Journal of General Physiology"} @String{j-J-INTERDISCIP-HIST = "Journal of Interdisciplinary History"} @String{j-J-MIL-HIST = "The Journal of Military History"} @String{j-J-MOD-HIST = "The Journal of Modern History"} @String{j-J-PEACE-RES = "Journal of Peace Research"} @String{j-LOS-ALAMOS-SCIENCE = "Los Alamos Science"} @String{j-MAGY-TUDOMANY = "Magyar Tudom{\'a}ny [{Hungarian} Science]"} @String{j-MUTAT-RES = "Mutation Research"} @String{j-NATURE = "Nature"} @String{j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN = "Naturwissenschaften"} @String{j-NEW-HUNG-Q = "The New Hungarian Quarterly"} @String{j-NY-TIMES = "New York Times"} @String{j-PHYS-PERSPECT = "Physics in Perspective"} @String{j-PHYS-REV = "Physical Review"} @String{j-PHYS-REV-FOCUS = "Physical Review Focus"} @String{j-PHYS-TODAY = "Physics Today"} @String{j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA = "Proceedings of the {National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}"} @String{j-RADIAT-RES = "Radiation Research"} @String{j-SCI-AMER = "Scientific American"} @String{j-SCI-FICT-STUD = "Science Fiction Studies"} @String{j-SCI-PUBLIC-POL = "Science and Public Policy"} @String{j-SCIENCE = "Science"} @String{j-SOC-TEXT = "Social Text"} @String{j-SPEKTRUM-WISSENSCHAFT = "{Spektrum der Wissenschaft} ({German} translation of {Scientific American})"} @String{j-STUD-EAST-EUROPEAN-THOUGHT = "Studies in {East European} Thought"} @String{j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-MOD-PHYS = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics"} @String{j-STUD-STOR = "Studi Storici"} @String{j-SWIAT-NAUKI = "{\\'S}wiat Nauki"} @String{j-TECH-CULTURE = "Technology and Culture"} @String{j-WILSON-Q = "The Wilson Quarterly (1976--2012)"} @String{j-Z-PHYSIK = "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Publishers and their addresses: @String{pub-AIP = "American Institute of Physics"} @String{pub-AIP:adr = "Woodbury, NY, USA"} @String{pub-BANTAM = "Bantam Books"} @String{pub-BANTAM:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS = "Basic Books"} @String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-HARVARD = "Harvard University Press"} @String{pub-HARVARD:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} @String{pub-KNOPF = "Alfred A. Knopf"} @String{pub-KNOPF:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-LITTLE-BROWN = "Little, Brown and Co."} @String{pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr = "Boston, MA, USA"} @String{pub-MIT = "MIT Press"} @String{pub-MIT:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} @String{pub-OXFORD = "Oxford University Press"} @String{pub-OXFORD:adr = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"} @String{pub-PANTHEON = "Pantheon Books"} @String{pub-PANTHEON:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-PRINCETON = "Princeton University Press"} @String{pub-PRINCETON:adr = "Princeton, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-SAUR = "K. G. Saur"} @String{pub-SAUR:adr = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany; New Providence, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER = "Simon and Schuster"} @String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-ST-MARTINS = "St. Martin's Press"} @String{pub-ST-MARTINS:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-STANFORD = "Stanford University Press"} @String{pub-STANFORD:adr = "Stanford, CA, USA"} @String{pub-SV = "Spring{\-}er-Ver{\-}lag"} @String{pub-SV:adr = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg, Germany~/ London, UK~/ etc."} @String{pub-U-CHICAGO = "University of Chicago Press"} @String{pub-U-CHICAGO:adr = "Chicago, IL, USA"} @String{pub-U-NC = "University of North Carolina Press"} @String{pub-U-NC:adr = "Chapel Hill, NC, USA"} @String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD = "Van Nostrand Reinhold"} @String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-WORLD-SCI = "World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd."} @String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr = "P. O. Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 9128"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Part 1 (of 3) --- Leo Szilard and his works %%% TO DO: Find Hungarian patent 102,079. %%% %%% From \cite{Dannen:1998:LSI}: Einstein and Szilard would file more %%% than 45 patent applications in at least six countries. %%% %%% A search of the http://patft.uspto.gov/ Web site for inventor %%% Szilard returns the numbers below. Early ones are not available in %%% text form, but only as page images. All of the text patents are too %%% new to be Leo Szilard. The Google patent search site does not find %%% any more Szilard patents than those already present in this %%% bibliography, and most are found only with search strings of the %%% form "patent:7,066,449", rather than by a patent author search. %%% There are many errors of character recognition in the patent scans, %%% so it is possible that some US Szilard patents have been missed in %%% this list. All have been checked, and bracketed initials %%% following the patent numbers identify authors of patents of Leo %%% Szilard. %%% %%% PAT. NO. Title %%% %%% 1 7,066,449 Full-Text Process and apparatus for uprooting trees %%% 2 5,664,368 Full-Text Process for the development of novel type of plants with nitrogen-fixing capacity also in their leaves %%% 3 5,026,895 Full-Text Novel (trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy-benzoic acid derivatives, process for the preparation thereof and fungicides containing these compounds as active ingredient %%% 4 4,985,463 Full-Text Aminodiaryl sulfoxide derivatives, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical and pesticidal compositions containing them %%% 5 4,880,010 Full-Text Method of and apparatus for ultrasonic imaging %%% 6 4,831,194 Full-Text Process for the preparation of nitrodiaryl sulfoxides %%% 7 4,710,323 Full-Text Nitrodiaryl sulfoxide derivatives, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical and pesticidal compositions containing them as active ingredient %%% 8 4,668,247 Full-Text Hydrogen energy releasing catalyst %%% 9 4,576,637 Full-Text Process for preparing silicon-base complex ferrous alloys %%% 10 4,530,819 Full-Text Process for reducing the iron %%% 11 4,486,825 Full-Text Circuit arrangement for extended addressing of a microprocessor system %%% 12 4,425,219 Full-Text Method for the production of liquid carbon compounds from coal %%% 13 4,416,862 Full-Text Process for the preparation of aluminium trichloride and silicon dioxide by chlorination of alumina with silicon tetrachloride %%% 14 4,368,333 Full-Text Method for the chemical utilization of coal by liquid phase oxidation %%% 15 4,366,129 Full-Text Process for producing alumina and ferric oxide from aluminium carriers with high iron and silicon content %%% 16 3,956,454 Full-Text Process for producing aluminum trichloride %%% 17 3,459,871 Full-Page Image 174/25R 162/157.5 174/110R 174/120R 174/122R 174/26R %%% 18 3,017,569 Full-Page Image 324/425 422/76 %%% 19 2,986,510 [EW/LS/RFC/FLF] Full-Page Image 376/341 376/171 376/358 976/DIG.34 %%% 20 2,886,503 [LS/EW/EC] Full-Page Image 376/395 376/264 376/366 376/414 376/424 976/DIG.46 976/DIG.50 %%% 21 2,872,401 [EW/LS/EC] Full-Page Image 376/416 376/268 376/423 376/455 428/650 428/655 428/939 976/DIG.53 %%% 22 2,836,554 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/383 376/264 376/269 376/908 976/DIG.187 %%% 23 2,832,733 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/368 376/189 376/214 376/298 376/330 376/363 376/364 376/401 376/454 376/455 976/DIG.102 976/DIG.189 976/DIG.197 976/DIG.27 976/DIG.310 %%% 24 2,825,689 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/361 376/420 376/451 976/DIG.46 %%% 25 2,807,581 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/347 376/287 376/432 376/908 976/DIG.17 976/DIG.287 %%% 26 2,798,847 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/219 376/158 376/171 376/300 376/339 376/903 376/904 976/DIG.17 976/DIG.25 976/DIG.39 976/DIG.5 %%% 27 2,796,396 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/208 376/210 376/328 376/402 376/906 976/DIG.189 976/DIG.310 %%% 28 2,778,792 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/265 134/22.1 134/28 134/30 376/311 376/358 423/20 423/260 976/DIG.259 %%% 29 2,708,656 [EF/LS] Full-Page Image 376/381 122/1R 165/47 165/78 250/496.1 252/478 376/255 376/264 376/272 376/300 376/327 376/342 376/347 376/350 376/401 376/458 376/903 376/908 976/DIG.17 976/DIG.25 976/DIG.39 976/DIG.5 %%% 30 2,320,201 Full-Page Image 174/121A 514/736 %%% 31 2,222,638 Full-Page Image 174/116 106/18.33 174/120C 174/121R 514/367 523/122 %%% 32 2,161,985 [LS] Full-Page Image 376/156 307/110 313/230 313/32 313/35 313/39 376/169 376/189 376/192 376/199 %%% 33 2,110,312 Full-Page Image 379/74 379/82 379/84 %%% 34 1,781,541 [AE/LS] Full-Page Image 62/110 62/112 62/490 %%% 35 1,715,874 [LS] Full-Page Image 313/165 220/2.1R 313/167 313/168 313/22 313/328 313/34 313/611 417/152 %%% 36 1,704,308 Full-Page Image 51/309 51/307 %%% 37 1,697,210 [LS] Full-Page Image 313/22 220/2.1R 313/167 313/566 313/7 %%% 38 1,329,073 Full-Page Image 441/57 2/159 441/119 [1920] @Book{Szilard:1917:LSI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{L'homme} sous l'influence des facteurs biologiques radioactifs. ({French}) [{Man} under the influence of radioactive biological factors]", publisher = "Tip. Felipe Pe{\~n}a Cruz", address = "Madrid, Spain", pages = "24", year = "1917", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:56:47 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "French", xxnote = "Check year: it is clearly wrong! Web searches find this publisher only in the early 1900s (Tip == Tipografia??), but no current Web site. Only a single Spanish library catalog (http://rebiun.crue.org/) seems to record this book. Google and Bing search engines cannot find it. A Spanish translation of the title might be ``El hombre bajo la influencia de factores biol{\'o}gicos radiactivos'', but searches for those words are similarly unsuccessful.", } @PhdThesis{Szilard:1922:TSG, author = "L. Szilard", title = "{\"Uber die thermodynamischen Schwankungserscheinungen}. ({German}) [{On} thermodynamic fluctuation phenomena]", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "Freie Universit{\"a}t Berlin", address = "Berlin, Germany", pages = "45", year = "1922", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:38:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This dissertation was awarded the notation ``exima'': the highest honor.", ZMnumber = "51.0695.19", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Max von Laue", language = "German", remark = "Reprinted in \booktitle{Jahrbuch der Dissertationen der Philosophischen Fakult{\"a}t Berlin, 1921/22}. Segr{\`e} says that Szilard was ``one of [Max] Planck's very few students'' \cite[page 63]{Fermi:1927:MSP}, but the FU-Katalog entry for the dissertation does not list the advisor; another source gave that credit to von Laue.", } @Article{Mark:1925:EVA, author = "H. Mark and L. Szilard", title = "{Ein einfacher Versuch zur Auffindung eines selektiven Effektes bei der Zerstreuung von R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen}. ({German}) [{A} simple test for the detection of a selective effect on the scattering of {X}-rays]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "688--691", month = dec, year = "1925", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01328354", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:41:53 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/h672566162427q81/; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1925ZPhy...33..688M", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1925:APT, author = "L. Szilard", title = "{\"Uber die Ausdehnung der ph\"anomenologischen Thermodynamik auf die Schwankungserscheinungen}. ({German}) [{On} the extension of the phenomenological Thermodynamics to fluctuation phenomena]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "753--788", month = dec, year = "1925", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01331713", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:38:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1925ZPhy...32..753S", ZMnumber = "51.0403.01", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", reviewer = "Prof. W. Gordon (Hamburg)", } @Article{Mark:1926:PRD, author = "H. Mark and L. Szilard", title = "{Die Polarisierung von R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen durch Reflexion an Kristallen}. ({German}) [{The} polarization of {X}-ray beams through reflection in crystals]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "35", number = "19", pages = "743--747", month = oct, year = "1926", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386041", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:46:28 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926ZPhy...35..743M", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik", language = "German", } @Misc{Szilard:1929:DTa, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Discharge Tube", howpublished = "US Patent 1,697,210", day = "1", month = jan, year = "1929", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:45:22 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 20, 1925, serial number 24,575, and in Germany, September 3, 1924.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1929:DTb, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Discharge Tube", howpublished = "US Patent 1,715,874", day = "4", month = jun, year = "1929", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:41:19 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "File October 28, 1925, serial number 65,394, and in Germany November 5, 1924.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "thermionic discharge tube", } @Article{Szilard:1929:EET, author = "L. Szilard", title = "{\"Uber die Entropieverminderung in einem thermodynamischen System bei Eingriffen intelligenter Wesen}. ({German}) [{On} entropy reduction in a thermodynamic system by interference by intelligent subjects]", journal = j-Z-PHYSIK, volume = "53", number = "11--12", pages = "840--856", month = "????", year = "1929", CODEN = "ZEPYAA", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01341281", ISSN = "0044-3328", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:38:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This paper contains Szilard's classic analysis of Maxwell's demon, and shows that the entropy of a unit of information is equal to $k \log 2$, foreshadowing Claude Shannon's famous 1948 work on ``A Mathematical Theory of Communication''. See also the later English translations \cite{Szilard:1964:DET,Szilard:1976:ERT}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1929ZPhy...53..840S", ZMnumber = "55.0488.06", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", reviewer = "Prof. W. Gordon (Hamburg)", } @Misc{Einstein:1930:R, author = "Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard", title = "Refrigeration", howpublished = "US Patent 1,781,541.", pages = "4", day = "11", month = nov, year = "1930", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:09:21 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Application filed December 16, 1927 (serial number 240,566) and in Germany, December 16, 1926. See \cite{Dannen:1997:ESR,Dannen:1997:SRD} for accounts of this invention.", URL = "http://www.google.com/patents?id=t0BRAAAAEBAJ", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rupp:1931:BPE, author = "E. Rupp and L. Szilard", title = "{Beeinflussung ,,polarisierter'' Elektronenstrahlen durch Magnetfelder}. ({German}) [{Influence} on polarized electron beams by magnetic fields]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "19", number = "??", pages = "422--423", month = may, year = "1931", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01516395", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:50:35 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931NW.....19..422R", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Brasch:1934:ANB, author = "A. Brasch and F. Lange and A. Waly and T. E. Banks and T. A. Chalmers and L. Szilard and F. L. Hopwood", title = "{Ausl{\"o}sung von Neutronen aus Beryllium durch harte R{\"o}ntgenstrahlen. Erzeugung radioaktiver Elemente}. ({German}) [{Release} of neutrons from beryllium by hard {X}-rays. Production of radioactive elements]", journal = j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, volume = "22", number = "50", pages = "839--839", month = dec, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATWAY", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01497363", ISSN = "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-1042", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:55:04 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934NW.....22..839B", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Article{Brasch:1934:LNB, author = "A. Brasch and F. Lange and A. Waly and T. E. Banks and T. A. Chalmers and Leo Szilard and F. L. Hopwood", title = "Liberation of Neutrons from Beryllium by {X}-Rays: Radioactivity Induced by Means of Electron Tubes", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "134", number = "3397", pages = "880--880", day = "8", month = dec, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/134880a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:01:06 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v134/n3397/pdf/134880a0.pdf; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934Natur.134..880B", abstract = "It has been recently reported that neutrons are liberated from beryllium by $\beta$-rays of radium and that these are able to induce radioactivity in iodine. Following up this work, we have attempted to liberate neutrons from beryllium by means of hard X-rays, produced by high-voltage electron tubes. An electron tube, which could conveniently be operated by a high-voltage impulse generator at several million volts, is at present in use in the High Tension Laboratory of the A.E.G. in Berlin, and has served in the present experiment for the production of X-rays.", abstract-2 = "X-rays from a tungsten anticathode generated at a voltage above $1\mbox{\rm --}5 \times 10^6$ v. were allowed to fall on beryllium. An organic bromine compound (bromo-form) was exposed to the radiation of the beryllium and this compound was then sent by air from Berlin to London.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1934:CSR, author = "Leo Szilard and T. A. Chalmers", title = "Chemical Separation of the Radioactive Element from its Bombarded Isotope in the {Fermi} Effect", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "134", number = "3386", pages = "462--462", day = "22", month = sep, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/134462b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:05:33 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v134/n3386/pdf/134462b0.pdf; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934Natur.134..462S", abstract = "Following the pioneer experiment of Fermi, it has been found by Fermi, Amaldi, D'Agostino, Rasetti and Segr{\`e} that many elements up to the atomic number 30, when bombarded by neutrons from a radon-beryllium source, are transmuted into a radioactive element which is chemically different from the bombarded element. In several cases of this type, they succeeded in separating chemically the active substance from the bulk of the bombarded element, and there is no inherent difficulty in getting any desirable concentration of the radioactive element.", abstract-2 = "They have not observed such chemical changes in elements above the atomic number 30, though many of these heavier elements show strong Fermi effects. For some of these, for example, arsenic, bromine, iodine, iridium and gold, they could show that the activity is carried by the bombarded element, which in the circumstances leads to the conclusion that the radioactive element is an isotope of the bombarded element.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Szilard--Chalmers reaction (method for concentrating artificially-produced radioactive isotopes)", } @Article{Szilard:1934:DNL, author = "Leo Szilard and T. A. Chalmers", title = "Detection of Neutrons Liberated from Beryllium by Gamma Rays: a New Technique for Inducing Radioactivity", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "134", number = "3887", pages = "494--495", day = "29", month = sep, year = "1934", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/134494b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:03:00 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v134/n3387/pdf/134494b0.pdf; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934Natur.134..494S", abstract = "We have observed that a radiation emitted from beryllium under the influence of radium gamma rays excites induced radioactivity in iodine, and we conclude that neutrons are liberated from beryllium by gamma rays.", abstract-2 = "Chadwick and Goldhaber were the first to observe a nuclear disintegration due to the action of gamma rays. In their pioneer experiment1, they used a small ionisation chamber filled with heavy hydrogen and observed that protons were ejected from the heavy hydrogen under the influence of gamma rays from thorium C. Their method can be used for the detection of the gamma ray disintegrations of other elements, as such a disintegration would generally be accompanied by the ejection of charged nuclei which their method is designed to detect.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Szilard--Chalmers reaction (method for concentrating artificially-produced radioactive isotopes)", } @Article{Collie:1935:CBN, author = "C. H. Collie and J. H. E. Griffiths and L. Szilard", title = "Collisions between Neutrons and Diplons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "135", number = "3422", pages = "903--904", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/135903b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:57:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v135/n3422/pdf/135903b0.pdf", abstract = "For this reason absorption measurements using a spherical absorber do not necessarily give the true absorption, since the effect of scattering will be to increase the value of 0W and thus increase the radioactivity produced. If each neutron is scattered several times, this secondary effect may cause an apparent increase in the strength of the beam by a factor as great as 2.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "`Diplon' was an early, and now long discarded, name for `deuteron', the nucleus of deuterium (heavy hydrogen), containing one proton and one neutron.", } @Article{Szilard:1935:ARN, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Absorption of Residual Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "136", number = "3450", pages = "950--951", day = "14", month = dec, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/136950b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:14:03 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v136/n3450/pdf/136950b0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", remark = "Incorrectly recorded in Nature database as author `Szilakd', and thus, invisible to normal search-by-author.", } @Misc{Szilard:1935:PSN, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Provisional Specification No. 7840 1934. Improvements in or relating to the Transmutation of Chemical Elements", howpublished = "British Patent 440,023.", day = "12", month = dec, year = "1935", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:31:19 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Patent applied for on March 12, 1934.", URL = "http://nuclearhistory.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/szilards-chain-reaction-patents-440023-630726-lodged-1934/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "This is believed to be the world's first patent on nuclear fusion, with applications to both power plants, and to atomic weapons. One Web source claims that it was filed on 12 March 1934, and assigned to the British Admiralty in 1936 to ensure its secrecy.", xxnote = "I cannot find this in either the UK or EU patent office Web sites; perhaps it is too old to be available electronically?", } @Article{Szilard:1935:RIN, author = "Leo Szilard and T. A. Chalmers", title = "Radioactivity Induced by Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "135", number = "3403", pages = "98--98", day = "19", month = jan, year = "1935", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/135098b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:59:24 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v135/n3403/pdf/135098b0.pdf", abstract = "Our own unpublished observations on indium show the one hour period and a longer period of several hours (estimated at 3J h.). If indium is irradiated in air these two periods show strong initial intensities of the same order of magnitude, but if it is irradiated in water, the one hour period is so strongly reinforced that it overshadows the long period and may thereby prevent its detection.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Szilard--Chalmers reaction (method for concentrating artificially-produced radioactive isotopes)", } @Misc{Szilard:1936:IRT, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Improvements in or relating to Transmutation of Chemical Elements", howpublished = "British Patent 630,726.", day = "30", month = mar, year = "1936", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:31:19 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Provisional Specification No. 19157 1934. Patent applied for (in numbers 19157/34 and 19721/34) on June 28 and July 4, 1934, but held secret until published on 28 September 1949.", URL = "http://nuclearhistory.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/szilards-chain-reaction-patents-440023-630726-lodged-1934/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The second paragraph says: ``This invention has for its object the production of radio active bodies, the storage of energy through the production of such bodies, and the liberation of nuclear energy for power product and other purposes through nuclear transmutation.''", xxnote = "I cannot find this in either the UK or EU patent office Web sites; perhaps it is too old to be available electronically? There is a reproduction of part of the first page of the patent in \cite[page 4]{Michaudon:2000:FMW}.", } @Article{Griffiths:1937:GRE, author = "J. H. E. Griffiths and Leo Szilard", title = "Gamma Rays excited by Capture of Neutrons", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "139", number = "3512", pages = "323--324", day = "20", month = feb, year = "1937", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/139323b0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:14:02 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v139/n3512/pdf/139323b0.pdf", abstract = "We have used radon-beryllium sources, with an experimental arrangement designed to reduce the high background effects of the Geiger counter due to the gamma rays emitted by this type of neutron source, and also to concentrate slow neutrons on the counter.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anderson:1939:NPA, author = "H. L. Anderson and E. Fermi and Leo Szilard", title = "Neutron Production and Absorption in Uranium", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "56", number = "3", pages = "284--286", day = "1", month = aug, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.56.284", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v56/i3/p284_1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...56..284A", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @Misc{Einstein:1939:AEL, author = "Albert Einstein", title = "{Albert Einstein}'s Letter to {President Franklin Delano Roosevelt}", howpublished = "World-Wide Web document", day = "2", month = aug, year = "1939", bibdate = "Mon Jun 18 17:52:21 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://hypertextbook.com/eworld/einstein.shtml; http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/aetofdr.html; http://www.lanl.gov/history/road/pdf/Einstein.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The letter, written at the urging of Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, and Edward Teller, begins: ``Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been communicated to me in manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future.''", remark-2 = "Reprinted in \cite[pages 113--114]{Segre:1970:EFPb}.", } @Article{Goldhaber:1939:RIN, author = "M. Goldhaber and R. D. Hill and Leo Szilard", title = "Radioactivity Induced by Nuclear Excitation {I}. Excitation by Neutrons", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "55", number = "1", pages = "47--59", day = "1", month = jan, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.47", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i1/p47_1", abstract = "It is shown that the 4.1-hr. period of indium can be produced by nuclear excitation of indium and is to be attributed to an excited metastable state, In$^{115,*}$ of the stable In$^{115}$. This result is obtained by studying the radioactivity produced in indium by neutrons of different energy distributions and by studying the chain reactions produced in cadmium by fast neutrons. It is found that In$^{115*}$ can be produced from In$^{115}$ by 2.5-Mev neutrons, but not noticeably by strong sources of photoneutrons which have energies of a few hundred thousand electron volts. A radioactive Cd$^{115}$ of 2.5-day half-life time is found to transform with emission of negative electrons into In$^{115*}$. Cd$^{115}$ was produced by neutron loss from Cd$^{116}$ and by neutron capture from Cd$^{114}$.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @Article{Szilard:1939:IEF, author = "Leo Szilard and Walter H. Zinn", title = "Instantaneous Emission of Fast Neutrons in the Interaction of Slow Neutrons with Uranium", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "55", number = "8", pages = "799--800", day = "15", month = apr, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.799", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i8/p799_1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55..799S", ZMnumber = "Zbl 0021.09109", abstract = "In this classic article, evidence from experiments conducted at Columbia University shows that approximately two neutrons are emitted for each fission of a uranium atom by slow neutrons. That number of emitted neutrons per fission supported the conclusion that a nuclear chain reaction, which could release vast amounts of energy, was possible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", remark = "This paper appeared near entry \cite{Anderson:1939:PNU} in the same journal issue (separated by one unrelated paper); the two papers describe work from the Fermi research group at Columbia University to find out how many neutrons were omitted in the fission of uranium, with the goal of determining whether a sustained nuclear chain reaction was possible.", } @Misc{Szilard:1939:PPR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Process of Producing Radio-Active Elements", howpublished = "US Patent 2,161,985.", pages = "6", day = "13", month = jun, year = "1939", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 18:55:07 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed March 11, 1935, serial number 10,500. Filed in Great Britain on 12 March 1934.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Zinn:1939:ENU, author = "W. H. Zinn and Leo Szilard", title = "Emission of Neutrons by Uranium", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "56", number = "7", pages = "619--624", day = "1", month = oct, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.56.619", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v56/i7/p619_1", ZMnumber = "Zbl 0022.19103", abstract = "Fast neutrons emitted by uranium under the action of thermal neutrons were studied by using a radium-beryllium photoneutron source. The background due to the primary neutrons can be neglected since only a few of the photoneutrons are sufficiently fast to be counted. Data are obtained concerning the energy spectrum of the uranium fission neutrons by recording photographically by means of a linear amplifier and cathode-ray oscillograph the pulses due to helium atoms projected in an ionization chamber. Visual inspection of the record gives an upper limit of the spectrum of 3.5 Mev. The number of neutrons emitted is estimated by analyzing the pulse distribution of hydrogen atoms projected by uranium neutrons in an ionization chamber filled with hydrogen and argon. The number found is brought into relationship with the number of fissions, observed under comparable conditions in an ionization chamber lined with a thin film of uranium oxide containing a known amount of uranium. In this way it is found that about 2.3 neutrons are emitted per fission. The method used would permit a greater accuracy in the determination of this number than the actual accuracy obtained in the present experiments. This number, together with the fission cross section and the cross section for radiative capture gives the number of neutrons produced for each thermal neutron absorbed in uranium.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @TechReport{Bothe:1941:ATN, author = "W. Bothe and P. Jensen", title = "{Die Absorption thermischer Neutronen in Elektrographit}. ({German}) [{The} absorption of thermal neutrons in electrographite]", type = "Report", number = "G-71", institution = "????", address = "????", day = "20", month = jan, year = "1941", bibdate = "Mon Jul 30 12:12:50 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Captured German report cited in \cite[page 29]{Weart:1976:SS} that contained incorrect results on the neutron capture cross-section of carbon. Those results caused the German Uranium Project scientists to switch from graphite to the hard-to-get deuterium (in heavy water obtained from the Rjukan Plant in Norway) as a neutron moderator, and likely, substantially delayed their progress in achieving a working nuclear reactor as a precursor to an atomic bomb.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @TechReport{Marshall:1941:PRC, author = "J. Marshall and Leo Szilard", title = "Preliminary report on the capture of neutrons by uranium in the energy region of photo neutrons from radium--beryllium sources", type = "Report", number = "CP-317", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "5", month = dec, year = "1941", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Marshall:1941:PRF, author = "J. Marshall and Leo Szilard", title = "Preliminary report on fission caused by fission neutrons", type = "Report", number = "CP-316", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "14", month = nov, year = "1941", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Szilard:1941:MRQ, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Memorandum raising the question whether the action of explosive chain-reacting bodies can be based on an `expulsion' method ({Columbia University})", type = "Report", number = "A-56", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "21", month = oct, year = "1941", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1941:PRI, author = "Leo Szilard and W. H. Zinn", title = "Preliminary report on inelastic collision of neutrons in uranium and other heavy elements", type = "Report", number = "CP-285", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "12", month = dec, year = "1941", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Szilard:1941:PRM, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Preliminary report on the melting of uranium powder", type = "Report", number = "A-24 (CT-M)", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "16", month = aug, year = "1941", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1941:SSE, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Suggestions for a search for element 94 in nature", type = "Report", number = "A-45 (CN-G)", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "29", month = sep, year = "1941", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Allison:1942:RCE, author = "Samuel K. Allison and C. M. Cooper and Enrico Fermi and Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard", title = "Report of the Committee for the Examination of the {Moore--Leverett} Design of a {He}-cooled Plant", type = "Report", number = "CE-324", institution = inst-AEC, address = inst-AEC:adr, year = "1942", bibdate = "Fri Jun 22 08:24:30 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Included are four pages that seem to have been written by Enrico Fermi, chairman of the committee. Undated: year chosen according to report number.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Creutz:1942:TDM, author = "E. Creutz and J. Marshall and Leo Szilard", title = "Technological division and {M.I.T.} group. {Report} for month ending {October 15, 1942}", type = "Report", number = "CE-301", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Feld:1942:EPD, author = "B. T. Feld and Leo Szilard", title = "Examples for pressure drop calculations in parallel-flow helium cooling", type = "Report", number = "CP-308", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "18", month = jun, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Feld:1942:MPL, author = "B. Feld and Leo Szilard", title = "A magnetic pump for liquid bismuth", type = "Report", number = "CE-279", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "14", month = jul, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Leverett:1942:DHC, author = "M. C. Leverett and C. M. Cooper and T. V. Moore and E. P. Wigner and E. S. Steinbach and E. Fermi and J. A. Wheeler and S. K. Allison and Leo Szilard", title = "Discussion of helium cooled power plant", type = "Report", number = "CS-267", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "16", month = sep, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Marshall:1942:TDR, author = "J. Marshall and Leo Szilard", title = "Technological division. {Report} for month ending {September 15, 1942}", type = "Report", number = "CE-271", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Contents: Mg reduction of UF$_4$; melting furnaces and casting of uranium", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Moore:1942:ETD, author = "T. V. Moore and M. C. Leverett and C. M. Cooper and E. S. Steinbach and Leo Szilard", title = "Engineering and technological divisions. Report for month ending {August 15, 1942}", type = "Report", number = "CE-236", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Szilard:1942:ABC, author = "A. M. Weinberg and E. P. Wigner and R. F. Christy and Leo Szilard", title = "Approximate boundary conditions for diffusion equation at interface between two media", type = "Report", number = "CP-189", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "10", month = jul, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Szilard:1942:CPP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On the cooling of the power plant", type = "Report", number = "CE-130", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "15", month = jun, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "See addendum \cite{Szilard:1942:MCPa} and supplement \cite{Szilard:1942:MCPb}. Contents: cooling media; general requirements; magnitude of power to be dissipated; design of cooling system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1942:MCPa, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Memorandum on the cooling of the power plant", type = "Report", number = "CE-146", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "24", month = jun, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Addendum to \cite{Szilard:1942:CPP}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1942:MCPb, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Memorandum on the cooling of the power plant", type = "Report", number = "CE-150", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "29", month = jun, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Supplement to \cite{Szilard:1942:CPP,Szilard:1942:MCPa}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1942:SMB, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Short memorandum on bismuth cooled power unit", type = "Report", number = "CP-360", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "23", month = nov, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1942:UAP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Uranium aggregates for power unit", type = "Report", number = "CP-357", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "23", month = nov, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1942:WWU, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "What's Wrong with Us?", howpublished = "Memorandum.", month = sep, year = "1942", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 09:58:58 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Cited in \cite[page 39]{Shils:1964:LSM}. The memo urges speedier action on the Manhattan Project.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Ashkin:1943:PCR, author = "J. Ashkin and S. Bernstein and B. Feld and H. Kubitschek and Leo Szilard", title = "Preliminary comparison of radon--boron and {Ra $+$ Be} neutron sources", type = "Report", number = "CP-412", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "19", month = jan, year = "1943", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Feld:1943:NEF, author = "B. Feld and J. Ashkin and S. Bernstein and E. Creutz and J. Kelsner and R. Scalettar and Leo Szilard", title = "Neutron emission in fission of {U238}", type = "Report", number = "CF-1177", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "29", month = dec, year = "1943", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Ohlinger:1944:NEC, author = "L. A. Ohlinger and Leo Szilard and G. Young", title = "New end closures for {Al} cans", type = "Report", number = "N-866", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "30", month = mar, year = "1944", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Szilard:1944:EPE, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Extrusion process for elimination of weld on slugs", type = "Report", number = "N-1346", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "7", month = jul, year = "1944", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1944:PUT, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Proposal for use of thorium in poisoning slugs for {W} pile", type = "Report", number = "N-962", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "14", month = apr, year = "1944", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1944:WMP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Water moderated pile with {P-9} core", type = "Report", number = "N-1355", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "7", month = jul, year = "1944", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Franck:1945:RCP, author = "James Franck and Donald J. Hughes and J. J. Nickson and Eugene Rabinowitch and Glenn T. Seaborg and J. C. Stearns and Leo Szilard", title = "Report of the {Committee on Political and Social Problems, Manhattan Project `Metallurgical Laboratory', University of Chicago (The Franck Report)}", howpublished = "U.S. National Archives, Washington, DC: Record Group 77, Manhattan Engineer District Records, Harrison--Bundy File, folder \#76.", day = "11", month = jun, year = "1945", bibdate = "Wed Aug 29 07:39:02 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This is the famous minority report, written one month before the first successful test of the atomic bomb at the Trinity site in New Mexico, in which seven scientists, most of who worked on the Manhattan Project, recommended against the use of the atomic bomb on Japan, and predicted a dangerous post-war nuclear arms race. According to the Web document ``The Uncensored Franck Report (1945--1946)'', by Alex Wellerstein, dated 11 January 2012, the original report was censored in at least eight places; of those, seven have since been recovered, and at least one sentence exists, but has been blacked out by government censors.", URL = "http://datatorch.com/Science/Scientists_Stories.aspx?id=52; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck_Report; http://nuclearsecrecy.com/blog/2012/01/11/weekly-document-9-the-uncensored-franck-report-1945-1946/; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/ManhattanProject/FranckReport.shtml' http://www.wissenschaft-und-frieden.de/seite.php?artikelID=1092; http://www.dannen.com/decision/franck.html; http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/franck.html; http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/franck-report.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1945:U, author = "Leo Szilard and {64 scientists}", title = "[unknown]", howpublished = "Petition to the US President to forbid use of atomic weapons on Japan.", year = "1945", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:03:43 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Cited in \cite[page 40]{Shils:1964:LSM}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1945:WTS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "We turned the switch", journal = "The Nation", volume = "156", number = "??", pages = "718--719", day = "22", month = dec, year = "1945", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "0027-8378", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:35:12 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.thenation.com/", abstract = "In this speech, Leo Szilard discusses the atomic scientists beliefs regarding using atomic energy as a weapon, giving a chronology of the events leading to that point. The title of the speech refers to the 1939 experiment in which Szilard and Walet Zinn ran an experiment which showed that it was possible to liberate atomic energy, the pioneering experiment in the use of atomic energy. Szilard recounts the pressure the government placed on scientists working to build atomic weapons and the silence the government asked them to keep after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with contempt. He claims the only hope for controlling the use of atomic weapons is that the indecision in Washington, DC, is not political, but a between those who understand the power of the bomb and those who do not. Szilard also discusses possible means of prevention of Soviet and American amassing of nuclear weapons.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Feld:1946:UTD, author = "B. T. Feld and R. Scalettar and Leo Szilard", title = "Use of threshold detectors for fast neutron studies", type = "Report", number = "MDDC-897", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "26", month = dec, year = "1946", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Article{Franck:1946:RSW, author = "James Franck and Donald J. Hughes and J. J. Nickson and Eugene Rabinowitch and Glenn T. Seaborg and J. C. Stearns and Leo Szilard", title = "A Report to the {Secretary of War}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "1", number = "10", pages = "2--4, 16", day = "1", month = may, year = "1946", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Wed Aug 29 11:14:28 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "The authors are members of the Committee on Political and Social Problems, Manhattan Project `Metallurgical Laboratory', University of Chicago, and this report subsequently became known as `The Franck Report'. The report was written on 11 June 1945, one month before the first successful test of the atomic bomb at the Trinity site in New Mexico. In it, seven scientists, most of who worked on the Manhattan Project, recommend against the use of the atomic bomb on Japan, and predict a dangerous post-war nuclear arms race. This version was partially declassified in February 1946; eight fragments of text have been removed at the order of government censors. Some of that censored text was later recovered, but at least one sentence may still be missing --- see the Web document ``The Uncensored Franck Report (1945--1946)'', by Alex Wellerstein, dated 11 January 2012. Reprinted in \cite{Franck:1963:RSW}, and in a longer form, in \cite[Appendix]{Smith:1965:PHS} and \cite[pages 371--383]{Smith:1970:PHS}.", URL = "http://datatorch.com/Science/Scientists_Stories.aspx?id=52; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck_Report; http://nuclearsecrecy.com/blog/2012/01/11/weekly-document-9-the-uncensored-franck-report-1945-1946/; http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/ManhattanProject/FranckReport.shtml' http://www.wissenschaft-und-frieden.de/seite.php?artikelID=1092; http://www.dannen.com/decision/franck.html; http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/franck.html; http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/franck-report.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", keywords = "Franck Report", } @InCollection{Szilard:1946:CWA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system?", crossref = "Masters:1946:OWN", pages = "61--65", year = "1946", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 15:07:31 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Szilard:1946:DCR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Divergent chain reaction in systems composed of uranium and carbon", type = "Report", number = "MDDC-446", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "21", month = nov, year = "1946", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1946:KVU, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{Kan vi undgaa Kaprustning ved et Inspektionssystem?}", crossref = "Masters:1946:VEI", pages = "??--??", year = "1946", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 15:07:31 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Ashkin:1947:PCR, author = "J. Ashkin and S. Bernstein and B. Feld and H. Kubitschek and Leo Szilard", title = "Preliminary comparison of radon--boron and radium--beryllium neutron sources", type = "Report", number = "MDDC-1436", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "27", month = oct, year = "1947", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Bernstein:1947:ISFa, author = "S. Bernstein and B. Feld and J. Ashkin and Leo Szilard", title = "Inelastic scattering of {Fe}, {Pb}, and {Bi}", type = "Report", number = "MDDC-1536", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "27", month = aug, year = "1947", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @TechReport{Bernstein:1947:ISFb, author = "S. Bernstein and B. T. Feld and Leo Szilard", title = "Inelastic scattering of fast neutrons", type = "Report", number = "MDDC-1292", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "10", month = sep, year = "1947", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Bernstein:1947:ISFc, author = "S. Bernstein and B. Feld and J. Ashkin and Leo Szilard", title = "Inelastic scattering of {Fe}, {Pb}, and {Bi}", type = "Report", number = "MonP-375", institution = "{US Atomic Energy Commission}", address = "Washington, DC, USA", day = "25", month = sep, year = "1947", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:44:15 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1947:CC, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Calling for a Crusade", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "4--5", pages = "102--106", month = apr # "\slash " # may, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:39:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1947:CED, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Comment to the Editors by {Dr. Szilard}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "350, 353", month = dec, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:39:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1947:LS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Letter to {Stalin}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "348--349", month = dec, year = "1947", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:39:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1948:ISF, author = "L. Szilard and S. Bernstein and B. Feld and J. Ashkin", title = "Inelastic Scattering of Fast Neutrons by {Fe}, {Pb}, and {Bi}", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "73", number = "11", pages = "1307--1310", day = "1", month = jun, year = "1948", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.1307", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 14:46:39 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v73/i11/p1307_1; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948PhRv...73.1307S", abstract = "Measurements of inelastic scattering effects of Ra-$\alpha$-Be and Ra-$\alpha$-B neutrons in Fe, Pb, and Bi have been made. A U$^{238}$ fission threshold detector was used. The method consisted in measuring the fission counting rate in the detector with and without the spherical scatterer surrounding the source. From the decrease in the counting rate caused by the presence of the scatterer, values of the cross section for inelastic scattering to below the U$^{238}$ fission threshold were calculated for several assumed values of the elastic scattering cross section.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", } @Article{Novick:1949:ELR, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Experiments on Light-Reactivation of Ultra-Violet Inactivated Bacteria", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "35", number = "10", pages = "591--600", month = oct, year = "1949", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.35.10.591", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:59:08 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949PNAS...35..591N; http://www.pnas.org/content/36/12/708.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1949:AFS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The {AEC Fellowships}: Shall We Yield or Fight?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "5", number = "6--7", pages = "177--178", month = jun # "\slash " # jul, year = "1949", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 06:39:58 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Szilard:1963:AFS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @Article{Szilard:1949:MTW, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "My Trial as a War Criminal", journal = "The {University of Chicago} Law Review", volume = "17", number = "1", pages = "79--86", month = "Autumn", year = "1949", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:57:43 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://lawreview.uchicago.edu/issues.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxURL = "http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/uclr17&div=10&collection=journals&set_as_cursor=0&men_tab=srchresults", } @TechReport{Szilard:1947:PHA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "A Personal History of the Atomic Bomb", type = "Round Table", number = "604", institution = "University of Chicago", address = "Chicago, IL, USA", day = "25", month = sep, year = "1947", bibdate = "Sat Jan 12 14:50:15 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1949:SWF, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Shall We Face the Facts?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "5", number = "10", pages = "269--272", month = oct, year = "1949", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:13:22 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bethe:1950:FAH, author = "Hans A. Bethe and Harrison S. Brown and Frederick Seitz and Leo Szilard", title = "The Facts about the Hydrogen Bomb", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "106--109", month = apr, year = "1950", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 10:43:57 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @TechReport{Fermi:1950:PIT, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard", title = "On the possibility of initiating a thermonuclear reaction in a mass of deuterium", type = "Report", institution = inst-LASL, address = inst-LASL:adr, month = "Summer", year = "1950", bibdate = "Thu Jun 21 17:19:23 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The exact title of this report is unknown to the public, because it is believed to remain classified. It is cited in \cite[page 39]{Telegdi:2002:EFA}.", } @Book{Gerstell:1950:HSA, author = "Richard Gerstell and Leo {Szilard, former owner}", title = "How to survive an atomic bomb", volume = "845", publisher = pub-BANTAM, address = pub-BANTAM:adr, pages = "149", year = "1950", LCCN = "UF767 .G39", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "A Bantam book", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Atomic bomb; Safety measures", } @Article{Novick:1950:DC, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Description of the Chemostat", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "112", number = "2920", pages = "715--716", month = dec, year = "1950", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.112.2920.715", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 13:03:25 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950Sci...112..715N", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Novick:1950:ECS, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Experiments with the Chemostat on Spontaneous Mutations of Bacteria", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "36", number = "12", pages = "708--719", month = dec, year = "1950", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.36.12.708", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 13:01:48 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950PNAS...36..708N; http://www.pnas.org/content/36/12/708.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1950:CWI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Can We Have International Control of Atomic Energy?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "9--12", month = jan, year = "1950", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:11:03 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InProceedings{Novick:1951:ESC, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", booktitle = "Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology", title = "Experiments on spontaneous and chemically induced mutations of bacteria growing in the chemostat", volume = "16", publisher = "????", address = "????", pages = "336--343", year = "1951", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:24:53 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Novick:1951:VSI, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Virus Strains of Identical Phenotype but Different Genotype", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "113", number = "2924", pages = "34--35", month = jan, year = "1951", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.113.2924.34", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 13:05:10 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951Sci...113...34N", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Novick:1952:AM, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", title = "Anti-mutagens", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "170", number = "4335", pages = "926--927", day = "29", month = nov, year = "1952", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/170926a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:12:29 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v170/n4335/pdf/170926a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InProceedings{Novick:1954:IEC, author = "Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard", editor = "????", booktitle = "{11th Symposium of the Society for the Study of Development and Growth}", title = "{II}. {Experiments} with the chemostat on the rates of amino acid synthesis in bacteria", publisher = "????", address = "????", pages = "??--??", year = "1954", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:26:07 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1954:SR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Security Risk", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "10", number = "12", pages = "384--386, 398", month = dec, year = "1954", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:08:02 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1955:NRa, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,708,656.", pages = "8", day = "17", month = may, year = "1955", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 16:32:35 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "US Patent Application 568,904 filed December 19, 1944.", URL = "http://www.google.com/patents?vid=2708656", abstract = "The present invention relates to the general subject of nuclear fission and particularly to the establishment of self-sustaining neutron chain fission reactions in systems embodying uranium having a natural isotopic content.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "About this patent, ``the U.S. Patent Office compared its significance to the patents by Samuel Morse for the telegraph and Alexander Graham Bell for the telephone.'' \cite{Dannen:1998:LSI}.", } @Article{Fermi:1955:PCU, author = "Enrico Fermi", title = "Physics at {Columbia University}: The genesis of the nuclear energy project", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "8", number = "11", pages = "12--16", month = nov, year = "1955", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3061815", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Sat Jun 16 15:06:18 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://link.aip.org/link/?PTO/8/12/1; http://link.aip.org/link/phtoad/v8/i11/p12/s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, CP-number = "269", fjournal = "Physics Today", remark = "From the abstract: ``The following is a verbatim transcript of Enrico Fermi's last address before the American Physical Society, delivered informally and without notes at Columbia University's McMillin Theater on Saturday morning, January 30, 1954.'' In the address, Fermi describes how, in 1939, Leo Szilard begin the push for secrecy in nuclear physics research, to deny scientists in Nazi Germany access to new results (see \cite{Wald:2004:FLP} for a retrospective of that action). Fermi also discusses at length the great effort that went on at Columbia University to determine whether graphite could be a suitable moderator for a nuclear reaction.", } @Article{Fox:1955:DGB, author = "Maurice S. Fox and Leo Szilard", title = "A device for growing bacterial populations under steady state conditions", journal = j-J-GEN-PHYSIOL, volume = "39", number = "??", pages = "261--266", month = "????", year = "1955", CODEN = "JGPLAD", ISSN = "0022-1295 (print), 1540-7748 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-1295", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:31:05 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Journal of General Physiology", } @Article{Szilard:1955:DPP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Disarmament and the Problem of Peace", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "11", number = "10", pages = "297--307", month = oct, year = "1955", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:03:55 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1955:FSP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The First Step to Peace", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "11", number = "3", pages = "104--104", month = mar, year = "1955", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:05:36 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1957:MON, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Method of operating a Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,798,847.", pages = "57", day = "9", month = jul, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:20:55 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed December 1, 1952, serial number 323,452.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1957:NR, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Neutronic reactor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,807,581.", pages = "11", day = "24", month = sep, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:23:36 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "US Patent Application 621,838, filed October 11, 1945.", URL = "http://www.google.com/patents/US2807581.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1957:MIO, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Method of Intermittently Operating a Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,796,396", pages = "4", day = "18", month = jun, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:15:02 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 16, 1946, serial number 662,512.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1957:MUR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Method for Unloading Reactors", howpublished = "US Patent 2,778,792", pages = "9", day = "22", month = jan, year = "1957", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:11:23 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 19, 1946.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1958:ACN, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szil{\'a}rd", title = "Air Cooled Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,836,554", pages = "20", day = "27", month = may, year = "1958", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:30:37 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed May 29, 1945, serial number 596,465.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Fermi:1958:CR, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard", title = "Chain Reactions", howpublished = "Canadian Patent 552312.", day = "28", month = jan, year = "1958", bibdate = "Tue Sep 04 14:50:47 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/552312/summary.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1958:HWM, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Heavy Water Moderated Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,832,733.", pages = "15", day = "29", month = apr, year = "1958", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 18:59:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 23, 1946. Serial number 664,145.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1958:NRF, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Neutronic Reactor and Fuel Element Therefor", howpublished = "US Patent 2,825,689.", pages = "3", day = "4", month = mar, year = "1958", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 18:59:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed April 25, 1946. Serial number 664,732.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Szilard:1959:JFE, author = "Leo Szilard and Eugene P. Wigner and Edward C. Creutz", title = "Jacketed Fuel Elements for Graphite Moderated Reactors", howpublished = "US Patent 2,886,503", day = "12", month = may, year = "1959", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:34:11 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed February 20, 1946, serial number 649,080.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1959:NAP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On the nature of the aging process", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "45", number = "1", pages = "30--45", month = jan, year = "1959", CODEN = "PNASA6", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 11:45:21 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.pnas.org/content/45/1/30.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1959:TA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "A Theory of Ageing", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "184", number = "4691", pages = "957--958", day = "26", month = sep, year = "1959", CODEN = "NATUAS", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:10:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v184/n4691/pdf/184957a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Wigner:1959:JFE, author = "Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard and Edward C. Creutz", title = "Jacketed Fuel Element", howpublished = "US Patent 2,872,401.", pages = "8", day = "3", month = feb, year = "1959", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 19:00:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed May 8, 1946, Serial number 668,110.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:CFS, author = "L. Szilard", title = "The Control of the Formation of Specific Proteins in Bacteria and in Animal Cells", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "277--292", month = mar, year = "1960", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.46.3.277", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:31:59 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960PNAS...46..277S; http://www.pnas.org/content/46/3/277.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:DSR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Dependence of the Sex Ratio at Birth on the Age of the Father", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "186", number = "4725", pages = "649--650", day = "21", month = may, year = "1960", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/186649a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:08:52 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v186/n4725/pdf/186649a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:HLB, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "How to Live with the Bomb --- and Survive", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "16", number = "2", pages = "58--73", month = feb, year = "1960", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:58:20 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Szilard:1963:HLB}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:MBA, author = "L. Szilard", title = "The Molecular Basis of Antibody Formation", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "293--302", month = mar, year = "1960", CODEN = "PNASA6", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.46.3.293", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960PNAS...46..293S; http://www.pnas.org/content/46/3/293.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1960:SS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "To Stop or Not to Stop", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "16", number = "3", pages = "82--84, 108", month = mar, year = "1960", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 06:34:40 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprinted in \cite{Szilard:1963:TT}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1960:SWSa, editor = "Leo Szilard and Thomas Edward Murray and John B. (John Bruce) Medaris and Edward Teller and Jerome B. (Jerome Bert) Wiesner", title = "Small world: {Szilard, Murray, Medaris, Teller, Wiesner} [Motion picture]", publisher = "Columbia Broadcasting System", address = "????", year = "1960", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "28 minute 16mm film.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Part one of The balance of terror.. CREDITS: Producers, Edward R. Morrow, Fred W. Friendly, Edward M. Jones; cameramen, Leo Rossi, Charles Mack; film editors, Joseph Fackovec, William H. Watt, Jr.. SUMMARY: Leo Szilard discusses with Thomas E. Murray, John Medaris, Edward Teller, and Jerome Wiesner the dangers of the atomic bomb, the present stockpile, and various problems associated with international disarmament. Host, Edward R. Murrow.", subject = "Nuclear disarmament", } @Book{Szilard:1960:SWSb, editor = "Leo Szilard and Hans A. (Hans Albrecht) Bethe and Lewis L. Strauss and Jerome B. (Jerome Bert) Wiesner", title = "Small world: {Szilard, Bethe, Strauss, Wiesner} [Motion picture]", publisher = "Columbia Broadcasting System", address = "????", year = "1960", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "28 minute 16mm film.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Part two of The balance of terror.. Credits: Producers, Edward R. Morrow, Fred W. Friendly, Edward M. Jones; cameramen, Leo Rossi, Charles Mack; film editors, Joseph Fackovec, William H. Watt, Jr. Summary: Leo Szilard discusses with Hans Bethe, Lewis Strauss, and Jerome Wiesner ways and means to disarmament, including the cessation of bomb testing, arms limitations, and weapons testing. Host, Edward R. Murrow.", subject = "Nuclear disarmament", } @Misc{Fermi:1961:ACN, author = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard", title = "Air-cooled Neutronic Reactor", howpublished = "Canadian Patent 620923.", day = "30", month = may, year = "1961", bibdate = "Tue Sep 04 14:50:47 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://brevets-patents.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/620923/summary.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1961:VDO, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The voice of the dolphins, and other stories", publisher = pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER, address = pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr, pages = "122", year = "1961", LCCN = "PZ4.S9986 Vo", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:35:35 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark-1 = "Translated into Danish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish.", remark-2 = "From page 20: ``Why, then, one may ask, did scientists in general, and the President's Science Advisory Committee in particular, fail to advance a solution of this problem [nuclear weapons control] during the Eisenhower administration? The slogan that `scientists should be on tap but not on top,' which gained currency in Washington, may have had something to do with this failure. Of course, scientists could not possibly be on top in Washington, where policy, if it is made at all, is made by those who operate, rather than by those who are engaged in policy planning. But what those who coined this slogan, and those who parroted it, apparently meant was that scientists must not concern themselves with devising and proposing policies; they ought to limit themselves to answering such technical questions as they may be asked. Thus, it may well be that the scientists gave the wrong answers because they were asked the wrong questions.''", subject = "Science fiction, American", } @Misc{Wigner:1961:MLI, author = "Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard and Robert F. Christy and Francis Lee Friedman", title = "Massive Leakage Irradiator", howpublished = "US Patent 2,986,510", pages = "6", day = "30", month = may, year = "1961", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 11:36:39 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Filed May 14, 1946, serial number 669,524.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1962:CD, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The {Council}'s Dilemma", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "18", number = "12", pages = "5--5", month = dec, year = "1962", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:31:59 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1962:VDA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La voce dei delfini e altri racconti. ({Italian}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins and other stories]", publisher = "Feltrinelli", address = "Milano, Italy", pages = "161", year = "1962", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:01:17 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Translated by Carlo Alberto Gastecchi.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Italian", } @Book{Szilard:1962:VDF, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La voix des dauphins. ({French}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins]", publisher = "Deno{\"e}l", address = "Paris, France", pages = "176", year = "1962", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:58:57 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Translated by Philippe Chardeyron.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1962:WRW, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Are We on the Road to War?", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "18", number = "4", pages = "23--30", month = apr, year = "1962", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:52:00 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Franck:1963:RSW, author = "James Franck and Donald J. Hughes and I. I. Nickson and Eugene Rabinowitch and Glenn T. Seaborg and Joyce C. Stearns and Leo Szilard", title = "A Report to the {Secretary of War}", crossref = "Grodzins:1963:AAS", pages = "19--27", year = "1963", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 05:56:24 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprint of \cite{Franck:1946:RSW}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1963:AFS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The {AEC Fellowships}: Shall We Yield or Fight?", crossref = "Grodzins:1963:AAS", pages = "410--413", year = "1963", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 05:56:24 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprint of \cite{Szilard:1949:AFS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1963:HLB, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "How to Live with the Bomb --- and Survive", crossref = "Grodzins:1963:AAS", pages = "217--243", year = "1963", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 05:56:24 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprint of \cite{Szilard:1960:HLB}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1963:PPU, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "A Petition to the {President of the United States}", crossref = "Grodzins:1963:AAS", pages = "28--29", year = "1963", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 05:56:24 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Original version 17 July 1945.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1963:SDU, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{Die Stimme der Delphine: utopische Erz{\"a}hlungen}. ({German}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins: Utopian Narrative]", publisher = "Rowohlt", address = "Reinbek bei Hamburg, Germany", pages = "135", year = "1963", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:16:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", remark = "Translation from English by Horst D{\"o}lvers.", } @InCollection{Szilard:1963:TT, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "To Test or Not to Test", crossref = "Grodzins:1963:AAS", pages = "342--347", year = "1963", bibdate = "Mon Sep 03 05:56:24 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Reprint of \cite{Szilard:1960:SS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1964:DET, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On the Decrease of Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings", journal = "Behavioral Science", volume = "9", number = "4", pages = "301--310", month = "????", year = "1964", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830090402", ISSN = "0005-7940 (print), 1932-300X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0005-7940", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:58:52 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "In memory of Leo Szilard, who passed away on May 30, 1964, we present an English translation of his classical paper {\em {\"U}ber die Entropieverminderung in einem thermodynamischen System bei Eingriffen intelligenter Wesen}, which appeared in the Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik, 1929, 53, 840--856. The publication in this journal of this translation was approved by Dr. Szilard before he died, but he never saw the copy. At Mrs. Szilard's request, Dr. Carl Eckart revised the translation.\par This is one of the earliest, if not the earliest paper, in which the relations of physical entropy to information (in the sense of modem mathematical theory of communication) were rigorously demonstrated and in which Maxwell's famous demon was successfully exorcised: a milestone in the integration of physical and cognitive concepts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1964:DSD, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Delfinernes stemme. ({Danish}) [{Voice} of the dolphins]", publisher = "Steen Hasselbalch", address = "Copenhagen, Denmark", pages = "156", year = "1964", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Aug 30 10:36:46 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Danish translation by Michael Tejn of \cite{Szilard:1961:VDO}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1964:MDV, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "``Minimal Deterrent'' vs. Saturation Parity", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "20", number = "3", pages = "6--12", month = mar, year = "1964", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:56:00 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1964:MR, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "On Memory and Recall", journal = j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA, volume = "51", number = "6", pages = "1092--1099", day = "15", month = jun, year = "1964", CODEN = "PNASA6", ISSN = "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-8424", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:16:52 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/72122; http://www.pnas.org/content/51/6/1092.full.pdf+html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "This is Szilard's last paper, completed just before his death on May 30, 1966 in La Jolla, CA, USA.", } @Article{Szilard:1965:SBS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The ``Sting of the Bee'' in Saturation Parity", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "21", number = "3", pages = "8--13", month = mar, year = "1965", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:53:40 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Szilard:1968:R, author = "Leo Szilard and Kathleen R. Winsor", title = "Reminiscences", journal = "Perspectives in American History", volume = "2", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "1968", ISSN = "0079-0990", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:16:45 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1969:R, author = "Leo Szilard", editor = "Bernard Bailyn and Fleming Donald", booktitle = "The Intellectual Immigration: Europe and America, 1930-1960", title = "Reminiscences", publisher = pub-HARVARD, address = pub-HARVARD:adr, pages = "94--151", year = "1969", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:17:15 2011", bibsource = "http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "This chapter from a book about immigration of intellectuals to America presents physicist Leo Szilard's spoken memoirs. They start with his leaving Germany and end with the use of the atomic bomb against Japan. Descriptions of Szilard's troubles finding a job and financial difficulties are interspersed with his moments of discovery, such as the realization of the requirements for a chain reaction, which reveal the mindset of a theoretical physicist. Szilard's time at the Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory is humorously described while including details of the important work done there. The autobiography shows mundane aspects of Manhattan Project scientists and intellectual immigrants and reveals the social aspect of Szilard's life. Appendices contain important letters written by Szilard, including his petition to the U.S. President to not use the atomic bomb against Japan. Endnotes give informative additional details.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Feld:1972:CWL, editor = "Bernard T. Feld and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "The collected works of {Leo Szilard}", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "xxii + 737", year = "1972--1978", ISBN = "0-262-06039-6", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-06039-4", LCCN = "QC3 .S97", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "With Kathleen R. Winsor. Foreword by Jacques Monod. Introductory essays by Carl Eckart and others.", abstract = "This book presents all of Leo Szilard's scientific and technical papers published between 1925 and 1964, and a selection of his unpublished reports. The papers are topically organized: physics, including thermodynamics, X-ray effects in crystals, and nuclear physics (1925--1939); the Manhattan Project, including declassified papers and some correspondence (1940--1945); biology (1949--1964); and patent applications (1925--1964). The book also has a biography and photographs from different periods of Szilard's life. The introductions to the sections and the foreword were written by Szilard's scientific colleagues. Some of the papers are in German. Although the work does not include Szilard's memorabilia, his general and political works, or his fiction, it is useful to people seeking a detailed view of the brilliant and complex man's scientific life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "English and German", subject = "physics; biology", tableofcontents = "v. 1. Scientific papers. \\ v. 2. Leo Szilard, his version of the facts", } @Article{Szilard:1976:ERT, author = "L. Szilard", title = "On entropy reduction in a thermodynamic system by interference by intelligent subjects", journal = "Zhurnal Physik", volume = "53", pages = "840--856", month = feb, year = "1976", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Translation into English from {\em Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Phys. (West Germany)}, v. 53, 1929 p. 840--856 \cite{Szilard:1929:EET}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976ZhPhy..53..840S", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "entropy, human performance, thermodynamics, enthalpy, kinetic theory, nervous system, numerical analysis", } @Article{Weart:1976:SS, author = "Spencer R. Weart", title = "Scientists with a secret", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "23--30", month = feb, year = "1976", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3023312", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Mon Jul 30 11:44:42 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v29/i2/p23_s1", abstract = "While the Nazi war machine was gearing up, a few physicists realized that a fission chain reaction was feasible --- would they be able to get all groups to agree to hold back publication?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", } @InCollection{Szilard:1978:ABP, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Atomic Bombs and the Postwar Position of the {United States} in the World", crossref = "Weart:1978:LSH", pages = "196--204", year = "1978", bibdate = "Tue Sep 04 14:42:36 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:1978:MPI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Memorandum of possible industrial applications arising on a new branch of physics", crossref = "Weart:1978:LSH", pages = "39--??", year = "1978", bibdate = "Tue Sep 04 14:42:36 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "The memo, written on 28 June 1934, notes ``The production of energy [from artificial radioactivity] and its use for power production would be possible on such a large scale and probably with so little cost that a sort of industrial revolution could be expected.''.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1980:LSH, author = "Leo Szilard and Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence", volume = "1", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, edition = "First paperback printing", pages = "xxii + 244", year = "1980", ISBN = "0-262-69070-5 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-69070-6 (paperback)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:34:35 MDT 2011", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", series = "The Collected works of Leo Szilard", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979lshv.book.....W", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1898--1964", subject = "Szilard, Leo; Colecciones de escritos; F\'isicos; Estados Unidos", subject-dates = "1898--1964", } @Book{Szilard:1981:SDS, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "{Die Stimme der Delphine: Science-fiction-Erz{\"a}hlungen}. ({German}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins: science fiction narrative]", volume = "53", publisher = "Suhrkamp", address = "Frankfurt am Main, Germany", pages = "112", year = "1981", ISBN = "3-518-37203-3", ISBN-13 = "978-3-518-37203-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 17:54:21 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; tolk.hebis.de:210/hebis", series = "Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Book{Szilard:1985:CSC, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La coscienza si chiama {Hiroshima}: dossier sulla bomba atomica. ({Italian}) [{Consciousness} is called {Hiroshima}: file on the atomic bomb]", publisher = "Editori riuniti", address = "Roma, Italy", pages = "x + 278", year = "1985", ISBN = "88-359-2812-5", ISBN-13 = "978-88-359-2812-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:07:04 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Edited by Spencer Weart and Gertrud Wiess Szilard. Preface by Carlo Bernardini.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Szilard:1992:VDO, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "The voice of the dolphins and other stories", publisher = pub-STANFORD, address = pub-STANFORD:adr, edition = "Expanded", pages = "vi + 182", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-8047-1753-2, 0-8047-1754-0", ISBN-13 = "978-0-8047-1753-3, 978-0-8047-1754-0", LCCN = "PS3569.Z5 V65 1992", bibdate = "Mon Nov 7 11:53:39 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", price = "US\$20.00, US\$8.95", series = "Stanford nuclear age series", abstract = "This book by physicist Leo Szilard contains six short stories that caution against the proliferation and use of nuclear weapons. In ``Voice of the Dolphins,'' the Vienna Institute discovers ways of communicating with dolphins, which are found to be of superior intelligence to humans. The dolphins predict American--Soviet conflicts in the nuclear arms race, leading to safeguards and disarmament. Other short stories include ``My Trial as a War Criminal,'' ``The Mark Gable Foundation,'' ``Calling All Stars,'' ``Report on 'Grand Central Terminal,''' and ``The Mined Cities.'' A lengthy introduction by historian Barton J. Bernstein provides an extended biographical sketch of Szilard, especially his involvement in the nuclear program of the United States and his subsequent efforts for peace in the nuclear age.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Essays and short stories by the one who convinced Albert Einstein to write his famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the possibility of building an atomic bomb.", subject = "Science fiction, American", } @Article{Szilard:1998:EKT, author = "Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o}", title = "{\'E}rz{\'e}keny kisebbs{\'e}g a tud{\'o}st{\'a}rsadalomban. ({Hungarian}) [{The} sensitive minority among men of science]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Szilard:1998:LSH, author = "Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o}", title = "Lev{\'e}l {Szt{\'a}linhoz}. ({Hungarian}) [{Letter} to {Stalin}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Book{Szilard:2003:GCT, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Grand central terminal: rapporto da un pianeta estinto. ({Italian}) [{Grand Central Terminal}: report from an extinct planet]", publisher = "Orecchio acerbo", address = "Roma, Italy", pages = "????", year = "2003", ISBN = "88-900693-9-2", ISBN-13 = "978-88-900693-9-0", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:03:15 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Italian", } @Book{Szilard:2004:VDI, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "La voce dei delfini. ({Italian}) [{The} Voice of the Dolphins]", publisher = "L'ancora del mediterraneo", address = "Napoli, Italy", pages = "127", year = "2004", ISBN = "88-8325-145-8", ISBN-13 = "978-88-8325-145-0", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:05:25 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Italian", } @Book{Szilard:2005:DHH, author = "Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o}", title = "A delfinek hangja. ({Hungarian}) [{The} voice of dolphins]", publisher = "Kairosz", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "124", year = "2005", ISBN = "963-9568-95-3", ISBN-13 = "978-963-9568-95-2", LCCN = "PS3569.Z5 V6515 2005", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Szilard:2007:CWA, author = "Leo Szilard", title = "Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system?", crossref = "Masters:2007:OWN", pages = "??--??", year = "2007", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 15:09:14 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Part 2 (of 3) --- publications about Leo Szilard, or his work %%% %%% Entries are sorted by year, and then by citation label, with %%% `bibsort --byyear': @Article{Anderson:1939:PNU, author = "H. L. Anderson and E. Fermi and H. B. Hanstein", title = "Production of Neutrons in Uranium Bombarded by Neutrons", journal = j-PHYS-REV, volume = "55", number = "8", pages = "797--798", day = "15", month = apr, year = "1939", CODEN = "PHRVAO", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.797.2", ISSN = "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-899X", bibdate = "Sat Jun 16 15:06:18 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://publish.aps.org/search; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i8/p797_2", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review", remark = "This paper appeared near entry \cite{Szilard:1939:IEF} in the same journal issue (separated by one unrelated paper). The two papers describe work from the Fermi research group at Columbia University to find out how many neutrons were omitted in the fission of uranium, with the goal of determining whether a sustained nuclear chain reaction was possible.", } @Article{Rabinowitch:1946:BH, author = "Eugene Rabinowitch", title = "Before {Hiroshima}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "1", number = "10", pages = "1--1", day = "1", month = may, year = "1946", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sat Jan 12 16:40:59 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @Article{Anonymous:1955:PIF, author = "Anonymous", title = "Patent is Issued on First Reactor; {Fermi--Szilard} Invention Gets Recognition --- {A. E. C.} Holds Ownership", journal = j-NY-TIMES, pages = "19--19", day = "19", month = may, year = "1955", CODEN = "NYTIAO", ISSN = "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095", ISSN-L = "0362-4331", bibdate = "Wed Mar 06 16:31:53 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "See entry \cite{Fermi:1955:NRa} for the patent.", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/113334584/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "New York Times", } @Book{Compton:1956:AQP, author = "Arthur Holly Compton", title = "Atomic quest, a personal narrative", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xix + 370", year = "1956", LCCN = "QC773.A1 C65", bibdate = "Sat Jun 23 16:50:56 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/slater-john-clarke.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1892--1962", remark-1 = "The author directed the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago under the Manhattan Project. His pseudonym there was A. H. Comas.", remark-2 = "Some counts of mentions of people (mainly scientists) are: Bethe (0), Bohr (14), Born (3), Breit (10), Compton (26), Condon (4), Dirac (0), Einstein (25), Fermi (89), Feynman (0), Franck (28), Groves (95), Heisenberg (8), Oppenheimer (36), Roosevelt (24), Slater (2), Szilard (21), Teller (5), Ulam (0), Wigner (27), von Neumann (0).", subject = "nuclear energy; history; atomic bomb", } @Article{Anker:1960:PBM, author = "H. S. Anker", title = "A Possible Biochemical Mechanism for Memory", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "188", number = "4754", pages = "938--938", month = "????", year = "1960", CODEN = "NATUAS", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:03:51 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Leo Szilard", } @Article{Puck:1960:LSS, author = "Theodore Thomas Puck", title = "{Leo Szilard} and the science of the twentieth century", journal = "Humanist", volume = "4", number = "??", pages = "195--200", month = "????", year = "1960", bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 08:21:35 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, xxnote = "What journal is this?? The name is too common to find easily, and the ones I found began long before 1957.", } @Article{Smith:1960:EDS, author = "Alice Kimball Smith", title = "The Elusive {Dr. Szilard}", journal = j-HARPERS-MAG, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "77--86", month = jul, year = "1960", CODEN = "HAMAA3", ISSN = "1045-7143", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:37:48 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1961:CIL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Close-up: '{I}'m Looking for a Market For Wisdom:' {Leo Szilard}, Scientist", journal = "Life", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "75--79", day = "1", month = sep, year = "1961", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1964:SIB, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Salk Institute for Biological Studies: Dr. Leo Szilard}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "202", number = "4929", pages = "238--239", month = apr, year = "1964", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/202238d0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964Natur.202T.238.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Coffin:1964:LSC, author = "Tristram Coffin", title = "{Leo Szilard}: The Conscience of a Scientist", journal = "Holiday", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "64--67, 92--99", month = feb, year = "1964", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:40:29 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rabinowitch:1964:JFL, author = "Eugene Rabinowitch", title = "{James Franck 1882--1964, Leo Szilard 1898--1964}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "20", number = "10", pages = "16--20", month = oct, year = "1964", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:42:34 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rosenfeld:1964:WLS, author = "Albert Rosenfeld", title = "This was {Leo Szilard}: Remembrance of a Genius", journal = "Life", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "31", day = "12", month = jun, year = "1964", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:41:28 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Shils:1964:LSM, author = "Edward Shils", title = "{Leo Szilard}, a Memoir", journal = "Encounter", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "35--41", month = dec, year = "1964", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:43:30 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.unz.org/Pub/Encounter; http://www.unz.org/Pub/Encounter-1964dec-00035?View=PDF", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The magazine was published from 1953 to 1991; the archives at the Web site are inconveniently available only one page at a time.", } @Article{Mandelbrot:1965:LSU, author = "Beno{\^\i}t Mandelbrot", title = "{Leo Szilard} and unique decipherability", journal = j-IEEE-TRANS-INF-THEORY, volume = "IT-11", number = "3", pages = "455--456", month = "????", year = "1965", CODEN = "IETTAW", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1965.1053782", ISSN = "0018-9448 (print), 1557-9654 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0018-9448", bibdate = "Mon Sep 10 17:44:49 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/mandelbrot-benoit.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory", received = "1 February 1965", } @Book{Smith:1965:PHS, author = "Alice Kimball Smith", title = "A peril and a hope; the scientists' movement in {America}, 1945--47", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "xiv + 591", year = "1965", LCCN = "Q127.U6 S6", bibdate = "Sat Oct 8 08:46:18 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The full (though possibly censored) Franck Report is reprinted in an Appendix.", subject = "Science; United States; Atomic bomb", } @Book{Haberer:1969:PCS, author = "Joseph Haberer", title = "Politics and the Community of Science", publisher = pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD, address = pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr, pages = "vi + 337", year = "1969", LCCN = "Q125 .H23 1969", bibdate = "Thu Sep 6 07:36:42 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Albert Einstein; Edward Teller; Enrico Fermi; Hans Bethe; J. Robert Oppenheimer; Niels Bohr; Werner Heisenberg", subject = "Science and state; Science and civilization", } @Article{Wigner:1969:BML, author = "Eugene P. Wigner", title = "Biographical Memoir: {Leo Szilard} (1898--1964)", journal = "National Academy of Sciences of the United States Biographical Memoirs", volume = "40", pages = "335--347", year = "1969", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 16:25:17 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", URL = "http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/lszilard.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Segre:1970:EFPb, author = "Emilio Segr{\`e}", title = "{Enrico Fermi}: physicist", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "x + 276", year = "1970", ISBN = "0-226-74472-8", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-74472-8", LCCN = "QC16.F46 S4", bibdate = "Sat Jun 23 11:20:59 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Fermi, Enrico", subject-dates = "1901--1954", } @Book{Smith:1970:PHS, author = "Alice Kimball Smith", title = "A peril and a hope; the scientists' movement in {America}, 1945--47", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "xvi + 398", year = "1970", ISBN = "0-262-69026-8", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-69026-3", LCCN = "Q127.U6 S6 1971", bibdate = "Thu Dec 15 06:54:02 MST 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The full (though possibly censored) Franck Report is reprinted on pages 371--383.", subject = "Science; United States; Atomic bomb", } @Book{Esterer:1972:PAA, author = "Arnulf K. Esterer and Louise A. Esterer", title = "Prophet of the atomic age: {Leo Szilard}", publisher = "Julian Messner", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "189", year = "1972", ISBN = "0-671-32522-1 (hardcover), 0-671-32523-X (MCE)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-671-32522-0 (hardcover), 978-0-671-32523-7 (MCE)", LCCN = "QC16.S95 E83", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:08:07 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo", } @Article{Gabor:1973:BRB, author = "Dennis Gabor", title = "Book Review: {\booktitle{The collected works of Leo Szilard}}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "29", number = "7", pages = "51--52", month = sep, year = "1973", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:50:05 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Rotblat:1973:SFL, author = "J. {Rotblat}", title = "The Sixteen Faces of {Leo Szilard}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "242", number = "5392", pages = "67--68", month = mar, year = "1973", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/242067a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973Natur.242...67R", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anderson:1974:AOTa, author = "Herbert L. Anderson", title = "``All in our Time'': The Legacy of {Fermi} and {Szilard}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "30", number = "9", pages = "56--62", month = sep, year = "1974", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Thu Jun 21 11:10:58 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Continued in \cite{Anderson:1974:AOTb}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @Article{Anderson:1974:AOTb, author = "Herbert L. Anderson", title = "``All in our Time'': {Fermi}, {Szilard}, and {Trinity}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "30", number = "10", pages = "40--47", month = oct, year = "1974", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Thu Jun 21 11:15:13 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "See also part 1 \cite{Anderson:1974:AOTa}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @Article{Weinberg:1974:BRB, author = "Alvin M. Weinberg", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Collected Works of Leo Szilard: Scientific Papers}, edited by Bernard T. Feld and Gertrude Weiss Szilard}}", journal = j-AMER-J-PHYSICS, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "261--263", month = mar, year = "1974", CODEN = "AJPIAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1987668", ISSN = "0002-9505", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974AmJPh..42..261F; http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v42/i3/p261_s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Bernstein:1976:ABC, editor = "Barton J. Bernstein", title = "The Atomic Bomb: The Critical Issues", publisher = pub-LITTLE-BROWN, address = pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr, pages = "xix + 169", year = "1976", LCCN = "E183 .A85", bibdate = "Thu Mar 29 18:22:40 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Critical issues in American history series", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "United States; Foreign relations; 1945--1953; Nuclear warfare; Moral and ethical aspects; Atomic bomb; History", tableofcontents = "The official explanation: statement and challenge \\ Stimson, H. L.: The decision to use the atomic bomb \\ We were anxious to get the war over: an interview with James F. Byrnes \\ The interim committee discusses the bomb: minutes of May 31, 1945 \\ Scientists petition the government: the Franck Committee report \\ Grew, J.: The war could have been ended without the bomb \\ Was the bomb necessary? \\ Baldwin, H. W.: The atomic bomb, the penalty of expediency \\ Morison, S. E.: Why Japan surrendered \\ United States Strategic Bombing Survey. Japan's struggle to end the war \\ Why was the bomb used? \\ Feis, H.: The atomic bomb and the end of World War II \\ Alperovitz, G.: Atomic diplomacy \\ Kolko, G.: The politics of war: the war with Japan \\ Bernstein, B. J.: The atomic bomb and American foreign policy: the route to Hiroshima \\ Atomic diplomacy and the moral significance of Hiroshima \\ Ulam, A.: Re-reading the cold war: revising the revisionists \\ Rose, L.: The atomic dilemma and atomic diplomacy \\ Bernstein, B. J.: Atomic diplomacy and the cold war \\ Herken, G. F.: Atomic diplomacy reversed and revised \\ Macdonald, D.: The bomb: the decline to barbarism", } @Book{Herbig:1976:KDA, author = "Jost Herbig", title = "{Kettenreaktion: das Drama der Atomphysiker}. ({German}) [{Nuclear} reaction: the drama of the nuclear physicist]", publisher = "Hanser-Verlag", address = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany", pages = "514 + 8", year = "1976", ISBN = "????", ISBN-13 = "????", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Oct 12 11:54:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", note = "Neumann J{\'a}nos (1903--1957), Teller{ }Ede (1908--2003), Szil{\'a}rd{ }Le{\'o} (1898-1964), Wigner{ }Jen{\H{o}} (1902--1995)", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Article{Feld:1978:DD, author = "Bernard T. Feld", title = "The dilemma of deterrence", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "12--13", month = mar, year = "1978", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:25:29 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "February 11, 1978 was the 80th anniversary of the birth of Leo Szilard, one of the most important spiritual and intellectual leaders of the post-World War II scientists movement that spawned the \emph{Bulletin}. Having been personally responsible, perhaps more than any other individual, for the American achievement of the Atomic Bomb, Leo spent the rest of his life in pursuit of a world order that would guarantee that it would never again be used.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1979:ELSa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Excerpts: {Leo Szilard}: His version of the facts", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "37--40", month = feb, year = "1979", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:52:14 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1979:ELSb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Excerpts: {Leo Szilard}: His version of the facts: {Part II}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "55--59", month = mar, year = "1979", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:52:14 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bullard:1979:SHB, author = "Edward Bullard", title = "{Szilard} and his bomb", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "278", number = "5701", pages = "285--286", month = mar, year = "1979", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/278285a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Book review of \cite{Szilard:1980:LSH}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979Natur.278..285B", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Allibone:1980:DGJ, author = "T. E. Allibone", title = "{Dennis Gabor. 5 June 1900--9 February 1979}", journal = j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC, volume = "26", number = "??", pages = "106--147", month = nov, year = "1980", CODEN = "BMFRA3", ISSN = "0080-4606 (print), 1748-8494 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0080-4606", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 12:01:51 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "This memoir discusses Leo Szilard's unsuccessful attempt to convince his close friend Dennis Gabor (G{\'a}bor D{\'e}nes in Hungarian) to build the electronic microscope that Szilard had invented.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/769781", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", } @Article{Gruber:1983:MPM, author = "Carol S. Gruber", title = "{Manhattan Project} Maverick: The Case of {Leo Szilard}", journal = "Prologue", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "73--87", month = "Summer", year = "1983", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:44:48 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lanouette:1983:DM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Dream Machine", journal = j-ATLANTIC-MONTHLY, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "35--52, 85--86", month = apr, year = "1983", ISSN = "1072-7825 (print), 2151-9463 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1072-7825", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", note = "A 20-page cover story about the history of the nuclear breeder reactor, a power plant designed to make more fuel than it consumes, including Szilard's role both devising and naming the nuclear ``chain reaction'' in 1933 and the ``breeder'' in 1943. Letters and author's replies in June, pages 6-7; July, pages 6 \& 8; and August.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Atlantic Monthly", keywords = "fast breeder reactor", remark-1 = "From page 38: ``According to Alvin Weinberg, a physicist on the Manhattan Project, who later became the director of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Szilard gave the breeder its name. The idea, however, was [Princeton University physicist Louis] Turner's.''", remark-2 = "From page 39: ``A different slow-neutron scheme, which Wigner conceived during the war, improved on the light-water format. Wigner suggested that a coolant other than water would avoid the problem of absorption. Weinberg studied molten salt's potential during the 1950s, and designed a molten-salt-cooled reactor as a precursor to a breeder in 1957.''", remark-3 = "From page 42: ``The fuel in a breeder core is `fundamentally explosive,' Wigner has said; `I don't like the idea of having thousands of pounds of plutonium at one place.'\,''", remark-4 = "From page 52: ``According to Edward Teller, the breeder `was started by famous people who made the atomic bomb. And once you get [an idea like this] started, you cannot stop it. There are vested interests. Not only the vested interests of industry but the vested interests of administrators and politicians who fought for it. And the vested interests of scientists who put their whole lives into it. And they get indignant if you propose an alternative, yet alternatives are there, and we should discuss them.'\,''", remark-5 = "From page 85: ``Bernard Feld, who was Leo Szilard's research assistant on the Manhattan Project and is now a nuclear physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editor in chief of \booktitle{The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists}, has done theoretical work on solar energy. He says, `If, like me, you really feel that fission power is an interim solution to a difficult problem, and that the long-term solution we should be looking for is something involving solar energy, then the breeder looks rather superfluous.'\,''", } @Article{Teller:1983:SHR, author = "Edward Teller", title = "Seven Hours of Reminiscences", journal = j-LOS-ALAMOS-SCIENCE, volume = "7", pages = "190--195", month = "Winter\slash Spring", year = "1983", bibdate = "Sat Jul 07 14:56:31 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib", URL = "http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?07-22.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "This article gives Teller's view of a seven-hour BBC film series about J. Robert Oppenheimer. The article discusses Teller's role in the building of the atomic and hydrogen bombs, and in the discussions about whether to keep the war-time Los Alamos work secret, or publish it. Teller also gives his views of Lewis Strauss, General Leslie Groves, and of Oppenheimer's trustworthiness during the 1953--1954 Atomic Energy Commission hearings on whether or not to revoke Oppenheimer's security clearance. The article also contains reproductions of two letters between Szilard and Teller, one letter redacted and restored (or altered) in three lines, discussing Szilard's July 1954 petition to the US President from atomic scientists opposed to the use of the atomic bomb.", } @Article{Feld:1984:LSS, author = "Bernard Feld", title = "{Leo Szilard}, Scientist for All Seasons", journal = "Social Research", volume = "51", number = "3", pages = "675--690", month = "????", year = "1984", ISSN = "0037-783X", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:52:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Anonymous:1985:BBN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Background Books: Nuclear Power", journal = j-WILSON-Q, volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "132--133", month = "Winter", year = "1985", ISSN = "0363-3276", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40256965", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bess:1985:LSS, author = "Michael Bess", title = "{Leo Szilard}: scientist, activist, visionary", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "41", number = "11", pages = "11--18", month = dec, year = "1985", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 10:44:55 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Boyer:1985:BEL, author = "Paul S. Boyer", title = "By the Bomb's Early Light: {American} Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the {Atomic Age}", publisher = pub-PANTHEON, address = pub-PANTHEON:adr, pages = "xx + 440", year = "1985", ISBN = "0-394-52878-6, 0-394-74767-4", ISBN-13 = "978-0-394-52878-6, 978-0-394-74767-5", LCCN = "E169.12 .B684 1985", bibdate = "Fri Aug 8 14:45:28 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", price = "US\$22.50", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "United States; civilization; 1945--; atomic bomb; moral and ethical aspects", } @Article{Brown:1985:ELP, author = "Harrison Brown", title = "From the {Editors}; Linking past and future", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "41", number = "7", pages = "4--7", month = aug, year = "1985", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 18:13:26 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", keywords = "Albert Einstein; Leo Szilard", remark = "1945--1985 40th anniversary issue.", } @Article{Lanouette:1985:AE, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Atomic Energy, 1945--1985", journal = j-WILSON-Q, volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "90--131", month = "Winter", year = "1985", ISSN = "0363-3276", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "A 43-page history of nuclear power's past and potential, citing Szilard's pivotal role in conceiving the nuclear chain reaction and creating the first nuclear reactor.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40256964", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "The Wilson Quarterly (1976--2012)", remark = "Contains numerous mentions of Leo Szilard.", xxnote = "Check: is JSTOR missing the last two pages?? No, pages 132--133 are \cite{Anonymous:1985:BBN}.", xxpages = "90--133", } @Article{Bernstein:1987:LSG, author = "B. J. Bernstein", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Giving peace a chance in the nuclear age", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "40", number = "9", pages = "40--47", month = sep, year = "1987", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881087", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PhT....40i..40B", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Hawkins:1987:TLW, author = "Helen S. Hawkins and G. Allen Greb and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", title = "Toward a livable world: {Leo Szilard} and the crusade for nuclear arms control", volume = "3", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "lxxiv + 499", year = "1987", ISBN = "0-262-19260-8, 0-262-08162-8", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-19260-6, 978-0-262-08162-7", LCCN = "QC3 .S97 vol. 3", bibdate = "Thu Mar 29 18:56:51 MDT 2007", bibsource = "http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "Collected works of Leo Szilard", abstract = "This book, the third and final volume of the collected works of physicist Leo Szilard, concerns his forceful advocacy of nuclear arms control and world peace. Szilard, who drafted Einstein's famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and participated in the Manhattan Project, also became one of the earliest advocates of nuclear arms control. The book is organized in seven parts starting with Szilard's first public advocacy of arms control in 1947 until his death in 1964. Each section has a general introduction and is followed by documents, such as letters and articles, written by Szilard on arms control issues. One section is devoted to Szilard's contacts with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev; another details his founding of and work on The Council for a Livable World. The book also contains a comprehensive introduction by Barton Bernstein covering Szilard's life between 1945 and 1964. It provides excellent primary source material on an important leader in the arms control and world peace movements.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Szilard was the first scientist to figure out how an atomic bomb could work.", subject = "Nuclear disarmament; History; Nuclear nonproliferation; Szilard, Leo", } @Book{Klein:1987:AOH, author = "Georg Klein", title = "{Ateisten och den heliga staden: m{\"o}ten och tankar}. ({Swedish}) [{The} atheist and the holy city: encounters and reflections]", publisher = "Bonnier", address = "Stockholm, Sweden", pages = "248", year = "1987", ISBN = "91-0-047194-1", ISBN-13 = "978-91-0-047194-1", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:49:11 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS", note = "Includes two chapters on Leo Szilard for the period 1955--1964.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Swedish", subject = "Oncology; philosophy", } @Article{Lanouette:1988:WLH, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{William Lanouette} on his {Leo Szilard} Biography", journal = j-NEW-HUNG-Q, volume = "XXIX", number = "111", pages = "160--170", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", DOI = "", ISSN = "0028-5390", ISSN-L = "0028-5390", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Conversation with Gabor Pallo.", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "The New Hungarian Quarterly", } @PhdThesis{Bess:1989:RAC, author = "Michael Demaree Bess", title = "Rebels against the {Cold War}: Four intellectuals who campaigned to recast world politics, 1945--1985: {Leo Szilard (U.S.A.), E. P. Thompson (England), Louise Weiss (France), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}", type = "{Ph.D.}", school = "University of California, Berkeley", address = "Berkeley, CA, USA", pages = "581", year = "1989", bibdate = "Sat Jan 12 11:17:45 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://search.proquest.com/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/docview/303672720", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Susanna Barrows", classification = "0304: Biographies; 0335: European history; 0582: History", dissertation-thesis-number = "9028743", subject = "European history; History; Biographies", } @Article{Lanouette:1989:BTB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Bumbling toward the bomb", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "45", number = "7", pages = "7--11", month = sep, year = "1989", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:21:40 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "An article about Szilard, Einstein, and other refugee physicists alerting a suspicious U.S. Government about nuclear fission and nuclear weapons. Contains reproduction of August 2, 1939 Einstein\slash Szilard letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Article{Lanouette:1989:PSL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Portr{\'e}v{\'a}zlat {Szilard Leorol}", journal = j-MAGY-TUDOMANY, volume = "??", number = "??", howpublished = "Beszelgetes a keszulo eletrajz amerikai irojaval. Conversation with Gabor Pallo", publisher = "Akademiai Kiado", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "639--648", year = "1989", DOI = "", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Magyar Tudom{\'a}ny [{Hungarian} Science]", journal-URL = "http://www.matud.iif.hu/archive.htm", remark = "No issues online before January 2001 at publisher Web site [in early 2013].", xxpages = "7--8", } @Article{Lanouette:1989:VCL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Varied Career of {Leo Szilard}", journal = "Rockefeller Archive Center Newsletter", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "7--??", month = "Summer", year = "1989", DOI = "", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "An article about Szilard`s many affiliations with the Rockefeller Foundation and University, as revealed in the Rockefeller Archive Center holdings. Items included Szilard's physics research in New York in the 1930s, settling refugee scholars, friendships with Einstein and von Neumann, information theory, microbiology, nuclear power, and arms-control initiatives.", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Article{Berger:1990:SDR, author = "Jorge Berger", title = "{Szilard}'s demon revisited", journal = j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS, volume = "29", number = "9", pages = "985--995", month = sep, year = "1990", CODEN = "IJTPBM", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00673684", ISSN = "0020-7748 (print), 1572-9575 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0020-7748", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990IJTP...29..985B", abstract = "We show that piston fluctuations are of crucial importance in the analysis of a Szilard engine. Some engines which do not require information in order to perform a Szilard cycle actually do not work. We pinpoint the mechanism and stages which require work investment when a measuring instrument is reset.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Klein:1990:AHC, author = "George Klein", title = "The atheist and the holy city: encounters and reflections", publisher = "MIT Press", address = "Cambridge, MA, USA", pages = "xiv + 223", year = "1990", ISBN = "0-262-11041-5, 0-262-11155-1", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-11041-9, 978-0-262-11155-3", LCCN = "RC265 .K5413 1990", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:46:24 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Includes two chapters on Leo Szilard for the period 1955--1964.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Translation of \cite{Klein:1987:AOH}", subject = "Klein, George; Oncologists; Biography; Cancer; Science; Philosophy; Medical Oncology; essays; Philosophy, Medical", subject-dates = "1925--", } @Book{Cairns:1992:POM, editor = "John Cairns and Gunther S. (Gunther Siegmund) Stent and James D. Watson", title = "Phage and the origins of molecular biology", publisher = "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press", address = "Plainview, NY, USA", pages = "x + 366", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-87969-407-6", ISBN-13 = "978-0-87969-407-4", LCCN = "QR342 .P45 1992", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:16:55 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Contains some discussion of Leo Szilard's work in biology.", subject = "Bacteriophages; Molecular biology", } @Article{Goldberg:1992:GTR, author = "Stanley Goldberg", title = "{Groves} takes the Reins", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "48", number = "10", pages = "37--39", month = dec, year = "1992", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:58:06 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "J. Robert Oppenheimer; Leo Szilard; Leslie R. Groves", } @Article{Goldberg:1992:ICO, author = "Stanley Goldberg", title = "Inventing a Climate of Opinion: {Vannevar Bush} and the Decision to Build the Bomb", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "83", number = "3", pages = "429--452", month = sep, year = "1992", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Wed Aug 22 19:25:04 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/slater-john-clarke.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/233904", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", remark-1 = "From pages 449--450: ``Later, when the project was turned over to the army, all costs were buried in the massive yearly appropriation for the Army Corps of Engineers. In this way Vannevar Bush, a man who was most outspoken on the importance of democratic forms to the vitality and robustness of scientific research organizations, was able to fund the entire American effort in building the atomic bomb without congressional advice and consent.'' Even Vice President Harry S Truman was completely unaware of the Manhattan Project until he was briefed on it shortly after he assumed the Presidency after the death of Franklin Roosevelt on 12 April 1945.", remark-2 = "From page 450: ``Those in the U.S. scientific and engineering communities who were privy to the research being sponsored by the Uranium Committee were badly split. Some, Leo Szilard and E. O. Lawrence among them, urged a full-scale program. Others, such as James Conant (initially), W. K. Lewis, John Slater, and Frank Jewett, believed that the technical uncertainties were too great to warrant the launching of an all-out effort.''", remark-3 = "From page 451: ``what [Vannevar] Bush accomplished in the summer and fall of 1941 was to organize and discipline the forces that favored proceeding, suppress and render impotent those who urged caution, manipulate the appearance of consensus among NAS committee appointees that the creation of a fission bomb in the near future was a virtual certainty, and above all else, get the president's commitment to a major production effort in nuclear technology.''", remark-4 = "From page 32--23, about the June 1933 meeting of the American Physical Society in Chicago, John Slater said he was impressed ``was not so much the excellence of the invited speakers as the fact that the younger American workers on the program gave talks of such high quality on research of such importance, that for the first time the European physicists present were here to learn as much as to instruct.''", } @Book{Lanouette:1992:GSB, author = "William Lanouette and Bela A. Silard", title = "Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}: the man behind the bomb", publisher = "C. Scribner's Sons", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xix + 587 + 16", year = "1992", ISBN = "0-684-19011-7", ISBN-13 = "978-0-684-19011-2", LCCN = "QC16.S95 L36 1992", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:08:45 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Jonas Salk.", price = "US\$35.00; CAN\$44.50", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994gsbl.book.....L", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "A Robert Stewart book.", subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography", } @Article{Lanouette:1992:ISP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Ideas by {Szilard}, Physics by {Fermi}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "48", number = "10", pages = "16--23", month = dec, year = "1992", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special edition for the 50th Anniversary of the Chain Reaction (2 December 1942). An article about Leo Szilard's role as co-designer of the world's first nuclear reactor, and his invention of atomic secrecy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @Article{Segre:1985:HPR, author = "Emilio Segr{\`e}", title = "Historical Perspective: Refugee Scientists and Nuclear Energy", journal = j-ANN-NY-ACAD-SCI, volume = "452", number = "1", pages = "xv--xix", year = "1985", CODEN = "ANYAA9", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb29993.x", ISBN = "0-89766-298-9, 0-89766-299-7 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-89766-298-7, 978-0-89766-299-4 (paperback)", ISSN = "0077-8923 (print), 1749-6632 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0077-8923", bibdate = "Wed Mar 6 17:26:04 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", note = "Sixth International Conference on Collective Phenomena: reports from the Moscow Refusnik Seminar / edited by Inga Fischer-Hjalmars and Joel L. Lebowitz. Contributions from the Moscow Refusnik Seminar and from two International Conferences on Collective Phenomena, one held in Stockholm, Sweden, 1--2 December 1983, and the other in Tel Aviv, Israel, 31 May--1 June 1984.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, bookpages = "xix + 411", fjournal = "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences", keywords = "Hans Bethe; Niels Bohr; Max Born; Walther Bothe; James Chadwick; Orso Mario Corbino; Marie Curie; Peter Debye; Paul S. Epstein; Enrico Fermi; James Franck; Otto Robert Frisch; Klaus Fuchs; Hans Geiger; Samuel Goudsmit; General Leslie R. Groves; Fritz Haber; Otto Hahn; Adolf Hitler; K. Lark Horowitz; Fritz G. Houtermans; Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie; George B. Kistiakowsky; Lew Kowarski; A. L. Hughes; Fritz London; Lise Meitner; Benito Mussolini; Lothar W. Nordheim; Wolfgang Pauli; Rudolf Peierls; Francis Perrin; George Placzek; Giulio Racah; Bruno Rossi; Joseph Rotblat; Ernest Rutherford; Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger; Emilio Segr{\`e}; ?. Staub; Otto Stern; Leo Szilard; Edward Teller; Llewellyn H. Thomas; George Uhlenbeck; Victor Weisskopf; Eugene P. Wigner; Fritz Zwicky; Theodore von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n; John von Neumann; Hans von Halben; George von Hevesy", remark = "From the last paragraph: ``My list is not complete but it should suffice to show the contribution of Hitler to the atomic bomb. Of course his most important contribution was the unparalleled motivation he gave to everybody.''", } @Article{Sherwin:1985:RHW, author = "Martin J. Sherwin", title = "Retrospectives: How well they meant", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "41", number = "7", pages = "9--15", month = aug, year = "1985", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Sat Jul 14 18:13:26 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib", abstract = "Scientists propelled to act by fear of a German bomb soon became alarmed at the consequences of their own success.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", keywords = "Arthur H. Compton; J. Robert Oppenheimer; James Conant; James Franck; Leo Szilard; Niels Bohr", remark = "1945--1985 40th anniversary issue.", } @Article{Wigner:1992:SLA, author = "Wigner{ }Jen{\H{o}}", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o} [Angolb{\'o}l] ford. T{\'o}th Eszter}. (Hungarian) [{Leo Szilard [English] rpm. Eszter T{\'o}th}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "42", number = "11", pages = "406--407", month = "????", year = "1992", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Tue Jul 31 07:06:23 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Fizikai Szemle (Budapest)", language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Bernstein:1993:RFH, author = "Jeremy Bernstein", title = "Revelations from {Farm Hall}: Book Review: {{\booktitle{Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb}}, by Thomas Powers}", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "259", number = "5103", pages = "1923--1926", day = "26", month = mar, year = "1993", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5103.1923", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Aug 22 11:50:08 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/259/5103/1923.extract", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science", } @Book{Bess:1993:RUM, author = "Michael Bess", title = "Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist intellectuals and their strategies for peace, 1945--1989: {Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA), E.P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}", publisher = "University of Chicago Press", address = "Chicago, IL, USA", pages = "xxviii + 322", year = "1993", ISBN = "0-226-04420-3 (hardcover), 0-226-04421-1 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-04420-0 (hardcover), 978-0-226-04421-7 (paperback)", LCCN = "JX1962.A2 B47 1993", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:12:42 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/93009707.htm; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0608/93009707-t.htm; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0609/93009707-b.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Dolci, Danilo; Weiss, Louise; Thompson, E. P (Edward Palmer); Intellectual life; History; 20th century; Pacifists; Biography", subject-dates = "1893--1983; 1924--1993", } @Article{Bethe:1993:BRS, author = "Hans Bethe", title = "Book Review: {Szilard} Worked First to Build the Bomb and Then to Oppose it: {William Lanouette and Bela Szilard, \booktitle{Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb}}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "46", number = "9", pages = "63--64", month = sep, year = "1993", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2809040", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Sat Jun 16 15:06:17 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v46/i9/p63_s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906--2005)", fjournal = "Physics Today", remark = "Publisher PDF file via DOI includes only first page.", } @Article{Bush:1993:BRB, author = "Jonathan A. Bush", title = "Book Review Essay: {Nuremberg}: The Modern Law of War and Its Limitations: {{\booktitle{The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials: A Personal Memoir}}, by Telford Taylor. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1992. Pp. xii, 703. \$35.00}", journal = j-COLUMBIA-LAW-REV, volume = "93", number = "8", pages = "2022--2086", month = dec, year = "1993", ISSN = "0010-1958 (print), 1945-2268 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0010-1958", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1123010", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Columbia Law Review", remark = "Contains two mentions of Leo Szilard, and references to \cite{Szilard:1949:MTW,Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", } @Article{Cassidy:1993:ACB, author = "David C. Cassidy", title = "Atomic conspiracies: Book Review: {{\booktitle{Heisenberg's war: the secret history of the German bomb}}, by Thomas Powers, Knopf/Cape: 1993. Pp. 610. \$27.50, \pounds 20}", journal = j-NATURE, volume = "363", number = "6427", pages = "311--312", day = "27", month = may, year = "1993", CODEN = "NATUAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363311a0", ISSN = "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0028-0836", bibdate = "Wed Aug 22 19:19:27 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v363/n6427/pdf/363311a0.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Nature", remark = "The reviewer says of Power's book: ``The author is so superficial in his approach and so prejudiced in his handling of sources as to render his account, although closely argued, quite unconvincing.''", } @Article{Hannigan:1993:BRB, author = "Paul Hannigan", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows by William Lanouette with Bela Silard}}}", journal = j-HARVARD-REV, volume = "261", number = "4", pages = "226--226", month = "Spring", year = "1993", ISSN = "1077-2901", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27559870", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Harvard Review", } @Article{Jasper:1993:BRB, author = "James M. Jasper", title = "Book Review: {AEC} and Critics: {{\booktitle{Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963--1971}}, by J. Samuel Walker}", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "259", number = "5097", pages = "996--997", day = "12", month = feb, year = "1993", CODEN = "SCIEAS", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2880630", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science", remark = "The article contains an amusing inset with an advertisement written by Szilard for his own book: ``if you don't buy it today, you will forget it.''", } @Article{Kramish:1993:PHE, author = "Arnold Kramish", title = "{Powers} on {Heisenberg}: Embellishments on the {Lesart}", journal = j-AM-SCI, volume = "81", number = "??", pages = "479--480", month = "????", year = "1993", CODEN = "AMSCAC", ISSN = "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0003-0996", bibdate = "Thu Aug 23 07:11:21 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Scientist", } @Article{Logan:1993:BMB, author = "Jonothan L. Logan", title = "Bomb maker or bomb breaker?", journal = j-BOSTON-GLOBE, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "B43--B45", day = "7", month = mar, year = "1993", ISSN = "0743-1791", bibdate = "Thu Aug 23 07:20:28 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Review of \cite{Powers:1993:HWS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Boston Globe", } @Article{Lowen:1993:TBB, author = "Rebecca Lowen", title = "Thinking in the bathtub: book review: {\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "49", number = "5", pages = "51--52", month = jun, year = "1993", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 11:33:58 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?issueid=99234&selid=1830983", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Powers:1993:HWS, author = "Thomas Powers", title = "{Heisenberg}'s war: the secret history of the {German} bomb", publisher = pub-KNOPF, address = pub-KNOPF:adr, pages = "xi + 607", year = "1993", ISBN = "0-394-51411-4", ISBN-13 = "978-0-394-51411-6", LCCN = "QC16.H35 P69 1993", bibdate = "Tue Dec 13 14:22:01 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amermathmonthly1990.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", price = "US\$27.50, CAN\$34.50", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "This book may be seriously flawed: see the reviews \cite{Bernstein:1993:RFH,Cassidy:1993:ACB,Kramish:1993:PHE,Logan:1993:BMB,Sweet:1993:UBR}.", subject = "Heisenberg, Werner; Physicists; Political activity; Atomic bomb; Germany; History; World War, 1939--1945; Technology", subject-dates = "1901--1976", } @Article{Schweber:1993:BRB, author = "Silvan Schweber", title = "Book Review: Visionary and Mobilizer: {{\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}}, by William Lanouette with Bela Silard. A Biography of Leo Szilard}", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "261", number = "5127", pages = "1461--1462", day = "10", month = sep, year = "1993", CODEN = "SCIEAS", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2881904", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science", } @Article{Schweber:1993:VMB, author = "S. Schweber", title = "Visionary and Mobilizer. (Book Reviews: {{\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}. A Biography of Leo Szilard}})", journal = j-SCIENCE, volume = "261", number = "5127", pages = "1461--1462", month = sep, year = "1993", CODEN = "SCIEAS", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.261.5127.1461", ISSN = "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "See \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Sci...261.1461L", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Sweet:1993:UBR, author = "William Sweet", title = "Uncertainties: Book Reviews: {{\booktitle{Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb}}, by Thomas Powers, and \booktitle{Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg}, by David C. Cassidy}", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "49", number = "7", pages = "50--52", month = sep, year = "1993", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Wed Aug 22 12:03:10 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", } @Article{Badash:1994:BRB, author = "Lawrence Badash", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man behind the Bomb}}, by William Lanouette and Bela Silard}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "85", number = "1", pages = "172--173", month = mar, year = "1994", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:23:20 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/235948", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", } @PhdThesis{Grandy:1994:LSS, author = "David Grandy", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Science as a mode of being", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "Indiana University", address = "Bloomington, IN, USA", pages = "312", year = "1994", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:58:46 2011", bibsource = "http://search.proquest.com/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/docview/304128624", abstract = "Leo Szilard has received scant attention from historians of science, notwithstanding his contributions to physics and biology. This neglect is particularly surprising in light of the fact that Szilard was an influential and deeply interesting figure quite apart from his scientific accomplishment. As the title of the study indicates, he did not just do science, but lived it as well. We could almost think of him as an incarnation or living instantiation of scientific values and principles were it not for the fact that such values and principles are wholly human in the first place. But this brings us to the crux of the issue: Szilard privileged science with transcendent significance. A true believer in science and its potential to save the world, he drank the cup of science to its dregs. For anyone interested in the way science has both strained and given relief to the human predicament in the twentieth century, Szilard's life is instructive.\par This study assumes that science and society are not disjoint and argues that Szilard's science was driven as much by passion and paradox as it was by cool, analytic thinking. Much of the paradox stemmed from contradictions with science itself. For example, while thermodynamics predicted universal heat death, evolutionary biology pointed toward the possibility of humankind's unlimited ascent within the cosmos. These contradictory outlooks appear to be the positive and negative poles of much of Szilard's science. As one who was very much alive to the uncertainties, paradoxes, and fantasies of science, Szilard merits our interest.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Linda Wessels", classification = "0304: Biographies; 0585: Science history", dissertation-thesis-number = "9500430", subject = "Science history; Biographies", } @Article{Hewlett:1994:BRB, author = "Richard G. Hewlett", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard --- The Man behind the Bomb}} by William Lanouette; \booktitle{The Rickover Effect: How One Man Made a Difference} by Theodore Rockwell}", journal = j-TECH-CULTURE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "442--444", month = apr, year = "1994", ISSN = "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0040-165X", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3106333", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Technology and Culture", } @Article{Hewlett:1994:BRW, author = "Richard G. Hewlett", title = "Book Review: {William Lanouette, \booktitle{Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard -- the Man behind the Bomb}}", journal = j-TECH-CULTURE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "442--??", month = "????", year = "1994", ISSN = "0040-165X (print), 1097-3729 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0040-165X", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 09:00:58 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Lanouette:1994:GSB, author = "William Lanouette and Bela A. Silard", title = "Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}: the man behind the bomb", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "xix + 587", year = "1994", ISBN = "0-226-46888-7 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-46888-4 (paperback)", LCCN = "QC16.S95 L36 1994", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 18:04:05 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Jonas Salk.", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi053/94012738.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Originally published in \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}", subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography", } @Article{Launius:1994:BRB, author = "Roger D. Launius", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Sputnik Challenge: Eisenhower's Response to the Soviet Satellite}} by Robert A. Divine}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "85", number = "1", pages = "173--174", month = mar, year = "1994", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/235949", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", remark = "This article is not about Szilard, but contains at the top of the page (from the preceding article \cite{Badash:1994:BRB}) a photograph of Aaron Novick and Leo Szilard in their biological laboratory.", } @Article{Leskov:1994:SFU, author = "Sergei Leskov", title = "The {Sudoplatov} File: An Unreliable Witness", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "50", number = "4", pages = "33--36", month = jul # "\slash " # aug, year = "1994", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 13:54:11 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "A retired member of the KGB claims that the great scientists --- Oppenheimer, Fermi, Szilard, and Bohr were spies for the Soviet Union. How his story stacks up, here and in Russia.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keyword = "J. Robert Oppenheimer; Enrico Fermi; Leo Szilard; Niels Bohr", } @Article{Lewis:1994:BRG, author = "H. W. Lewis", title = "Book Review: A Genius among Many: {{\booktitle{Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard: The Man Behind the Bomb}}}", journal = j-AM-SCI, volume = "82", number = "1", pages = "70--71", month = jan # "\slash " # feb, year = "1994", CODEN = "AMSCAC", ISSN = "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0003-0996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/29775104", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Scientist", } @Book{Marx:1994:VMQ, author = "George Marx", title = "The voice of the {Martians}: the quest for nuclear chain reaction: a Hungarian version: (50 years after)", publisher = "Roland E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "213 + 16", year = "1994", ISBN = "963-8051-62-0 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-963-8051-62-2 (paperback)", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:52:07 MDT 2011", bibsource = "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "nuclear energy; history; nuclear physicists; biography; nuclear reactions", } @Article{McMillan:1994:SFF, author = "Priscilla Johnson McMillan", title = "The {Sudoplatov} File: Flimsy Memories", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "50", number = "4", pages = "30--33", month = jul # "\slash " # aug, year = "1994", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 13:54:11 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", abstract = "A retired member of the KGB claims that the great scientists --- Oppenheimer, Fermi, Szilard, and Bohr were spies for the Soviet Union. How his story stacks up, here and in Russia.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keyword = "J. Robert Oppenheimer; Enrico Fermi; Leo Szilard; Niels Bohr", } @PhdThesis{Sheffield:1994:TSL, author = "Roy Scott Sheffield", title = "The tragic science of {Leo Szilard}", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "University of Florida", address = "Gainesville, FL, USA", pages = "281", year = "1994", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 12:23:20 2011", bibsource = "http://search.proquest.com/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/docview/304092770; http://www.archive.org/details/tragicscienceofl00shef", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Frederick Gregory", classification = "0335: European history; 0582: History; 0585: Science history", dissertation-thesis-number = "9606719", subject = "Science history; European history; History", } @Article{Anonymous:1995:BBF, author = "Anonymous", title = "Background Books: The Future That Never Came", journal = j-WILSON-Q, volume = "19", number = "2", pages = "67--67", month = "????", year = "1995", ISSN = "0363-3276", ISSN-L = "0363-3276", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40258978", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "The Wilson Quarterly (1976--2012)", remark = "This short article mentions numerous books on the creation and use of nuclear weapons, with brief commentary. Includes reference to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", } @Article{Lanouette:1995:WWD, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Why We Dropped the Bomb", journal = "Civilization (The Magazine of the {Library of Congress})", volume = "2", number = "1", pages = "28--38", month = jan # "\slash " # feb, year = "1995", CODEN = "????", DOI = "", ISSN = "1077-9795", ISSN-L = "1077-9795", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "An article about how and why the United States decided to use atomic bombs against Japan, including the conflict between Leo Szilard (con) and Presidential advisor James F. Byrnes (pro). Reprinted in \cite{Lanouette:1996:WWD}", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Article{Price:1995:RDC, author = "Matt Price", title = "Roots of Dissent: The {Chicago Met Lab} and the Origins of the {Franck Report}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "86", number = "2", pages = "222--244", month = jun, year = "1995", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/236323", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", remark-1 = "Numerous mentions of Leo Szilard, especially about his critical role at the Chicago `Met Lab', and references to \cite{Szilard:1980:LSH,Hawkins:1987:TLW,Lanouette:1992:GSB}", remark-2 = "From page 239: `In early May 1945 Szilard tried to speak with President Roosevelt about `atomic bombs and the postwar position of the United States in the world.' He had hoped to sidestep the chain of command by persuading Eleanor Roosevelt to intervene for him; unfortunately, the president died before Szilard could meet with either of the Roosevelts. His subsequent attempts to speak to Truman were diverted, and he ended up in a disastrous interview with James Byrnes, soon to be secretary of state; the elaborate text he had prepared was never used`''.", remark-3 = "From page 240: ``The Franck Committee met for the first time on 4 June [1945], and by 11 June [1945] a final draft was written, mainly by Eugene Rabinowitch.''", } @Article{Seed:1995:LSC, author = "David Seed", title = "{Leo Szilard} and the Cause of Rational Disarmament", journal = "Nuclear Texts and Contexts", volume = "11", number = "??", pages = "15--26", month = "????", year = "1995", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "????", ISSN-L = "????", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 08:44:19 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Cited in \cite{Seed:2003:HGW}. I can only find this journal in two library catalogs, and there seems to be no CODEN or ISSN data.", } @Book{Sudoplatov:1995:STM, author = "Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatolii Pavlovich Sudoplatov and Jerrold L. Schecter and Leona Schecter", title = "Special tasks: the memoirs of an unwanted witness, a {Soviet} spymaster", publisher = pub-LITTLE-BROWN, address = pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr, edition = "Updated", pages = "xxxi + 527", year = "1995", ISBN = "0-316-82115-2", ISBN-13 = "978-0-316-82115-5", LCCN = "JN6529.I6 S83 1995", bibdate = "Wed Jan 25 19:08:05 MST 2006", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1907--1996", remark = "Among other topics, this book covers the spying on the Manhattan Project, by, and seen from, the Soviet side.", subject = "Sudoplatov, Pavel; intelligence officers; Soviet Union; biography; spies; espionage, Soviet; history", subject-dates = "1907--1996", } @Article{Alperovitz:1996:TCW, author = "Gar Alperovitz and Kai Bird", title = "A Theory of {Cold War} Dynamics: {U.S.} Policy, {Germany}, and the Bomb", journal = j-HIST-TEACH, volume = "29", number = "3", pages = "281--300", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "0018-2745 (print), 1945-2292 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0018-2745", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", note = "Brief mention of Szilard's 1929 patent on the cyclotron, and the 1939 Szilard--Einstein letter to President F. D. Roosevelt, with reference to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/494546", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "The History Teacher", } @Article{Aronowitz:1996:PSW, author = "Stanley Aronowitz", title = "The Politics of the Science Wars", journal = j-SOC-TEXT, volume = "62", number = "46/47", pages = "177--197", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1996", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "0164-2472 (print), 1527-1951 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0164-2472", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/466853", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Social Text", remark = "Brief mention of the opposition by Albert Einstein, Leo Szilard, Phillip Morrison, and others to nuclear weapons research, with a reference to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", } @Book{Grandy:1996:LSS, author = "David Grandy", title = "{Leo Szilard}: science as a mode of being", publisher = "University Press of America", address = "Lanham, MD, USA", pages = "xiii + 189", year = "1996", ISBN = "0-7618-0308-4 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-7618-0308-9 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC16.S95 G73 1996", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 08:54:51 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Based on the author's doctoral dissertation \cite{Grandy:1994:LSS}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography", } @Article{Groetsch:1996:TIP, author = "C. W. Groetsch", title = "{Tartaglia}'s Inverse Problem in a Resistive Medium", journal = j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY, volume = "103", number = "7", pages = "546--551", month = aug # "\slash " # sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "AMMYAE", ISSN = "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0002-9890", MRclass = "70D05", MRnumber = "97d:70007", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amermathmonthly1990.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2974665", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "American Mathematical Monthly", remark = "This article is about Nicol{\`o} Tartaglia's work on gunnery trajectories and his moral struggle about research in warfare. The author draws a parallel between those qualms and those of Leo Szilard \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB} and Werner Heisenberg \cite{Powers:1993:HWS}.", } @Article{Hafemeister:1996:SLS, author = "D. Hafemeister", title = "{Szilard Lecture}: In Search of an Improved Science and Public-Policy Process", journal = "APS Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "401--??", month = may, year = "1996", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:06:57 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint Meeting, May 2-5, 1996, abstract \#G4.01.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996APS..MAY..G401H", abstract = "In my view, Science is one of the main driving forces of history. The process in which debate and decisions on the public policy of science take place is flawed and in deep trouble. The first half of the talk will focus on events that I have participated in over the past twenty years in which the process stumbled ahead while the truth was often obscured for various other reasons. Physics will be applied in examples on: plutonium/breeder, counterforce arms qualities and levels, nuclear testing, ELF/EMF and SDI. The second half of the talk will be devoted to suggestions on methods to improve and enhance the processes by which these decisions are made.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Lanouette:1996:NJP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "A Note on the {July 17th Petition}", crossref = "Bird:1996:HSW", pages = "557--560", year = "1996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:28:58 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "A book chapter about Leo Szilard's petition to President Truman by Manhattan Project scientists to prevent the atomic bombing of Japan in 1945.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @InCollection{Lanouette:1996:TAS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Three Attempts to Stop the Bomb", crossref = "Bird:1996:HSW", pages = "99--118", year = "1996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:28:58 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "A book chapter about Leo Szilard's efforts to prevent the atomic bombing of Japan in 1945.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @InCollection{Lanouette:1996:WWD, author = "William Lanouette", editor = "????", booktitle = "Annual Editions: World History", title = "Why We Dropped the Bomb", volume = "II", publisher = "Brown \& Benchmark", address = "Guilford, CT, USA", pages = "159--165", year = "1996", ISBN = "????", ISBN-13 = "????", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:52:01 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Magnasco:1996:SHE, author = "M. O. Magnasco", title = "{Szilard}'s heat engine", journal = j-EUROPHYS-LETT, volume = "33", number = "8", pages = "583--588", month = mar, year = "1996", CODEN = "EULEEJ", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1996-00382-3", ISSN = "0295-5075 (print), 1286-4854 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0295-5075", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:07:01 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996EL.....33..583M", abstract = "Szilard presented the first concrete embodyment of a Maxwell demon. We present a detailed kinematic analysis of his heat engine. We find that the phase space contains a branched manifold. After defining carefully the physical dynamics on such an object, we prove that the engine must operate at a loss.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Marx:1996:MMG, author = "George Marx", title = "The myth of the {Martians} and the golden age of {Hungarian} science", journal = "Science \& Education", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "225--234", month = jul, year = "1996", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414313", ISSN = "1573-1901", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Sc%26Ed...5..225M", abstract = "Enrico Fermi was a man with outstanding talents, he had many interests outside his own particular field. He was credited with asking famous questions. There are long preambles to Fermi's questions like this: --- `The universe is vast, containing myriads of stars, many of them not unlike our Sun. Many of these stars are likely to have planets circling around them. A fair fraction of these planets will have liquid water on their surface and a gaseous atmosphere. The energy pouring down from a star will cause the synthesis of organic compounds, turning the ocean into a thin, warm soup. These chemicals will join each other to produce a self-reproducing system. The simplest living things will multiply, and evolve by natural selection and become more complicated. And eventually active, thinking creatures will emerge. Civilization, science and technology will follow. Then, yearning for fresh worlds, they will travel to neighboring planets, and later to planets of nearby stars. Eventually they should spread out all over the Galaxy. These highly exceptional and talented people could hardly overlook such a beautiful place as our Earth'. And so Fermi came to his overwhelming question, --- `If all this has been happening, they should have arrived here by now, so where are they?' It was Leo Szilard, a man with an impish sense of humor who supplied the perfect reply to Fermi's rhetoric: `They are among us', he said, `but they call themselves Hungarians'.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{vonBorstel:1996:MAA, author = "R. C. von Borstel and J. W. Drake and L. H. Loeb", title = "Mechanisms of antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis", journal = j-MUTAT-RES, volume = "350", number = "1", pages = "294", year = "1996", CODEN = "MUREAV", ISSN = "0027-5107 (print), 1873-135X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0027-5107", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:25:09 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue: mechanisms of antimutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Dedicated to Aaron Novik and the memory of Leo Szilard (1898--1964), the discoverers of antimutagenesis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Wigner:1996:LS, author = "E. P. Wigner", title = "{Leo Szilard (1898--1964)}", crossref = "Wigner:1996:CWE", pages = "139--149", year = "1996", bibdate = "Sat Jul 28 11:44:23 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Dannen:1997:ESR, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "The {Einstein--Szilard} Refrigerators", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "276", number = "1", pages = "90--95", month = jan, year = "1997", CODEN = "SCAMAC", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0197-90", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Sat Sep 8 09:04:27 MDT 2012", bibsource = "Compendex database; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.sciam.com/1997/0107issue/0107quicksummary.html", URL = "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v276/n1/pdf/scientificamerican0197-90.pdf; http://www.sciam.com/0197issue/0197currentissue.html", abstract = "Strange but true: Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard, two of this century's greatest theoretical physicists, were also inventors. During the 1920s, they collaborated on designs for home refrigerators based on novel principles. Recently recovered documents explain what happened to these devices.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Sci. Amer.", classification = "641.1; 644.1; 644.2; 644.3; 803; 901.3", fjournal = "Scientific American", journalabr = "Sci Am", keywords = "Albert Einstein; Ammonia; Compressors; Electromagnetic pumps; Engineering research; Home refrigerator; Inventor; Leo Szilard; Liquid metals; Machine design; Patents and inventions; Physicist; Physics; Potassium alloys; Potassium sodium alloys; Refrigerants; Refrigeration; Refrigerators; Thermodynamics", remark = "Dannen writes: ``To the best of my knowledge, \ldots{}, none of the Einstein--Szilard designs ever reached consumers.'' Available in Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Polish, and Spanish editions of this magazine.", } @Article{Dannen:1997:SRD, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "Story of refrigerator designed by {Einstein} and {Szilard} gets iced", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "50", number = "12", pages = "102--102", month = dec, year = "1997", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881619", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PhT....50l.102D", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "The author comments: ``To the best of my knowledge, \ldots{}, none of the Einstein--Szilard designs ever reached consumers.''", } @Article{Lanouette:1997:SLF, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Szilard Leo}: Fizikus es Bekecsinalo. (Hungarian) [{Leo Szilard}: Physicist and Peacemaker]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "??", number = "3", pages = "96.0--??", year = "1997", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Hungarian translation of \cite{Lanouette:1996:LSP}.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9703/lanoue.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Fizikai Szemle (Budapest)", } @Article{Neff:1997:LSA, author = "T. Neff", title = "{Leo Szilard Award Lecture}: Unwinding the Cold War", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "702--??", month = apr, year = "1997", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint Meeting, April 18--21, 1997, abstract \#G7.02.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997APS..APR..G702N", abstract = "Two generations of scientists in the US and the Soviet Union spent their lives in the shadow of the cold war, building the scientific and technical infrastructure and shaping the institutional and policy structures that maintained a stable ``balance of terror.'' The cold war is now over, but the lethal products of it, and the decaying institutions and policies that perpetuated it, are probably more dangerous than ever. At the same time, the loss of cold war imperatives means fewer government resources and less policy attention to the problems of reversing the cold war. Moreover, solving these problems will require that the forces and talents of economics and business be integrated with the technical skill and imagination of physical scientists. Science fundamentally involves skills of problem definition and problem-solving. Both American and Russian scientists and engineers must expand their tool kits and the scope of their imaginations if they are to undo the dangerous legacy of the cold war and find productive new roles in a post-cold war world. This address is intended to illustrate how this can be done, using the past five years' experience in developing and implementing the agreement between the U.S. and Russia to motivate, finance, and institutionalize the destruction of approximately 20,000 Russian nuclear weapons through the commercially-driven recovery and destruction of 500 tonnes of highly enriched uranium from those weapons. Such approaches can have benefits much broader than the destruction of weapons, if we can recognize the opportunities and pursue them wisely. Unfortunately, there is a basic lack of imagination and will, one that is further frustrated by bureaucratic inertia and the parochial interests of cold war institutions. The irony is that Russia is more ready to change than the US, but it is the US that is, in principle but perhaps not in practice, most able to help lead the world out of the cold war era.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Osborn:1997:RCR, author = "June Osborn", title = "Report from the Conference Rapporteur", journal = "Health and Human Rights", volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "105--111", month = "????", year = "1997", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4065161", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Brief mention on pages 110--110 of Leo Szilard's ten commandments, and the book \booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}.", } @Book{Shils:1997:PGI, author = "Edward Shils and Joseph Epstein", title = "Portraits: a gallery of intellectuals", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "255", year = "1997", ISBN = "0-226-75336-0 (hardcover), 0-226-75337-9 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-75336-2 (hardcover), 978-0-226-75337-9 (paperback)", LCCN = "CT3990.A2 S55 1997", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 10:05:26 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi051/96033162.htm; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/uchi051/96033162.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, author-dates = "1910--1995", keywords = "Leo Szilard; Robert Maynard Hutchins; Leopold Labedz'; Nirad Chaudhuri; Harold Laski; John Nef", subject = "intellectuals; United States; biography; scholars; intellectual life; 20th Century", } @Book{Walker:1997:PUD, author = "J. Samuel Walker", title = "Prompt and utter destruction: {Truman} and the use of atomic bombs against {Japan}", publisher = pub-U-NC, address = pub-U-NC:adr, pages = "xiii + 142", year = "1997", ISBN = "0-8078-2361-9 (hardcover), 0-8078-4662-7 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-8078-2361-3 (hardcover), 978-0-8078-4662-9 (paperback)", LCCN = "D767.25.H6 W355 1997", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 09:28:10 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0b3w6-aa; http://www.jstor.org/stable/1408325; http://www.jstor.org/stable/25054041; http://www.jstor.org/stable/27551824; http://www.jstor.org/stable/3642279", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "William Lanouette, author of the Leo Szilard biography, \booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}, says of this book: ``The clearest, fairest,and most comprehensive account of a difficult and historically critical event. \ldots{} I only wish this book had been available before the 1995 debates about the `Enola Gay' exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution, for it would have destroyed the posturing on both extremes.'' [from the back cover of \booktitle{The Review of Politics} {\bf 59}(4) 1997, the back cover of \booktitle{Pacific Historical Review} {\bf 66}(4) 1997, the front matter of \booktitle{Presidential Studies Quarterly} {\bf 27}(4) 1997.], and the back matter of \booktitle{World Politics} {\bf 50}(2) 1998.", subject = "World War, 1939-1945; United States; Japan; Atomic bomb; Foreign relations; 1945--1953; Truman, Harry S.", subject-dates = "1884--1972", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:OSL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Orsz{\'a}gos {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} Fizikaverseny. ({Hungarian}) [{The Leo Szilard Memorial Competition}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:PCL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Prescience and Conscience: {Le{\'o} Szil{\'a}rd} (1898--1964)", journal = j-EUROPHYS-NEWS, volume = "29", number = "3", pages = "92--93", month = "????", year = "1998", CODEN = "EUPNAS", ISSN = "0531-7479 (print), 1432-1092 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0531-7479", bibdate = "Mon Sep 19 08:55:28 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.europhysicsnews.org/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Anonymous:1998:RLS, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Register of {Leo Szilard} Papers 1898--1998", howpublished = "Mandeville Special Collections Library Geisel Library University of California, San Diego", year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/testing/html/mss0032a.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Baksay:1998:SLD, author = "Baksay{ }L{\'a}szl{\'o}", title = "A {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} d{\'\i}j ({Hungarian}) [{The Leo Szilard Award}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Browne:1998:SNO, author = "John C. Browne and Mezei{ }Ferenc", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} nukle{\'a}ris {\"o}r{\"o}ks{\'e}ge {\'e}s a j{\"o}v{\H{o}}. ({Hungarian}) [{The} future of {Szil{\'a}rd}'s legacy]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Csikai:1998:SLE, author = "Csikai{ }Gyula", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} {\'e}letm{\H{u}}ve {\'e}s hat{\'a}sa. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s life work and its impact on physics]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Csoori:1998:SLE, author = "Cso{\'o}ri{ }S{\'a}ndor", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} eml{\'e}kt{\'a}bl{\'a}j{\'a}nak felavat{\'a}sa. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard} at home again]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/csoori.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Csoori::1998:SLE, author = "Cso{\'o}ri{ }S{\'a}ndor", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} eml{\'e}kt{\'a}bl{\'a}j{\'a}nak felavat{\'a}sa. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szil{\'a}rd} at home again]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Czeizel:1998:SLC, author = "Czeizel{ }Endre", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} csal{\'a}df{\'a}ja. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s family tree]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Misc{Dannen:1998:LSI, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "{Leo Szilard} the Inventor: a Slideshow", howpublished = "A talk delivered at the Leo Szilard Centenary E{\"o}tv{\"o}s University, Budapest, Hungary.", day = "9", month = feb, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Published [with many typographical errors] in \cite{Marx:1998:LSC}.", URL = "http://www.dannen.com/budatalk.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @PhdThesis{Delano:1998:DAE, author = "Andrew Douglas Delano", title = "Design analysis of the {Einstein} refrigeration cycle", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "Georgia Institute of Technology", address = "Atlanta, GA, USA", pages = "171", year = "1998", ISBN = "0-599-10835-5", ISBN-13 = "978-0-599-10835-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Sat Jan 12 11:44:35 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://search.proquest.com/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/docview/304432717", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Sam V. Shelton", classification = "0548: Mechanical engineering; 0585: Science history", dissertation-thesis-number = "9912523", keywords = "Einstein--Szilard refrigerator; US Patent 1,781,541 (single pressure absorption refrigerator.", subject = "Mechanical engineering; Science history", } @Article{Earman:1998:EXW, author = "John Earman and John D. Norton", title = "Exorcist {XIV}: The Wrath of {Maxwell's Demon}. {Part I}. From {Maxwell} to {Szilard}", journal = j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-MOD-PHYS, volume = "29", number = "4", pages = "435--471", month = dec, year = "1998", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1355-2198(98)00023-9", ISSN = "1355-2198 (print), 1879-2502 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1355-2198", bibdate = "Wed Nov 2 10:28:27 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-b.bib; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13552198", URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219898000239", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics", } @Article{Erdi-Krausz:1998:UCM, author = "{\'E}rdi-Krausz{ }G{\'a}bor", title = "Az utols{\'o} csille\ldots{} --- a magyarorsz{\'a}gi ur{\'a}nb{\'a}ny{\'a}szat t{\"o}rt{\'e}nete. ({Hungarian}) [{The} last miner's truck --- the history of uranium mining in {Hungary}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Gerjuoy:1998:LST, author = "E. Gerjuoy", title = "{Leo Szilard}. Toward {A} Livable World", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "405--??", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint April Meeting, April 18-21, 1998 Columbus, Ohio, abstract \#D4.05.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998APS..APR..D405G", abstract = "For essentially his entire adult life Leo Szilard sought to increase the likelihood that the results of basic scientific research, which especially since World War II have so greatly increased humanity's ability to manipulate the natural world, would be used for humanity's benefit. This talk will review and assess Szilard's endeavors in this quest, to which he so unwaveringly devoted his energies and talents. I also will reflect on the significance of that quest for this audience of scientists who, thirty four years after Szilard's death, have assembled today to honor him.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Geszti:1998:SID, author = "Geszti Tam{\'a}s", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} {\'e}s az inform{\'a}ci{\'o} d{\'e}mona. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} and the demon of information]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Gyorgy:1998:TSL, author = "Klein{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "Tal{\'a}lkoz{\'a}sok {Szil{\'a}rd} Le{\'o}val. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} plays chess with death]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Herschbach:1998:SDH, author = "Dudley Herschbach", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} {\'e}s delfinjei. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} and his dolphin]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Klara:1998:SCJ, author = "Berei{ }Kl{\'a}ra", title = "A {Szil{\'a}rd--Chalmers}-jelens{\'e}g {\'e}s a forr{\'o}atom-k{\'e}mia. ({Hungarian}) [{Szil{\'a}rd--Chalmers} effect and hot atom chemistry]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Konuma:1998:TSL, author = "Michiji Konuma", title = "Tisztelet {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}nak}. ({Hungarian}) [{Honoring Leo Szilard}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Kubbig:1998:KIK, author = "Bernd W. Kubbig", title = "{Kommunikatoren im Kalten Krieg: Die Pugwash-Konferenzen, die Amerikanisch-Sowjetische Studiengruppe zur R{\"u}stungskontrolle und die Grundlegung des ABM-Vertrages}. ({German}) [{Communicators} in the {Cold War}: The {Pugwash Conferences}, the {Soviet--American Study Group on Arms Control} and the foundation of the {ABM Treaty}]", journal = "Amerikastudien / American Studies", volume = "43", number = "2", pages = "197--228", month = "????", year = "1998", ISSN = "0340-2827", ISSN-L = "0340-2827", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41157367", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", remark = "Brief mentions of Leo Szilard, and references to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB,Szilard:1992:VDO}", } @Article{Lanouette:1998:LSCc, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}: A Comic and Cosmic Wit", journal = j-EUROPHYS-NEWS, pages = "92--93, 123", month = may # "\slash " # jun, year = "1998", CODEN = "EUPNAS", ISSN = "0531-7479 (print), 1432-1092 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0531-7479", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Europhysics News", } @Article{Lanouette:1998:SLK, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} --- Komikus {\'e}s kozmikus tr{\'e}famester. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szil{\'a}rd} --- a comic and cosmic wit]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Magyar:1998:EHH, author = "Magyar{ }B{\'a}lint", title = "{Erasmus Hazat{\'e}r}. ({Hungarian}) [{Erasmus} returns home]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Marx:1998:BLR, author = "George Marx", title = "{Beller Lecture}: {The} Roots of {Leo Szilard} and his Interdisciplinarity", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "404--??", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint April Meeting, April 18-21, 1998 Columbus, Ohio, abstract \#D4.04", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998APS..APR..D404M", abstract = "A Central European among the whites was said about Leo Szilard who originated from a polycultural family. In the early 20th century he grew up in Hungary, at the crossroads of history, where political regimes, national borders, ideological doctrines, ``final truths'' changed in a dizzying cavalcade. Instead of conservative dogmatism this social environment required critical thinking in order to survive. World War I was the school of Theodore von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n, John von Neumann, Eugene P. Wigner and Leo Szilard; each of them learned trespassing political and disciplinary boundaries without inhibition. Their sensitivity for trends had been utilized by the United States when war efforts and high tech required orientation under new horizons. Szilard's interest ranged from statistical physics through information theory to biological evolution, from life phenomena through hot atoms to nuclear strategy. His intellectual adventures might look crazy jumps for specialists. But now, looking back to the political and technological history of the 20th century one can see than it was a consequent progress of a future-sensitive mind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Marx:1998:GHI, author = "Marx{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "{Gaia}, a haland{\'o} istenn{\H{o}}. ({Hungarian}) [{Gaia}, the mortal goddess]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Marx:1998:SLH, author = "Marx{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} hazat{\'e}rt. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard} returned home]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Naray-Szabo:1998:TTF, author = "N{\'a}ray-Szab{\'o}{ }G{\'a}bor", title = "A tud{\'o}s t{\'a}rsadalmi felel{\H{o}}ss{\'e}ge. ({Hungarian}) [{The} scientist's social responsibility]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Novick:1998:KBH, author = "Aaron Novick and Gene Dannen", title = "Kalandoz{\'a}s a biol{\'o}gi{\'a}ban. ({Hungarian}) [{Adventure} in biology and ideas]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Pallo:1998:SAP, author = "Pall{\'o}{ }G{\'a}bor and Marx{ }Gy{\"o}rgy", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd} {\'a}tvette a parancsnoks{\'a}got \ldots{} --- besz{\'e}lget{\'e}s {Zeisel (Striker) {\'E}v{\'a}val} {\'e}s l{\'a}ny{\'a}val. ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard} took command\ldots{} --- a chat with {Eva Zeisel-Striker} and her daughter]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Radnai:1998:SLI, author = "Radnai{ }Gyula", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} iskol{\'a}i. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s secondary school years in {Budapest}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Rosa:1998:AKA, author = "R{\'o}sa{ }G{\'e}za", title = "{\'A}ttekint{\'e}s a k{\"u}l{\"o}nb{\"o}z{\H{o}} atomer{\H{o}}m{\H{u}}t{\'\i}pusokr{\'o}l. ({Hungarian}) [{Various} types of nuclear power plants --- a survey]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Rotblat:1998:SLP, author = "Joseph Rotblat", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}}, a {Pugwash}-mozgalom {\'u}tt{\"o}r{\H{o}}je. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}, a {Pugwash} movement pioneer]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Seaborg:1998:SLH, author = "Glenn Seaborg and Bertram Wolfe", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} hozz{\'a}j{\'a}rul{\'a}sa a {Vil{\'a}ghoz}: ({Hungarian}) [{Szilard}'s contribution to the {World}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Silard:1998:SEH, author = "John Silard", title = "Szem{\'e}lyes eml{\'e}keim. ({Hungarian}) [{Personal} recollections]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Szabadvary:1998:SLT, author = "Szabadv{\'a}ry{ }Ferenc", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}} tanulm{\'a}nyai a budapesti {J{\'o}zsef N{\'a}dor M{\H{u}}egyetemen}. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}'s studies at {Budapest Technical University}]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Telegdi:1998:SIA, author = "Valentine L. Telegdi", title = "{Szilard} as an Inventor: accelerators and more", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "402--??", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS/AAPT Joint April Meeting, April 18-21, 1998 Columbus, Ohio, abstract \#D4.02.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998APS..APR..D402T", abstract = "In the field of Nuclear physics, Szilard's role as an inventor is well recognized. The very idea of a sustained nuclear chain reaction is credited to him and a joint patent with Enrico Fermi covers all the essential features of the carbon-uranium reactor. His proposals concerning accelerators, covered in applications for patents which never seem to have been issued, have not yet been publicized. He invented the cyclotron, the linear accelerator and the concept of phase stability. These inventions shall be discussed in a historical framework.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Teller:1998:RMH, author = "Teller{ }Ede", title = "{R{\"o}vid} megeml{\'e}kez{\'e}s. ({Hungarian}) [{A} brief commemoration]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Tibell:1998:AFL, author = "Gunnar Tibell", title = "Arvet fr{\aa}n {Leo Szilard}: hur st{\aa}r det till med den etiska reflexionen i dagens forskning? ({Swedish}) [{The} heritage of {Leo Szilard}: ethical reflections on today's research]", journal = "V{\aa}r l{\"o}sen: kristen kulturtidskrift", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "116--120", month = "????", year = "1998", ISSN = "0346-4679", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 18:04:58 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Swedish", subject = "Szilard, Leo; forskningsetik; k{\"a}rnvapenfr{\aa}gan; k{\"a}rnvapen; historia; f{\"o}renta staterna; Research; Moral and ethical aspects; Judiska naturvetenskapsm{\"a}n", subject-dates = "1898--1964", } @Article{Vizi:1998:SC, author = "Vizi{ }E.{ }Szilveszter", title = "Science and conscience", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Second special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9804/tart9804.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Weinberg:1998:SLB, author = "Alvin M. Weinberg", title = "{Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o}}, a bomba {\'e}s a vil{\'a}gb{\'e}ke j{\"o}v{\H{o}}je. ({Hungarian}) [{Leo Szilard}, the bomb and the future of world peace]", journal = j-FIZ-SZ, volume = "48", number = "??", pages = "??--??", month = feb, year = "1998", CODEN = "FISZA6", ISSN = "0015-3257 (print), 1588-0540 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0015-3257", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 09:08:49 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Special issue on the centenary of Leo Szilard's birth.", URL = "http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9802/tart9802.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", } @Article{Earman:1999:EXW, author = "John Earman and John D. Norton", title = "Exorcist {XIV}: The Wrath of {Maxwell's Demon}. {Part II} From {Szilard} to {Landauer} and Beyond", journal = j-STUD-HIST-PHILOS-MOD-PHYS, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "1--40", month = mar, year = "1999", CODEN = "????", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1355-2198(98)00026-4", ISSN = "1355-2198 (print), 1879-2502 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1355-2198", bibdate = "Wed Nov 2 10:28:28 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-b.bib; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13552198", URL = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219898000264", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics", } @Article{Gerjuoy:1999:LST, author = "Edward Gerjuoy", title = "{Leo Szilard}. {Toward} a Livable World", journal = "Physics and Society", volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1999", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:36:03 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/1999/january/ajan99.html#a3", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lanouette:1999:LSP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Physics, Politics, and the Narrow Margin of Hope", journal = "Physics and Society", volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "8--9", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "????", ISSN-L = "????", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:32:38 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/1999/january/ajan99.html#a2", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Anonymous:19xx:AEL, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Birth of Modern Physics", howpublished = "Los Alamos National Laboratory Web document", year = "19xx", bibdate = "Thu Aug 02 08:36:58 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Section \booktitle{The Einstein Letter} discusses the Einstein--Roosevelt letter of 2 August 1939, and says ``drafted mostly by Szilard.''.", URL = "http://www.lanl.gov/history/road/birthofmodernphysics.shtml", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InCollection{Lanouette:1999:LSB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard} and the {A}-bomb", crossref = "Chambers:1999:OCA", pages = "??--??", year = "1999", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 18:01:16 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lanouette:2000:OCB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Odd Couple and the Bomb", journal = j-SCI-AMER, volume = "283", number = "5", pages = "104--109", month = nov, year = "2000", CODEN = "SCAMAC", ISSN = "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0036-8733", bibdate = "Sat Nov 11 18:07:55 MST 2000", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.sciam.com/2000/1100issue/1100quicksummary.html", note = "An article about the Fermi--Szilard collaboration to create the world's first nuclear reactor. Reprinted in \cite{Lanouette:2001:FSE,Lanouette:2001:EPB}.", abstract = "The first controlled nuclear chain reaction and the Manhattan Project grew out of the caustic collaboration of physicists Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Scientific American", xxpages = "86-91", } @Article{Michaudon:2000:FMW, author = "Andr{\'e} F. Michaudon and Ileana G. Buican", title = "A Factor of Millions: Why we made plutonium", journal = j-LOS-ALAMOS-SCIENCE, volume = "??", number = "26", pages = "4--9", month = nov, year = "2000", bibdate = "Mon Jun 18 17:02:22 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/00818004.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Enrico Fermi", } @PhdThesis{Schaefer:2000:SPA, author = "Laura Atkinson Schaefer", title = "Single pressure absorption heat pump analysis", type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", school = "Georgia Institute of Technology", address = "Atlanta, GA, USA", pages = "176", year = "2000", ISBN = "0-599-84298-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-599-84298-4", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Sat Jan 12 11:44:33 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://search.proquest.com/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://search.proquest.com/docview/304619904", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, advisor = "Samuel V. Shelton", classification = "0548: Mechanical engineering", dissertation-thesis-number = "9978424", keywords = "Einstein--Szilard single-pressure absorption cycle; US Patent 1,781,541 (single pressure absorption refrigerator.", subject = "Mechanical engineering", } @Article{Schwarzschild:2000:BHS, author = "Bertram Schwarzschild", title = "{Bohr--Heisenberg Symposium} Marks {Broadway} Opening of {{\booktitle{Copenhagen}}}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "53", number = "5", pages = "51--52", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.883076", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 12 15:15:45 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://link.aip.org/link/phtoad/v53/i5/p51/s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", keywords = "Copenhagen; Hans Bethe; Michael Frayn; Niels Bohr; Werner Heisenberg", remark-1 = "From page 51: ``In America, Hungarian refugee Leo Szilard, talking in 1942 to the chemical engineers who manufactured commercial graphite, discovered that the offending impurity was boron, and that enough of it could be removed to make graphite bricks sufficiently pure for reactors. In Germany, with its hierarchical ways, Bethe asserted, no physicist would have deigned to consult a chemical engineer. Once you have working reactors --- something Heisenberg and his colleagues never achieved during the war --- you can make fissile plutonium, which, unlike U235, can be separated chemically.''", remark-2 = "From page 51: ``If Heisenberg did attempt to calculate the critical mass in earlier days --- itself an unsettled historical issue --- the fact that he got it wrong puts him in good company. Session cochair Spencer Weart reminded the audience that even Fermi got it wrong. `The first to get it right,' he said, `were Peierls and Frisch' in England.''", remark-3 = "From page 52: ``\ldots{} a 1947 letter from Born to his son Gustav, describing a postwar conversation with Heisenberg: `His philosophy of life is definitely somewhat infected by Nazi ideas. He has a kind of `biological' creed, `survival of the fittest,' applied to human relations and seems to regret more that the Germans have not turned out to be the fittest, than what we regard to be the sad and regrettable things.'''", } @Article{Telegdi:2000:SIA, author = "V. L. Telegdi", title = "{Szilard} as inventor: Accelerators and more", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "53", number = "10", pages = "25--28", month = oct, year = "2000", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1325189", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:24:15 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhT....53j..25T", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Allen:2001:SEN, author = "A. D. Allen", title = "{Szilard} endorsed nuclear medicine by example", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "54", number = "2", pages = "82--82", month = feb, year = "2001", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359724", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54b..82A", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Czinkos:2001:SLP, author = "T{\'\i}mea Czinkos and Leo Szilard and J{\'a}nosne Tak{\'a}cs", title = "A {Szil{\'a}rd Le{\'o} Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd{\'\i}j} nyertesei: 2001", publisher = "Oktat{\'a}si Miniszt{\'e}rium", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "44", year = "2001", LCCN = "MLCS 2008/45433 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as\'ert.", } @Article{Dannen:2001:SIP, author = "Gene Dannen", title = "{Szilard}'s inventions patently halted", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "54", number = "3", pages = "102--102", month = mar, year = "2001", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1366083", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54c.102D", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lanouette:2001:BC, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Bomb Cooperation", journal = "Scientific American (Japanese Edition)", volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "114--121", month = feb, year = "2001", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "????", ISSN-L = "????", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, xxnote = "Find original Japanese title and provide transliteration.", } @Article{Lanouette:2001:BWP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Bombowa Wspolpraca. ({Polish}) [{Bomb} Cooperation]", journal = j-SWIAT-NAUKI, pages = "70--75", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "0867-6380 (print), 1689-0191 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0867-6380", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "{\'S}wiat Nauki [Polish edition of Scientific American]", journal-URL = "http://www.swiatnauki.pl", } @Article{Lanouette:2001:EPB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "La extrana pareja y la bomba. ({Spanish}) [{The} Odd Couple and the Bomb]", journal = "Investigacion y Ciencia", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "18--23", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "????", DOI = "", ISSN = "1665-4412", ISSN-L = "1665-4412", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 14:59:16 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Spanish", } @Article{Lanouette:2001:FSE, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Fermi, Szilard und der erste Atomreaktor}. ({German}) [{Fermi}, {Szilard} and the first atomic reactor]", journal = j-SPEKTRUM-WISSENSCHAFT, volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "78--83", day = "1", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "SPEKDI", DOI = "", ISSN = "0170-2971", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 14:57:01 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Spektrum der Wissenschaft (German translation of Scientific American)", language = "German", } @Book{Ottaviani:2001:FJR, author = "Jim Ottaviani and others", title = "Fallout: {J. Robert Oppenheimer}, {Leo Szilard}, and the political science of the atomic bomb", publisher = "G. T. Labs", address = "Ann Arbor, MI, USA", pages = "239", year = "2001", ISBN = "0-9660106-3-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-9660106-3-3", LCCN = "QC773.3.U5 O78 2001", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 14:56:06 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", abstract = "``A story of the Manhattan Project and the price J. Robert Oppenheimer, Leo Szilard, and we all paid for the atomic bomb.''. So, you've always wanted to learn how to build an atomic bomb? You're in luck; Jim Ottaviani is not only a comics writer, he also has a master's degree in nuclear engineering! But even though it's not a complete do-it our self manual (assembly required, and plutonium is definitely NOT included), Fallout will bring group up to speed on the science and politics of the nuclear gadgets. The focus of Fallout is on scientists, in particular J. Robert Oppenheimer and Leo Szilard, whose lives offer a cautionary tale about the uneasy alliance between the military, the government, and the beginnings of ``big science''.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Oppenheimer, J. Robert; comic books, strips, etc; Szilard, Leo; atomic bomb; history; historical comic books, strips, etc", subject-dates = "1904--1967", } @Article{Parrondo:2001:SER, author = "J. M. R. Parrondo", title = "The {Szilard} engine revisited: Entropy, macroscopic randomness, and symmetry breaking phase transitions", journal = j-CHAOS, volume = "11", number = "3", pages = "725--733", month = sep, year = "2001", CODEN = "CHAOEH", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388006", ISSN = "1054-1500", ISSN-L = "1054-1500", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Chaos..11..725P", abstract = "The role of symmetry breaking phase transitions in the Szilard engine is analyzed. It is shown that symmetry breaking is the only necessary ingredient for the engine to work. To support this idea, we show that the Ising model behaves exactly as the Szilard engine. We design a purely macroscopic Maxwell demon from an Ising model, demonstrating that a demon can operate with information about the macrostate of the system. We finally discuss some aspects of the definition of entropy and how thermodynamics should be modified to account for the variations of entropy in second-order phase transitions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Thermodynamic functions and equations of state, Lattice theory and statistics", } @Book{Anonymous:2002:HOA, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Handbuch {\"O}sterreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren j{\"u}discher Herkunft 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert}", publisher = pub-SAUR, address = pub-SAUR:adr, pages = "xxiii + 1818 (3 volumes)", year = "2002", ISBN = "3-598-11545-8", ISBN-13 = "978-3-598-11545-5", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 15:19:51 MDT 2011", bibsource = "carmin.sudoc.abes.fr:210/ABES-Z39-PUBLIC; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bedford:2002:HCH, author = "Joel S. Bedford and William C. Dewey", title = "Historical and Current Highlights in Radiation Biology: Has Anything Important Been Learned by Irradiating Cells?", journal = j-RADIAT-RES, volume = "158", number = "3", pages = "251--291", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "RAREAE", ISSN = "0033-7587 (print), 1938-5404 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0033-7587", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3580880", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Radiation Research", remark = "Contains just one brief mention on page 276 of Leo Szilard's advice to Theodore T. Puck and Philip I. Marcus to ``use X-irradiated feeder cells to get single mammalian cells to divide and form macroscopic colonies in a Petri dish.''", } @Article{Byers:2002:FS, author = "N. Byers", title = "{Fermi} and {Szilard}", journal = "ArXiv Physics e-prints", month = jul, year = "2002", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002physics...7094B", abstract = "Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard worked together at Columbia in 1939--40, just after nuclear fission was discovered, to ascertain the feasibility of a nuclear chain reaction, and then on the construction of the first nuclear reactor. Szilard believed a nuclear bomb could be built, and that the Germans may be doing so, but Fermi was sceptical. The Anglo--American project to build a bomb began late in 1941 after Oliphant brought the Frisch--Peierls memorandum to the attention of U. S. physicists. Szilard recalled ``On matters scientific or technical there was rarely any disagreement [but] Fermi and I disagreed from the very start of our collaboration about every issue that involved not science but principles of action in the face of the approaching war. If the nation owes us gratitude --- and it may not --- it does so for having stuck it out together as long as was necessary.'' As the war with Germany was drawing to a close and the successful construction of the atomic bombs was well underway, these two men took opposing positions regarding use of the bombs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "arXiv:physics/0207094", keywords = "Physics --- History of Physics, Physics --- Physics and Society", } @Book{Czinkos:2002:SLP, author = "T{\'i}mea Czinkos and Leo Szilard and J{\'a}nosn{\'e} Tak{\'a}cs", title = "A {Szil\'ard Le\'o Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd\'ij} nyertesei: 2002", publisher = "MF Plusz", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "44", year = "2002", LCCN = "MLCS 200845422 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as\'ert.", } @InProceedings{Devereux:2002:SEM, author = "Michael Devereux", editor = "Daniel P. Sheehan", booktitle = "Quantum Limits to the Second Law: {First International Conference on Quantum Limits to the Second Law. San Diego, California (USA), 29-31 July 2002. AIP Conference Proceedings}", title = "{Szilard's Engine}: Measurement, Information, and {Maxwell's Demon}", volume = "643", publisher = pub-AIP, address = pub-AIP:adr, pages = "279--284", month = nov, year = "2002", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1523817", ISBN = "0-7354-0098-9", ISBN-13 = "978-0-7354-0098-6", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 19:11:44 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", series = "American Institute of Physics Conference Series", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AIPC..643..279D", abstract = "Using an isolated measurement process, we calculate the effect measurement has on entropy for the multi-cylinder Szilard engine. We find that the system of cylinders possesses an entropy associated with cylinder total energy states, and that it records information transferred at measurement. Contrary to other's results, we find that the apparatus loses entropy due to measurement. The Second Law of Thermodynamics may be preserved if Maxwell's demon gains entropy moving the engine partition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Thermodynamics", } @Article{Kelly:2002:LSL, author = "H. Kelly", title = "{Leo Szilard Lectureship Award}: The Public Obligation of Scientists in the {21st Century}", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "I6002--??", month = apr, year = "2002", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, April Meeting, Jointly Sponsored with the High Energy Astrophysics Division (HEAD) of the American Astronomical Society April 20 - 23, 2002 Albuquerque Convention Center Albuquerque, New Mexico Meeting ID: APR02, abstract \#I6.002.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002APS..APR.I6002K", abstract = "As many as ten billion people may be alive at the end of the 21st century. Without order-of-magnitude changes in the productivity of systems for satisfying this population's needs and whimsies, we face starkly growing worldwide inequality, unsustainable plundering of shrinking supplies of natural resources, or both. Can we invent energy sources that are sustainable, affordable, and consistent with security? Can we mimic the ability of biological systems and build small, inexpensive machines that can fabricate tens of thousands of products on demand from simple raw materials? Can we use information and communication systems to optimize design and performance (the human brain uses half the energy of modern Pentium chips but most people seem much more clever.) Can we cut the resources needed to move people and things from point to point or to maintain homes and office spaces with comfortable light by an order of magnitude? As an APS summer study proved nearly three decades ago, there is much room for optimism about what we can do to address these problems and much has been learned since this initial foray. But there is there less room to be optimistic about changing incentive systems to reflect what we collectively want to do. Scientists who recognize what is possible can not in conscience ignore the complex, frustrating, and morally perilous world of domestic and international politics. Learning to be effective is not easy. Understanding political systems is not easy and being effective means engaging in the agonizing business of sorting through third or fourth-best solutions that are vastly better than no solution at all. The century can not end well without an effective partnership between science and politics.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InProceedings{Lanouette:2002:HV, author = "William Lanouette", title = "A Historian's View", crossref = "Leventhal:2002:NPS", pages = "233--234", year = "2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 14:52:24 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "A talk about the balance between nuclear power and nuclear weapons, featuring Leo Szilard's inventive strategy for arms control.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Article{Pinkus:2002:API, author = "Binyamin Pinkus and Moshe Tlamim", title = "Atomic Power to {Israel}'s Rescue: {French--Israeli} Nuclear Cooperation, 1949--1957", journal = j-ISRAEL-STUD, volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "104--138", month = "????", year = "2002", ISSN = "1084-9513 (print), 1527-201X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1084-9513", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/30246784", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Israel Studies", remark = "Two brief mentions of Leo Szilard, and reference to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", } @Article{Telegdi:2002:EFA, author = "Valentine L. Telegdi", title = "{Enrico Fermi in America}", journal = j-PHYS-TODAY, volume = "55", number = "6", pages = "38--43", month = jun, year = "2002", CODEN = "PHTOAD", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1496374", ISSN = "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0031-9228", bibdate = "Thu Jun 21 08:54:19 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v55/i6/p38_s1", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics Today", } @Book{Batyi:2003:SLP, author = "Emese B{\'a}tyi and Leo Szilard and J{\'a}nosn{\'e} Tak{\'a}cs", title = "A {Szil\'ard Le\'o Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd\'ij} nyertesei: 2003", publisher = "MF Plusz", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "64", year = "2003", LCCN = "MLCS 2008/45436 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as.", } @Article{Bernstein:2003:RAG, author = "Barton J. Bernstein", title = "Reconsidering the {``Atomic General''}: {Leslie R. Groves}", journal = j-J-MIL-HIST, volume = "67", number = "3", pages = "883--920", month = jul, year = "2003", ISSN = "0899-3718 (print), 1543-7795 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0899-3718", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3397331", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "The Journal of Military History", remark-1 = "Several mentions of Leo Szilard.", remark-2 = "From page 890: ``Groves retained, in the postwar period, his strong wartime distaste, if not contempt, for the Hungarian-born emigre scientist Leo Szilard, who, in turn, once stated that his favorite hobby was `baiting the brass' --- by which he especially meant Groves and his appointees. At one juncture in World War II, Groves had even drafted an order to incarcerate Szilard, but apparently Secretary Stimson vetoed it, as Groves had probably anticipated.''", remark-3 = "This paper contains serious challenges to the accuracy and scholarship of publications by Stanley Goldberg and William Lawren.", } @InProceedings{Lanouette:2003:GHB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Grunde und Hintergrunde des Bombenabwurfs auf Hiroshima}. ({German}) [Reason and Circumstances of the {Hiroshima} Bomb]", crossref = "Prigge:2003:BBA", pages = "187--195", year = "2003", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "A talk about the U.S. scientists' struggle to control the A-bomb they had created, presented at a UNESCO Conference on World Cultural Heritage of the 20th Century ``Modernity and Barbarism.'' The Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany. 4 June 1999. Article translated by Marie Neumullers.", URL = "", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, language = "German", } @Article{Seed:2003:HGW, author = "David Seed", title = "{H. G. Wells} and the Liberating Atom", journal = j-SCI-FICT-STUD, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "33--48", month = mar, year = "2003", ISSN = "0091-7729", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", note = "The author describes a meeting between H. G. Wells (author of \booktitle{The World Set Free}) and Leo Szilard, who had read Wells' book in 1932 and was impressed by it as a work of fiction. When Szilard thought of the possibility of a nuclear chain reaction in 1933, his memory of Wells' book led him to apply immediately for a British patent on nuclear fission.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4241139", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Science Fiction Studies", } @Article{Zurek:2003:MDS, author = "Wojciech Hubert Zurek", title = "{Maxwell's Demon}, {Szilard's Engine} and Quantum Measurements", journal = "eprint arXiv:quant-ph/0301076", month = jan, year = "2003", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003quant.ph..1076Z", abstract = "We propose and analyze a quantum version of Szilard's ``one-molecule engine.'' In particular, we recover, in the quantum context, Szilard's conclusion concerning the free energy ``cost'' of measurements: $\Delta F \geq k_B T \ln 2$ per bit of information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, eprint = "arXiv:quant-ph/0301076", } @Book{Batyi:2004:SLP, author = "Emese B\'atyi and Leo Szilard and Orsolya Sz{\^\i}ucs and J\'anosn\'e Tak\'acs", title = "A {Szil\'ard Le\'o Professzori {\`e}Oszt{\"o}nd\'ij} nyertesei: 2004", publisher = "Oktat\'asi Miniszt\'erium", address = "Budapest, Hungarian", pages = "60", year = "2004", LCCN = "MLCS 2008/45435 (Q)", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Hungarian", remark = "At head of title: Alap\'itv\'any a Magyar Fels{\^\i}ooktat\'as\'ert \'es Kutat\'as\'ert.", } @Article{Blow:2004:MFP, author = "D. M. Blow", title = "{Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM CH CBE, 19 May 1914--6 February 2002}", journal = j-BIOGRAPH-MEMOIRS-FELLOWS-ROY-SOC, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "227--256", month = "????", year = "2004", CODEN = "BMFRA3", ISSN = "0080-4606 (print), 1748-8494 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0080-4606", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", note = "Brief mention of Szilard's campaign to create an international laboratory of molecular biology on the model of CERN, with reference to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4140521", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", } @InCollection{Byers:2004:FS, author = "Nina Byers", title = "{Fermi} and {Szilard}", crossref = "Cronin:2004:FR", pages = "215--228", year = "2004", bibdate = "Mon Jul 02 06:06:29 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @InProceedings{Lanouette:2004:LSB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Baiting Brass Hats", crossref = "Kelly:2004:RMP", pages = "73--77", year = "2004", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 14:48:07 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "A book chapter (based on a 2002 symposium talk) about Szilard's efforts to start, accelerate, and then end the Manhattan Project; including his struggles for --- then against --- atomic secrecy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Article{Wald:2004:FLP, author = "Chelsea Wald", title = "Focus: Landmarks: The {Physical Review}'s Explosive Secret", journal = j-PHYS-REV-FOCUS, volume = "14", number = "??", pages = "17--??", month = "????", year = "2004", CODEN = "PRFHAQ", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFocus.14.17", ISSN = "1539-0748", bibdate = "Sun Jun 24 12:18:22 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://physics.aps.org/story/print/v14/st17", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physical Review Focus", remark = "This brief report describes the background of the five-year suppression of the publication of papers on the discovery of plutonium (element 94).", } @Article{Badash:2005:APN, author = "Lawrence Badash", title = "{American} Physicists, Nuclear Weapons in {World War II}, and Social Responsibility", journal = j-PHYS-PERSPECT, volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "138--149", month = jun, year = "2005", CODEN = "PHPEF2", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-003-0215-6", ISSN = "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1422-6944", bibdate = "Wed Jun 27 18:29:21 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/u2638016081u076h/", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics in Perspective (PIP)", keywords = "atomic bomb; Ernest Rutherford; fission; Hiroshima; J. Robert Oppenheimer; James Franck; Leo Szilard; Manhattan Project; Nagasaki; nuclear weapons; Robert R. Wilson; social responsibility; World War II", } @Article{Frank:2005:ERG, author = "Tibor Frank", title = "Ever Ready to Go: The Multiple Exiles of {Leo Szilard}", journal = j-PHYS-PERSPECT, volume = "7", number = "2", pages = "204--252", month = jun, year = "2005", CODEN = "PHPEF2", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-004-0236-9", ISSN = "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1422-6944", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhP.....7..204F; http://www.springerlink.com/content/1422-6960/", abstract = "I argue that to understand the life and work of Leo Szilard (1898--1964) we have to understand, first, that he was driven by events to numerous departures, escapes, and exiles, changing his religion, his language, his country of residence, and his scientific disciplines; second, that he was a man haunted by major moral dilemmas throughout his life, burdened by a sincere and grave sense of responsibility for the fate of the world; and third, that he experienced a terrible sense of d{\'e}j{\`a} vu: his excessive sensitivity and constant alertness were products of his experiences as a young student in Budapest in 1919. The mature Szilard in Berlin of 1933, and forever after, was always ready to move. I proceed as follows: After a brief introduction to his family background, youth, and education in Budapest, I discuss the impact of his army service in the Great War and of the tumultuous events in Hungary in 1918--1919 on his life and psyche, forcing him to leave Budapest for Berlin in late 1919. He completed his doctoral degree under Max von Laue (1879--1960) at the University of Berlin in 1922 and his Habilitationsschrift in 1925. During the 1920s and early 1930s, he filed a number of patents, several of them jointly with Albert Einstein (1879--1955). He left Berlin in March 1933 for London where he played a leading role in the rescue operations for refugee scientists and scholars from Nazi Germany. He also carried out notable research in nuclear physics in London and Oxford before immigrating to the United States at the end of 1938. He drafted Einstein's famous letter of August 2, 1939, to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, worked in the Manhattan Project during World War II, initiated a petition to President Harry S. Truman not to use the bomb on Japan, and immediately after the war was a leader in the scientists movement that resulted in civilian control of nuclear energy. In 1946 he turned to biology, in which his most significant contribution was to formulate a theory of aging. In 1956 von Laue led an effort to invite him to head a new institute for nuclear physics in West Berlin, which he ultimately declined at the end of 1959. He remained in the United States, becoming a highly visible public figure, speaking, writing, and traveling extensively, and even corresponding with Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev and President John F. Kennedy to promote the international control of nuclear weapons. In retrospect, although Szilard was a man of many missions, his life story could be read as that of a man of conscience with but a single mission, to save mankind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Physics in Perspective (PIP)", keywords = "Leo Szilard, William Beveridge, Arthur H. Compton, Lord Cherwell, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Leslie R. Groves, John F. Kennedy, Max von Laue, John von Neumann, Friedrich A. Paneth, Max Planck, Michael Polanyi, Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, Edward Teller, Harold C. Urey, Eugene Wigner, Budapest, Hungary, Berlin, Great War, Nazi Germany, Szilard--Chalmers reaction, World War II, Manhattan Project, Metallurgical Laboratory, Franck Report, Atomic Bomb, Cold War, Atomic Stalemate, patents, psychology, {\'e}migr{\'e} scientists, nuclear physics, nuclear fission, nuclear-chain reaction, scientists movement, biophysics, theory of aging", } @Book{Klein:2005:SFO, author = "Georg Klein", title = "Skapelsens fullkomlighet och livets tragik: ess{\"a}er. ({Swedish}) [{Creation}'s perfection and life's tragedy: essays]", publisher = "Bonnier", address = "Stockholm, Sweden", pages = "241 + 1", year = "2005", ISBN = "91-0-010786-7", ISBN-13 = "978-91-0-010786-4", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:21:34 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.libris.kb.se:210/libr", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Swedish", subject = "Utvecklingsl{\"a}ra; ess{\"a}er; Evolution; essays; Apoptosis; Humanities; Natural sciences", } @Article{Kleppner:2005:LSR, author = "Daniel Kleppner", title = "{Leo Szilard} and the role of physicists in countering nuclear threats", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "6003--??", month = apr, year = "2005", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:42:23 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, APS April Meeting, April 16-19, 2005, abstract \#T6.003", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005APS..APR.T6003K", abstract = "Even before the first nuclear bomb was tested, Leo Szilard led efforts by physicists to assert leadership on the use of nuclear weapons. He warned about the future possibility of delivering nuclear weapons by missiles and also pointed out the ease by which nuclear bombs could simply be carried across borders. The U.S. has had an anti-ballistic missile program since the 1950's. Initially it was intended to counter a Soviet nuclear threat but with the end of the cold war the goal was changed to dealing with accidental or unauthorized launches of Russian ICBMs. More recently, the goal of the U.S. missile defense program was shifted to countering a possible future threat posed by emerging missile states. The APS Study of boost- phase intercept was carried out in the Szilard tradition of physicists providing leadership on public policy issues involving science ad technology, in the hope that factual analysis of technical problems can contribute to better public policy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Millet:2005:OPR, author = "Lydia Millet", title = "Oh pure and radiant heart", publisher = "Soft Skull Press", address = "Brooklyn, NY, USA", pages = "489", year = "2005", ISBN = "1-932360-85-9", ISBN-13 = "978-1-932360-85-1", LCCN = "PS3563.I42175 O37 2005", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 14:56:06 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip056/2005001028.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Oppenheimer, J. Robert; Fiction; Fermi, Enrico; Szilard, Leo; Nuclear physicists; Women librarians; Celebrities; Atomic bomb; Time travel; Santa Fe (NM)", subject-dates = "1904--1967; 1901--1954", } @Article{Schollmeyer:2005:MR, author = "Josh Schollmeyer", title = "Minority Report", journal = j-BULL-AT-SCI, volume = "61", number = "1", pages = "38--39", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "BASIAP", ISSN = "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0096-3402", bibdate = "Wed Aug 29 07:55:06 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", keywords = "Franck Report (minority report of 11 June 1945 on use of nuclear weapons)", } @Book{Hargittai:2006:MSF, author = "Istv{\'a}n Hargittai", title = "The {Martians of Science}: five physicists who changed the twentieth century", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xxiv + 313 + 32", year = "2006", ISBN = "0-19-517845-9 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-19-517845-6 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC15.H27 2006", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:18:35 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Von K{\'a}rm{\'a}n, Theodore, 1881--1963 \\ Szilard, Leo \\ Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902--1995 \\ Von Neumann, John, 1903--1957 \\ Teller, Edward, 1908--2003", tableofcontents = "1. Arrival and departure \\ 2. Turning points in Germany \\ 3. Second transition: to the United States \\ 4. ``To protect and defend'': World War II \\ 5. To deter: cold war \\ 6. Being Martian \\ Appendix. Sampler of quotable Martians", } @Article{Lanouette:2006:SPL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The science and politics of {Leo Szilard}, 1898--1964: evolution, revolution, or subversion?", journal = j-SCI-PUBLIC-POL, volume = "33", number = "8", pages = "613--617", month = oct, year = "2006", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154306781778696", ISSN = "0302-3427 (print), 1471-5430 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0302-3427", bibdate = "Mon Dec 24 07:40:25 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", URL = "http://spp.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/8/613.abstract", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # acl-wl, fjournal = "Science and Public Policy", journal-URL = "http://spp.oxfordjournals.org/", } @Article{Marcus:2006:GFC, author = "Philip I. Marcus and Gordon H. Sato and Richard G. Ham and David Patterson", title = "The Genesis of ``Feeder Cells'': Concept and Practice", journal = j-IN-VITRO-CEL-DEV-BIO-ANIM, volume = "42", number = "8/9", pages = "235--237", month = sep # "\slash " # oct, year = "2006", CODEN = "IVCAED", ISSN = "1071-2690 (print), 1543-706X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1071-2690", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", note = "In memoriam tribute to Theodore T. Puck (24 September 1916--6 November 2005).", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4295703", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "In Vitro Cellular \& Developmental Biology. Animal", remark = "Numerous mentions of Leo Szilard.", } @Article{Turchetti:2006:SNS, author = "Simone Turchetti", title = "``For Slow Neutrons, Slow Pay'': {Enrico Fermi}'s Patent and the {U.S. Atomic Energy Program}, 1938--1953", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "97", number = "1", pages = "1--27", month = mar, year = "2006", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Mon Jun 18 07:22:24 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.1086/501097.pdf", abstract = "This essay focuses on the history of one of the atomic patents. The patent, which described a process to slow down neutrons in nuclear reactions, was the result of experimental research conducted in the 1930s by Enrico Fermi and his group at the Institute of Physics, University of Rome. The value of the patented process became clear during World War II, as it was involved in most of the military and industrial applications of atomic energy. This ignited a controversy between Fermi and U.S. government representatives over royalties to be paid for use of the process during and after the war. The controversy sheds new light on the role that the management of patents played in the context of the Manhattan Project and in the postwar U.S. nuclear program, encompassing issues of power and economic influence in the relationship between scientists, the military, and public administrators.\par The invention covered by Patent No. 2,206,634 covers the basic process used in the research and development leading up the production of atomic energy and the production of the atomic bomb. Such invention is of continuing importance in the production of fissionable materials and atomic weapons.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", remark-1 = "From page 13: ``The Italian scientists also wanted to inform the other inventors and Giannini [one of Fermi's former students who became a businessman, and acted on behalf of Fermi's patent applications] that the slow neutron patent had proved --- indeed, dramatically increased --- its commercial value. But any disclosure of the reasons for this increased value (i.e., in connection with MED [Manhattan Engineer District: code name for the project]) would have led them to contravene Los Alamos security regulations, if not openly challenge the Espionage Act''.", remark-2 = "From page 23: ``Fermi's patent had been an important motive for his research from its onset to the design of nuclear reactors and afterward. \ldots{} The history of Fermi's patent also illuminates, in a very distinctive way, how the relationship between scientists, the military, and the U.S. government was shaped by disputes about intellectual ownership. Because the slow neutron patent was one of only two that received compensation, it in fact provides an almost unique opportunity for exploring how legal controversies intersected with the development of atomic research in wartime and postwar American science.", remark-3 = "From page 25: ``The history of Fermi's patent adds a new dimension to studies of political persecution in the United States during the 1950s. It shows that some of the scientists who were subjected to scrutiny during the ``witch hunts'' also had ongoing legal and financial issues with the U.S. government. One might then ask whether there was a connection between political repression and ongoing disputes of a legal-financial nature.''", remark-4 = "From page 26: ``Only one other set of patents (those filed by Segr{\`e} and his Berkeley associates on plutonium) were compensated by the PCB [Patent Compensation Board]; all the other claims were rejected. \ldots{} The agency could then license corporations such as General Electric and Westinghouse for the trade of nuclear radioisotopes and nuclear reactors alike. This meant that costs for intellectual property rights amounted to as little as 0.005 percent of the total revenues derived from selling nuclear products abroad, whereas prewar contracts had ensured inventors no less than 5 percent of total revenues. On the whole, the governmental monopoly system on atomic patents had not diminished the contractual power of corporations; indeed, it augmented it.''.", remark-5 = "There are numerous mentions of Leo Szilard in this paper, and references to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", } @Article{Valdevit:2006:OFS, author = "Giampaolo Valdevit", title = "{Oppenheimer} fra scienza e potere. Una storia americana. ({Italian}) [{Oppenheimer} between science and power. {An} {American} story]", journal = j-STUD-STOR, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "115--142", month = jan # "\slash " # mar, year = "2006", ISSN = "0039-3037 (print), 2036-458X (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0039-3037", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:17 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20567340", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Studi Storici", language = "Italian", remark = "Besides J. Robert Oppenheimer, the article has several mentions of Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, and Leo Szilard", } @Article{Fiege:2007:ASS, author = "Mark Fiege", title = "The Atomic Scientists, the Sense of Wonder, and the Bomb", journal = j-ENVIRON-HIST, volume = "12", number = "3", pages = "578--613", month = jul, year = "2007", ISSN = "1084-5453 (print), 1930-8892 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "1084-5453", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25473133", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Environmental History", remark = "Brief mention of Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein, and reference to \cite{Lanouette:1992:GSB}.", } @Book{Smith:2007:DMR, author = "Peter D. (Peter Daniel) Smith", title = "Doomsday men: the real {Dr. Strangelove} and the dream of the superweapon", publisher = pub-ST-MARTINS, address = pub-ST-MARTINS:adr, pages = "xxii + 552", year = "2007", ISBN = "0-312-37397-X", ISBN-13 = "978-0-312-37397-9", LCCN = "QC773.A1 S65 2007", bibdate = "Mon Sep 26 14:56:06 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn", abstract = "This is the untold story of the ultimate weapon of mass destruction. In 1950, Hungarian-born scientist Leo Szilard made a dramatic announcement on American radio: science was on the verge of creating a doomsday bomb, a huge cobalt-clad H-bomb that would pollute the atmosphere with radioactivity and end all life on earth. For the first time in history, mankind had within his grasp a truly godlike power, the ability to destroy life itself. The shockwave from this statement reverberated across the following decade and beyond --- for many people there was now little to distinguish real scientists from that ``fictional master of megadeath,'' Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove. Indeed, as science historian Smith shows, the dream of the superweapon to end all war begins in popular culture --- iconic films and fictions, from H. G. Wells' forward --- and the scientists responsible for these terrible weapons grew up in a culture dreaming of superweapons and Wellsian utopias.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Fermi, Enrico; Atomic bomb; History; Scientists; Moral and ethical aspects", subject-dates = "1901--1954", } @InCollection{Anonymous:2008:SL, author = "Anonymous", booktitle = "Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography", title = "{Szilard, Leo}", publisher = "Encyclopedia.com", address = "????", year = "2008", bibdate = "Wed Mar 06 16:59:36 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", URL = "http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830906128.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, lastaccess = "06 March 2013", } @Article{Clemente:2008:DSS, author = "Bill Clemente", title = "The Dolphin Still Speaks: {Leo Szilard} and Science Fiction", journal = "Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS)", volume = "14", number = "2", pages = "373--387", month = "????", year = "2008", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "1218-7364", ISSN-L = "1218-7364", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41274436", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Malloy:2008:BRB, author = "Sean L. Malloy", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Doomsday Men: The Real Dr. Strangelove and the Dream of the Superweapon}}, by P. D. Smith}", journal = j-ISIS, volume = "99", number = "4", pages = "876--877", month = dec, year = "2008", CODEN = "ISISA4", ISSN = "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0021-1753", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.1086/597738.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Isis", remark = "The book's author uses Dr. Strangelove for Leo Szilard.", } @Article{Podvig:2008:LSL, author = "P. Podvig", title = "{Leo Szilard Lectureship Award} Talk: Nuclear disarmament after the cold war", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", pages = "6005--??", month = apr, year = "2008", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, 2008 APS April Meeting and HEDP/HEDLA Meeting, April 11--15, 2008, abstract \#S6.005.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008APS..APR.S6005P", abstract = "Now that the cold war is long over, our thinking of nuclear weapons and the role that they play in international security has undergone serious changes. The emphasis has shifted from superpower confrontation to nuclear proliferation, spread of weapon materials, and to the dangers of countries developing nuclear weapon capability under a cover of a civilian program. At the same time, the old cold-war dangers, while receded, have not disappeared completely. The United States and Russia keep maintaining thousands of nuclear weapons in their arsenals, some of them in very high degree of readiness. This situation presents a serious challenge that the international community has to deal with. Although Russia and the United States are taking some steps to reduce their nuclear arsenals, the traditional arms control process has stalled -- the last treaty that was signed in 2002 does not place serious limits on strategic forces of either side. The START Treaty, which provides a framework for verification and transparency in reduction of nuclear arsenals, will expire at the end of 2009. Little effort has been undertaken to extend the treaty or renegotiate it. Moreover, in recent years Russia has stepped up the efforts to modernize its strategic nuclear forces. The United States has resisted joining the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and has been working on controversial new nuclear weapon development programs. The U.S. missile defense program makes the dialogue between Russia and the United States even more difficult. The reluctance of Russia and the United States to engage in a discussion about drastic reductions of their nuclear forces undermines the case of nuclear nonproliferation and seriously complicated their effort to contain the spread of nuclear weapon technologies and expertise. One of the reasons for the current lack of progress in nuclear disarmament is the contradiction between the diminished role that nuclear weapons play in security of nuclear weapon states and the inertia of cold-war institutions that are involved in their development and support. Dealing with this contradiction would require development of new mechanisms of cooperation between nuclear weapons states and their strong commitment to the cause of nuclear nonproliferation. One important area of cooperation is development of a framework that would prevent the spread of nuclear materials and technology at the time when increasing number of countries is turning toward expanded use of nuclear power to cover their energy needs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, adsnote = "Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System", } @Book{Frank:2009:DEM, author = "Tibor Frank", title = "Double exile: migrations of {Jewish--Hungarian} professionals through {Germany} to the {United States}, 1919--1945", volume = "7", publisher = "Peter Lang", address = "Oxford, UK", pages = "501", year = "2009", ISBN = "3-03911-331-3", ISBN-13 = "978-3-03911-331-6", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Tue Sep 13 16:30:16 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS", series = "Exil-Studien: eine interdisziplin{\"a}re Buchreihe", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Bibliografi s.455-483.", subject = "J{\o}der i Ungarn; J{\o}der; Historie; Ungarn; Utvandring; Flyktninger; J{\o}der i Forente Stater; Ungarere i Forente Stater; Forente Stater; Innvandring", } @Article{Jeanloz:2009:LSL, author = "R. Jeanloz", title = "{Leo Szilard Lectureship Award} Talk: Science and International Security", journal = "APS April Meeting Abstracts", volume = "??", number = "??", pages = "7001--??", month = may, year = "2009", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 15:48:17 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "American Physical Society, 2009 APS April Meeting, May 2-5, 2009, abstract \#R7.001.", URL = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009APS..APR.R7001J", abstract = "The proliferation of nuclear-weapons technology is one of the gravest dangers facing the world, with potentially devastating consequences if it is not contained. The scientific community has a special role to play in confronting this threat, not only because many of the issues involved are highly technical, and science offers important tools such as hypothesis testing, but also because open communication lies at the heart of scientific research. International dialogs among scientists can thus be uniquely powerful in confronting problems of global concern, especially when political constraints hinder communication between nations. Many view the scientific community as at least partly responsible for major threats confronting the world, but we also have the opportunity to reduce those dangers through the same processes that lead to discovery and advancement of knowledge.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Lanouette:2009:CCN, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Civilian Control of Nuclear Weapons", journal = j-ARMS-CONTROL-TODAY, volume = "39", number = "4", pages = "45--48", month = may, year = "2009", ISSN = "0196-125X (print), 1943-5754 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0196-125X", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 14:28:21 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "An article about the proposal to shift nuclear weapons work from the Energy to the Defense Department, and the efforts that Szilard led in the 1940s to establish ``civilian control'' of nuclear weapons and research", URL = "http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/Lanouette", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, fjournal = "Arms Control Today", journal-URL = "http://www.armscontrol.org/act/", } @Article{Pallo:2010:BRB, author = "G{\'a}bor Pall{\'o}", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Double exile. Migration of Jewish--Hungarian professionals through Germany to the United States, 1919--1945}} by Tibor Frank}", journal = j-STUD-EAST-EUROPEAN-THOUGHT, volume = "62", number = "2", pages = "241--243", month = jun, year = "2010", CODEN = "SEETE3", ISSN = "0925-9392 (print), 1573-0948 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0925-9392", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:37:15 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; JSTOR database", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/stable/40927720", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Studies in East European Thought", } @InProceedings{Lanouette:2011:NMH, author = "William Lanouette", title = "A Narrow Margin of Hope: {Leo Szilard} in the Founding Days of {CARA}", crossref = "Marks:2011:DLP", chapter = "2", pages = "??--??", year = "2011", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 13:19:35 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, keywords = "Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA)", } @Article{Anonymous:2012:HAT, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Harold Agnew} talk delights audience", journal = "{Los Alamos National Laboratory News Center}", day = "11", month = may, year = "2012", bibdate = "Mon Jun 18 15:52:57 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "From the article: ``Agnew, 92, fondly recounted his long association with Enrico Fermi, starting with his work on the team that created the first controlled nuclear reaction in a graphite pile at the University of Chicago. He remembers Fermi as, ``a wonderful person, but just a regular guy,'' who, in a very low-key manner, advanced key research in the development of the first atomic weapons and many other breakthrough scientific innovations.\par He also told a story of Leo Szilard's quirky behavior.\par ``At Chicago, Fermi used to give weekly lectures on Thursday evenings. Outside the lecture hall there was a sign up sheet, on a yellow legal pad. Szilard, who I think wasn't sure we were going to win the war, refused to put his name on the sign up sheet, so Fermi had him listen to the lectures from the hallway, through an open door.''", URL = "http://www.lanl.gov/news/stories/agnew-colloquium.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Bailyn:2012:BRB, author = "Lotte Bailyn and Bernard Bailyn", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{In Defence of Learning: The Plight, Persecution, and Placement of Academic Refugees, 1933--1980s}}, edited by Shula Marks, Paul Weindling, and Laura Wintour}", journal = j-J-INTERDISCIP-HIST, volume = "43", number = "2", pages = "301--302", month = "Autumn", year = "2012", CODEN = "????", ISSN = "0022-1953 (print), 1530-9169 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-1953", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 13:09:44 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "See \cite{Marks:2011:DLP}.", URL = "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v043/43.2.bailyn.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", journal-URL = "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00221953.html; http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jih/", remark = "From page 301: ``The core of the book is the evolving history of the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA) founded by William Beveridge in 1933 at the urging of Leo Szilard, a peripatetic physicist, to rescue the academic victims of Nazism in Germany.''", } @InCollection{Schils:2012:AE, author = "Ren{\'e} Schils", title = "{Albert Einstein}", crossref = "Schils:2012:HJW", pages = "123--129", year = "2012", DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0860-4_20", bibdate = "Sat Feb 09 09:39:51 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", URL = "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-0860-4_20", abstract = "Albert Einstein was not only a world famous physicist, but also a practical inventor. Together with Leo Szilard, he designed three alternative refrigerators. The ideas were ingenious, but none ever found their way into the kitchen.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Reid:20xx:ESM, author = "R. Reid and Richard Thomas and John Stockbridge and Robert Rietty and James Langahm and Murray Kash", title = "{Einstein}: The story of the man by his friends", howpublished = "Motion picture", year = "20xx", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:10:53 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "J. Robert Oppenheimer, Thomas Bucky, Helen Dukas, Patrick Gordon Walker, Banesh Hoffman, Otto Nathan, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller and A. R. Ubbelohde", abstract = "A look at Albert Einstein's life with interviews with famous friends and footage, note footage of dinner with George Bernard Shaw.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Part 3 (of 3) --- broadcasts/interviews/talks about Leo Szilard and %%% his works. Entries are sorted in chronological order with `bibsort %%% byday': @Misc{Lanouette:1986:LSA, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard} and the Art of Citizens' Diplomacy", howpublished = "Discussant at a session on ``Citizens' Diplomacy and International Exchanges'' at the Sixth World Congress of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Cologne, Germany", day = "31", month = may, year = "1986", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1986:BNG, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Von des Bombes aus Netz}. ({German}) [{From} the Bomb to the Grid]", howpublished = "History of nuclear power in America. WL interviewed in Washington, DC, Three Mile Island PA, and Shippingport, PA. RIAS-TV.", year = "1986", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, language = "German", } @Misc{Lanouette:1989:PS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Power and the Story", howpublished = "Interview with WL about the development of nuclear power in America. Radio Dialogue \#48.", day = "9", month = oct, year = "1989", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1990:RMP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Running Down the {Manhattan Project}: {Leo Szilard}'s Efforts to Build and Ban the Bomb", howpublished = "A talk for the Seminar ``Running the Manhattan Project: Conant, Groves, and Szilard'' at the annual meeting of the History of Science Society. Seattle, WA, USA", day = "26", month = oct, year = "1990", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1992:LSP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard} and Post-War Science: From Nuclear Physics to Molecular Biology", howpublished = "A talk questioning if Szilard's scientific style employs evolution, revolution, or subversion. The History of Science Society and American Historical Association, Washington, DC, USA", day = "29", month = dec, year = "1992", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:AWL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Author {William Lanouette} Talks About {Leo Szilard}", howpublished = "Interview by Neal Conan on ``Morning Edition,'' National Public Radio", day = "1", month = mar, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:FSG, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Faculty Seminar on Genius in the Shadows", howpublished = "Talk at The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.", day = "2", month = mar, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:WFM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Where the Four {Martians} of the {Manhattan Project} Landed: The National Laboratory Connections of {Teller}, {Wigner}, {von Neumann}, and {Szilard}", howpublished = "Talk at the American Physical Society, Washington, DC, USA.", day = "13", month = apr, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:LSM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}: The Man Behind the Award.", howpublished = "American Physical Society, Szilard Award ceremony, Washington, DC, USA", day = "14", month = apr, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:AL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Authors' Lunch", howpublished = "In a discussion among writers about Hungary with President Arpad Goncz, former US Ambassador Philip Kaiser, and others. Embassy of Hungary, Washington, DC, USA", day = "23", month = apr, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:HGT, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Hungarian} Geniuses and their Bomb", howpublished = "Seminar on Science and Social Responsibility, about Szilard, Teller, von Neumann, and Wigner. Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.", day = "10", month = may, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:ALB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Author's Lecture and Booksigning: {World War II} Series", howpublished = "Presentation about Szilard's attempts to prevent the atomic bombing of Japan, with readings from Genius in the Shadows The National Archives, Washington, DC.", day = "5", month = aug, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:GS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Genius in the Shadows", howpublished = "Interview on the Voice of America about Szilard's efforts to prevent the atomic bombing of Japan and the scientists' petition to Truman.", day = "6", month = aug, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1993:CIG, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Consultant and Interviewer for {``The Genius Behind the Bomb''}", howpublished = "PBS/NOVA documentary about Leo Szilard narrated by Ed Asner. [NOVA Program \#1911].", day = "29", month = sep, year = "1993", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1994:LSL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}'s Life", howpublished = "A talk to the Inter-Agency Seminar Group at the Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.", day = "23", month = mar, year = "1994", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1994:AS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Atomic Spies", howpublished = "Debate with the authors of \booktitle{Special Tasks} by Soviet spymaster Pavel Sudoplatov \cite{Sudoplatov:1995:STM}, which falsely alleged that Szilard, Niels Bohr, J. Robert Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi were Soviet agents within the Manhattan Project. MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour", day = "26", month = apr, year = "1994", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1994:SLS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Seminar on {Leo Szilard}", howpublished = "History Associates, Rockville, Maryland", day = "6", month = may, year = "1994", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1995:A, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{August 1945}", howpublished = "Woodrow Wilson Center ``Dialogue'' radio interview on the decision to drop A-bombs on Japan, and the Manhattan Project Scientists (including Szilard) who opposed using the weapons they had created. Radio Dialogue \#295.", day = "1--7", month = may, year = "1995", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1995:GSB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Genius in the Shadows: The Biography of {Leo Szilard}", howpublished = "Woodrow Wilson Center ``Dialogue'' radio interview about Szilard's efforts to create and control the A-bomb, and his life-long commitment to social issues. Radio Dialogue \#306.", day = "17--23", month = jul, year = "1995", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1995:MPS, author = "William Lanouette and Ralph E. Lapp and Howard Gest and John A. Simpson", title = "The {Manhattan Project} Scientists Petition {President Truman}", howpublished = "Lecture and Introduction to a Discussion by Three Signers of Leo Szilard's 17 July 1945 Petition About the Decision to Use the Atom Bomb. World War II Program. The National Archives, Washington, DC. TV broadcast by C-SPAN.", day = "17", month = jul, year = "1995", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Misc{Lanouette:1995:HWB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Hiroshima}: Why the Bomb Was Dropped", howpublished = "Interview about Szilard's attempts to demonstrate the A-bomb and stop its use on cities. ABC Peter Jennings Reporting.", day = "27", month = jul, year = "1995", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1995:SSB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Scientists, Statesmen, and the Bomb", howpublished = "A talk about Leo Szilard's efforts to prevent the atomic bombing of Japan, presented at the International Colloquium on the 50th Anniversary of Hiroshima, University of Mons-Hainaut, Belgium", day = "15", month = sep, year = "1995", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1996:NAR, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Nuclear Arms Race and the Scientists Behind It", howpublished = "Lecture about Szilard and fellow refugee scientists who created and continued the nuclear arms race. Visiting Scholar at James Madison University", day = "5", month = feb, year = "1996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1996:WSB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Writing {Szilard}'s Biography", howpublished = "Presentation to a Faculty Seminar, Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana", day = "25", month = mar, year = "1996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1996:LSP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Leo Szilard: Physicist and Peacemaker", howpublished = "A talk prepared for ``Hungarian Emigre Scientists and the Technologies of Peace and War 1919-1989,'' a workshop organized for the 23rd Symposium of the International Committee for the History of Technology, Budapest 8-9 August 1996. Published in The Martians: Hungarian Emigre Scientists and the Technology of War and Peace (Gyorgy Marx, editor). Budapest: E{\"o}tv{\"o}s University, 1997, 88-95.", day = "8--9", month = aug, year = "1996", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1997:NAR, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Nuclear Arms Race: From {Leo Szilard} to Stockpile Stewardship", howpublished = "A seminar presented at the Peace Studies Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.", day = "23", month = oct, year = "1997", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Book{Lanouette:1997:SLZ, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Szilard Leo}: Zseni Arnyekban", publisher = "Magyar Vilag Kiado", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "????", year = "1997", ISBN = "", ISBN-13 = "", LCCN = "", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 07:09:59 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", note = "Hungarian edition of \booktitle{Genius in the Shadows}. Translated by Peter Hrasko", price = "US\$", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:LSCa, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}: A Comic and Cosmic Wit", howpublished = "A talk at the International Szilard Seminar, Leo Szilard Centenary Celebration, E{\"o}tv{\"o}s University, Budapest, 9 February 1998. Published in \cite{Lanouette:1998:LSCb}.", day = "9", month = feb, year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:SGN, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Shadow of Genius in the Nuclear Age: Reflections on the Life of {Leo Szilard}", howpublished = "Policy Forum with Nobel laureate Kenneth Wilson, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio.", day = "17", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:LSP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}: Physics, Politics, and the Narrow Margin of Hope", howpublished = "A talk at the Symposium in Celebration of the 100th Anniversary of Leo Szilard's Birth. Sponsored by the Forum on International Physics, Forum on Physics and Society, and Forum on the History of Physics. American Physical Society annual meeting, Columbus, Ohio. Published in \cite{Lanouette:1999:LSP}", day = "18", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:LS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard}", howpublished = "Interview with Veronika Sarkany for ``Hungarian Journey: Leo Szilard.'' Broadcast on Radio Hungary.", day = "25", month = apr, year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:LSM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard} Memorial Service and Interment", howpublished = "Ithaca, New York", day = "3", month = may, year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:NB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The {Nazi} Bomb", howpublished = "Interview about Szilard's attempts to spur the USA to develop an A-bomb before Germany could, including his drafting of a letter from Albert Einstein to President Roosevelt and his early research with Enrico Fermi. The History Channel. 10 June 1998.", day = "10", month = jun, year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @InProceedings{Lanouette:1998:LSCb, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Leo Szilard: A Comic and Cosmic Wit", crossref = "Marx:1998:LSC", pages = "103--108", year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:39:41 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Lanouette:1998:PCL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Prescience and Conscience: {Leo Szilard} (1898--1964)", howpublished = "An adaptation of \cite{Lanouette:1998:LSCb}.", year = "1998", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1999:CUP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The Century. Ultimate Power: The Race to Build the Atomic Bomb", howpublished = "Interview about Szilard's efforts to stop the bomb he had initiated. ABC Peter Jennings Reporting.", day = "1", month = apr, year = "1999", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1999:RCH, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Reason and Circumstances of the {Hiroshima} Bomb", crossref = "Prigge:2003:BBA", howpublished = "A talk about the U.S. scientists' struggle to control the A-bomb they had created, presented at a UNESCO Conference on World Cultural Heritage of the 20th Century ``Modernity and Barbarism.'' The Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany. 4 June 1999. Published in \cite{Lanouette:2003:GHB}.", day = "4", month = jun, year = "1999", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:1999:WFM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Where the Four {Martians} of the {Manhattan Project} Landed: The {National Laboratory} Connections of {Teller}, {Wigner}, {von Neumann}, and {Szilard}", howpublished = "A Talk at a Conference on Laboratory History and Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook \& Brookhaven National Laboratory", day = "10", month = jun, year = "1999", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2000:RND, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Respondent to {``New Dimensions in the Dialogue Between Science and the Humanities''}", howpublished = "With examples of ways Szilard used science fiction and fables to reveal scientific and political insights. Gordon Research Conference on ``New Frontiers in Science and Technology Policy'' Plymouth, New Hampshire.", day = "22", month = aug, year = "2000", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, xxnote = "Were the proceedings published? I don't find them in the KVK.", } @Misc{Lanouette:2002:ELR, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Einstein}'s Letter to {Roosevelt}", howpublished = "Consultant and speaker on Szilard's role in drafting and delivering Einstein's 1939 letter to FDR that prompted the Manhattan Project. The Learning Channel", month = "Fall", year = "2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2002:LSB, author = "William Lanouette and Gregg Herken and Robert S. Norrisat", title = "Leo Szilard: Baiting Brass Hats", howpublished = "A talk for the panel on ``The Military and Science in the Crucible of War'' (with Gregg Herken and Robert S. Norrisat) a Symposium on the Manhattan Project, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC. Broadcast as C-SPAN Program \# 169799-2.", day = "27", month = apr, year = "2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, xxnote = "Check author order??", } @Misc{Lanouette:2002:MMM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Modern Marvels: {Manhattan Project}", howpublished = "Consultant and speaker on a program about Szilard's role in prompting the U.S. A-bomb program, then opposing the weapon's use. The History Channel", day = "4", month = jun, year = "2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2002:UP, author = "William Lanouette and Peter Cook", title = "Uranium $ + $ Peaches", howpublished = "Play about the May 1945 meeting between Einstein's prot{\'e}g{\'e} Leo Szilard and President Truman's mentor (soon Secretary of State) James F. Byrnes, in which the scientist who made the A-bomb and wants to stop it confronts the politician eager to use it. Five staged dramatic readings in New York City and two in Hollywood, 2002--08.", year = "2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2002:WP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "War \& Peace", howpublished = "Speaker about Leo Szilard's role rallying scientists against the weapons they created, in a film by Anand Patwardhan about the nuclear arms race and its control", year = "2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2004:UPH, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Uranium $ + $ Peaches in {Hollywood}", howpublished = "Interview about Leo Szilard and his portrayal by Ed Asner in a staged Hollywood reading. ``Stage and Screen'' KXLU-FM Los Angeles", day = "22", month = mar, year = "2004", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2004:MML, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Martian} in Motion: {Leo Szilard}", howpublished = "Consultant and speaker on a 2004 documentary about Leo Szilard. Arkion Documentary, Knoxville, Tennessee.", year = "2004", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2005:AHN, author = "William Lanouette", title = "60th Anniversary of {Hiroshima} \& {Nagasaki}", howpublished = "Interview for TBS (Tokyo), NTV (Nagoya), and SPIEGEL-TV (Germany) programs about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Szilard's efforts first to start the U.S. A-bomb program --- the Manhattan Project =-- and then to prevent the bomb's use against civilians.", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "2005", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2005:EEL, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Einstein}'s Equation of Life \& Death", howpublished = "Consultant and speaker on the BBC ``Horizon'' science program about how a letter to the President by physicists Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard prompted the U.S. Government to develop nuclear weapons, and how the two men reacted once A-bombs were used. Broadcast in the UK 27 \& 29 January 2005, on Discovery 17 April 2005.", day = "27 \& 29", month = jan, year = "2005", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2005:SSP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Szilardian} Science and Politics: Evolution, Revolution, or Subversion?", howpublished = "A paper for the Session on ``The Scientist's Approach --0 The Decision Makers' Approach'' that details Szilard's unconventional creations in science and public policy. World Science Forum on ``Knowledge, Ethics, and Responsibility,'' sponsored by UNESCO and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest, 10th November 2005. Presented in modified form at the Program on Science and Global Security, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, 15 February 2006.", month = nov, year = "2005", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, xxnote = "Were the proceedings published? I don't find them in the KVK.", } @Misc{Lanouette:2005:GVT, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Geni{\u\i} v teni ({Russian}) [{Genius} in the shadows]", howpublished = "Russian edition of Genius in the Shadows. Translated by Viktor B. Adamskii, Andrei Sakharov's colleague in the Soviet nuclear weapons program, 2005.", year = "2005", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2006:ELa, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Einstein}'s Letter", howpublished = "``Science Talk,'' the Scientific American Podcast Interview about an upcoming History Channel program on the roles of Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard in the beginning of the nuclear age. Episode 9.", day = "5", month = apr, year = "2006", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2006:ELb, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Einstein}'s Letter", howpublished = "Consultant \& on-air speaker about how Szilard drafted for Albert Einstein a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939 warning about a German A-bomb. History Channel series ``Ten Days That Unexpectedly Changed America.''", day = "10", month = apr, year = "2006", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2008:MPC, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The {Manhattan Project} and its {Cold War} Legacy", howpublished = "Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.", day = "20", month = feb, year = "2008", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2008:NMH, author = "William Lanouette", title = "A Narrow Margin of Hope: {Leo Szilard} in the Founding Days of {CARA}", howpublished = "A talk in the session ``The Early Years: The Academic Assistance Council'' at the conference ``In Defence of Learning: The Past and the Present'' celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Council for the Assistance of Academic Refugees (The Royal Society \& The British Academy) London.", day = "4", month = dec, year = "2008", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2009:SPA, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Scientists and Politicians: The Art of the Impossible", howpublished = "A paper presented for the panel on ``Nuclear Weapons Policies: Perspectives from the Past'' at the Symposium ``Revisiting Reykjavik: Nuclear Weapons Policy for the New Century.'' Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA", day = "14", month = mar, year = "2009", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, xxnote = "Were the proceedings published? I don't find them in the KVK.", } @Misc{Lanouette:2009:BBF, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Building the Bomb, Fearing Its Use: Nuclear Scientists, Social Responsibility and Arms Control, 1946--1996", howpublished = "Panelist at a Library of Congress discussion on ``Building the Bomb.'' Described Szilard's struggles to build and then ban the bomb. Other participants were Mary Palevsky, Hugh Gusterson, and Martin J. Sherwin", day = "27", month = may, year = "2009", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2010:LSW, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Leo Szilard} in {Washington}: Seeking a Market for Wisdom", howpublished = "Washington Magyar Club. Described Szilard's efforts to start the US nuclear weapons program in 1939, and to curb the nuclear arms race both during and after World War II. Also detailed his research at NIH in the 1950s and his creation of the Council for a Livable World to aid arms control.", day = "16", month = jan, year = "2010", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2011:FHM, author = "William Lanouette", title = "The {Four Hungarians} of the {Manhattan Project}", howpublished = "Washington Magyar Club. Described the roles of Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, John von Neumann, and Edward Teller in the Manhattan Project.", day = "15", month = jan, year = "2011", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2011:ESP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Einstein} and {Szilard} in {Princeton}", howpublished = "Historical Society of Princeton, The Lewis B. Cuyler Lecture. Described the friendship and interactions between Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard, in Berlin and in Princeton. Included their friendships and contacts with John von Neumann and Eugene Wigner. (Program included remarks by Freeman Dyson.)", day = "9", month = feb, year = "2011", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2011:EF, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{Einstein}'s Fridge", howpublished = "Interview in a Discovery program on Inventions that Shook the World, describing the co-invention by Einstein and Szilard of a revolutionary refrigerator in the 1920s.", day = "27", month = jul, year = "2011", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2011:EMB, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Ethics, Morality, and the Bomb", howpublished = "Leo Szilard's struggle with the weapon he created and then tried to control. The Woodstock Group.", day = "13", month = dec, year = "2011", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2012:UP, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Uranium $ + $ Peaches", howpublished = "Staged dramatic reading by the Arts Council of Princeton and the Princeton Theatre Experiment at the Paul Robeson Center, Princeton, NJ, USA", day = "10", month = mar, year = "2012", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2012:WWD, author = "William Lanouette", title = "Why We Dropped the Bomb", howpublished = "Talk to University of the Third Age at the University of San Diego, featuring Szilard's efforts to stop the atomic bombing of Japan in 1945", day = "19", month = jul, year = "2012", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } @Misc{Lanouette:2012:EAS, author = "William Lanouette", title = "{European} and {American} Scientists and their creation of nuclear weapons and power", howpublished = "Graduate seminar presentation on Szilard's efforts in Europe and the USA to create A-bombs and nuclear reactors", day = "16", month = aug, year = "2012", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 06:50:11 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # "\slash " # ack-wl, } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Cross-referenced entries must come last; entries are sorted by year, %%% and then by citation label, with `bibsort --byyear': @Book{Grodzins:1963:AAS, editor = "Morton Grodzins and Eugene I. Rabinowitch", title = "The Atomic Age: Scientists in National and World Affairs. Articles from the {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists} 1945--1962", publisher = pub-BASIC-BOOKS, address = pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr, pages = "xviii + 616", year = "1963", LCCN = "D842 .B78", bibdate = "Fri Aug 8 18:23:29 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "nuclear warfare; science and civilization; world politics; 1955--1965", } @Book{Chambers:1999:OCA, editor = "John Whiteclay Chambers", booktitle = "The {Oxford} companion to {American} military history", title = "The {Oxford} companion to {American} military history", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "916", year = "1999", ISBN = "0-19-507198-0", ISBN-13 = "978-0-19-507198-6", LCCN = "E181 .O94 1999", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 18:00:10 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "United States; History, Military; Dictionaries", } @Book{Prigge:2003:BBA, editor = "Walter Prigge", booktitle = "{Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernit{\"a}t und Barbarei}. ({German}) [{Bauhaus}, {Brasilia}, {Auschwitz}, {Hiroshima}: {World Heritage Sites} of the {20th Century}: modernity and barbarism]", title = "{Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernit{\"a}t und Barbarei}. ({German}) [{Bauhaus}, {Brasilia}, {Auschwitz}, {Hiroshima}: {World Heritage Sites} of the {20th Century}: modernity and barbarism]", volume = "12", publisher = "Jovis-Verlag", address = "Berlin, Germany", pages = "319", year = "2003", ISBN = "3-936314-93-4", ISBN-13 = "978-3-936314-93-9", LCCN = "CB427 2003", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 15:15:48 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk", series = "Edition Bauhaus", URL = "http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2003-3-159", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "German", } @Book{Masters:1946:OWN, editor = "Dexter Masters and Katharine Way", booktitle = "One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", title = "One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", publisher = "Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "x + 79", year = "1946", LCCN = "UF767 .M3 1946a", bibdate = "Sun May 1 11:36:59 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. See also reprint \cite{Masters:2007:OWN}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "atomic bomb; nuclear energy; nuclear weapons; nuclear warfare; moral and ethical aspects", tableofcontents = "Introduction / Arthur H. Compton \\ Foreword: Science and civilization / Niels Bohr \\ 1. If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison \\ 2. It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley \\ 3. Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner \\ 4. The new power / Gale Young \\ 5. The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R. Oppenheimer \\ 6. Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold \\ 7. There is no defence / Louis N. Ridenour \\ 8. The new technique of private war / E. U. Condon \\ 9. How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans Bethe \\ 10. An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving Langmuir \\ 11. How does it all add up? / Harold Urey \\ 12. Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? / Leo Szilard \\ 13. International control of atomic energy / Walter Lippmann \\ 14. The way out / Albert Einstein \\ 15. Survival is at stake / Federation of American (Atomic) Scientists.", } @Book{Masters:1946:VEI, editor = "Dexter Masters and Katherine Way", booktitle = "Een Verden eller ingen. ({Danish}) [{One} world or none]", title = "Een Verden eller ingen. ({Danish}) [{One} world or none]", publisher = "????", address = "K{\o}benhavn, Danmark", pages = "220", year = "1946", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 14:32:13 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01", note = "Danish translation of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN} by Gudrun Frederiksen og Ebbe Rasmussen. Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. Reprint of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, language = "Danish", tableofcontents = "Philip Morrison: Hvis Bomben slippes \\ Harlow Shapley: I Stjernerne er det en gammel Historie \\ Eugene P. Wigner: Grundlaget for Atomalderen \\ Gale Young: Den nye Energi \\ J. R. Oppenheimer: Det nye Vaaben \\ H. H. Arnold: Luftvaabnet i Atomalderen \\ Louis N. Ridenour: Der gives intet Forsvar \\ E. U. Condon: Den nye Teknik i den ``private'' Krig \\ Frederick Seitz: Hvor n{\aa}r er Faren? / af Frederick Seitz og Hans Bethe \\ Irving Langmuir: Atomkaprustningen og dens Alternativer \\ Harold C. Urey: Hvordan kan det hele sammenfattes? Leo Szilard: Kan vi undgaa Kaprustning ved et Inspektionssystem? \\ Walter Lippmann: International Kontrol med Atomenergi \\ Albert Einstein: Udvejen \\ Forbundet af Amerikanske (Atom)-Videnskabsm{\ae}nd: Overlevelsen staar paa Spil", } @Proceedings{Kozloff:1954:DGP, editor = "L. Kozloff and Alvin Novick and Leo Szilard and Edgar John Boell", booktitle = "{Dynamics of growth processes: Papers presented at the society's 11th annual symposium held at Williams College in June 1952}", title = "{Dynamics of growth processes: Papers presented at the society's 11th annual symposium held at Williams College in June 1952}", publisher = pub-PRINCETON, address = pub-PRINCETON:adr, pages = "vii + 304", year = "1954", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 17:14:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Fermi:1968:III, author = "Laura Fermi", booktitle = "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration from {Europe}, 1930/41", title = "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration from {Europe}, 1930/41", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "xi + 440", year = "1968", LCCN = "E184.A1 F47", bibdate = "Thu May 31 09:24:51 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Bethe, Hans; Bohr, Niels; Einstein, Albert; Fermi, Enrico; Fermi, Laura; Franck, James; Gamow, George; Goudsmidt, Samuel; Hitler, Adolf; Neumann, John von; Segr{\`e}, Emilio; Szilard, Leo; Teller, Edward; Ulam, Stanislaw; Wigner, Eugene", subject = "immigrants; United States; Europeans; intellectuals; civilization; foreign influences", } @Book{Fermi:1971:III, author = "Laura Fermi", booktitle = "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration from {Europe}, 1930/41", title = "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration from {Europe}, 1930/41", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, edition = "Second", pages = "xi + 431", year = "1971", ISBN = "0-226-24376-1, 0-226-24378-8 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-24376-4, 978-0-226-24378-8 (paperback)", LCCN = "E184.A1 F47 1971", bibdate = "Thu May 31 09:24:51 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Bethe, Hans; Bohr, Niels; Einstein, Albert; Fermi, Enrico; Fermi, Laura; Franck, James; Gamow, George; Goudsmidt, Samuel; Hitler, Adolf; Neumann, John von; Segr{\`e}, Emilio; Szilard, Leo; Teller, Edward; Ulam, Stanislaw; Wigner, Eugene", subject = "immigrants; United States; Europeans; intellectuals; civilization; foreign influences", } @Book{Weart:1978:LSH, editor = "Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard", booktitle = "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence", title = "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence", volume = "2", publisher = pub-MIT, address = pub-MIT:adr, pages = "xxii + 244", year = "1978", ISBN = "0-262-19168-7 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-262-19168-5 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC3 .S97 vol. 2; QC16.S95", bibdate = "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", series = "The Collected works of Leo Szilard", abstract = "This book is a collection of documents, letters, and memoranda about atomic energy written by Leo Szilard. The documents, presented in English in chronological order, show the birth and growth of the atomic age from the perspective of the man who first conceived of how to construct an A-bomb. The book is a window into the written thoughts and deeds of an atomic pioneer and a highly opinionated individual. It reveals Szilard's passionate efforts to beat the Nazis in the race for the atomic bomb, followed an equally passionate effort to prevent atomic attacks against Japan in August of 1945. Szilard's ideas for an elite international organization for peace called Der Bund are presented in a draft proposal for the organization. The documents give an account not only of Szilard's life, but an expert's view on the early stages of atomic development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Correspondence; Interviews; Biography", } @Book{Bird:1996:HSW, editor = "Kai Bird and Lawrence Lifschultz", booktitle = "{Hiroshima}'s shadow: writings on the denial of history and the {Smithsonian} controversy", title = "{Hiroshima}'s shadow: writings on the denial of history and the {Smithsonian} controversy", publisher = "Pamphleteer's Press", address = "Stony Creek, CT, USA", pages = "lxxvii + 584", year = "1996", ISBN = "0-9630587-3-8 (hardcover), 0-9630587-4-6 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-9630587-3-7 (hardcover), 978-0-9630587-4-4 (paperback)", LCCN = "9609 BOOK NOT YET IN LC", bibdate = "Fri Aug 8 17:56:20 MDT 2008", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Preface by Dr. Joseph Rotblat, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.", tableofcontents = "A social conscience for the nuclear age / Joseph Rotblat \\ The legend of Hiroshima / Lawrence Lifschultz, Kai Bird \\ Historians reassess: did we need to drop the bomb? / Gar Alperovitz \\ Did the bomb end the war? / Murray Sayle \\ The logic of mass destruction / Mark Selden \\ The first nuclear war / Wilfred Burchett \\ The decision to use the bombs / P. M. S. Blackett \\ New evidence on Truman's decision / Robert L. Messer \\ Three attempts to stop the bomb / William Lanouette \\ Racing to the finish / Stanley Goldberg \\ A post-war myth: 500,000 US lives saved / Barton J. Bernstein \\ The invasion that never was / Adam Goodheart \\ The construction of conventional wisdom / Uday Mohan, Sanho Tree \\ Seizing the contested terrain of early nuclear history / Barton J. Bernstein \\ The decision to use the atomic bomb / Henry L. Stimson \\ Thank God for the atom bomb / Paul Fussell \\ Hiroshima and modern memory / Martin J. Sherwin \\ The horror and the shame / The editors of Commonweal \\ ``Victory for what?'': The voice of the minority / Paul Boyer \\ Leaving the bomb project / Joseph Rotblat \\ The atom bomb \& Ahimsa / Mahatma Gandhi \\ Between hell and reason / Albert Camus \\ The decline to barbarism / Dwight Macdonald \\ When cruelty becomes pleasurable / Norman Thomas \\ The return to nothingness / Felix Morley \\ Our relations to Japan / Reinhold Niebuhr \\ Nothing but nihilism / James Martin Gillis \\ What hath man wrought! / David Lawrence \\ Gentlemen: you are mad! / Lewis Mumford \\ John Hersey and the American conscience / Michael J. Yavenditti \\ The ``Hiroshima'' New Yorker / Mary McCarthy \\ The literacy of survival / Norman Cousins \\ An opinion on Hiroshima / Edgar R. Smothers \\ Has it come to this? / A. J. Muste \\ The battle of the Enola Gay / Mike Wallace \\ Unconditional surrender at the Smithsonian / John W. Dower \\ Memory, myth and history / Martin J. Sherwin \\ Smithsonian suffers Legionnaires' Disease / Stanley Goldberg \\ How the US press missed the target / Tony Capaccio, Uday Mohan \\ The war of the op-ed pages. How a genuine democracy should celebrate its past / John W. Dower \\ The Enola Gay: a nation's, and a museum's, dilemma / Martin Harwit \\ The curators cave in / Kai Bird \\ The Smithsonian and the bomb / Editorial, The New York Times \\ World War II revised, or, How we bombed Japan out of racism and spite / Charles Krauthammer \\ Beyond the Smithsonian flap: historians' new consensus \\ Enola Gay: a new consensus / Gar Alperovitz \\ What new consensus? / Robert P. Newman \\ Dropping a bomb of an idea / Jonathan Yardley \\ Hiroshima, rewritten / Barton J. Bernstein \\ The trend of history / Editorial, the Wall Street Journal \\ The Smithsonian changes course / Editorial, The Washington Post \\ Or Hiroshima ``cult''? / Edwin M. Yoder Jr. \\ Truman was right in 1945 / Albert R. Hunt \\ Nagasaki / Stanley Goldberg \\ The revisionists' agenda / Stephen S. Rosenfeld \\ Enola Gay: ``patriotically correct'' / Kai Bird \\ The day Hiroshima disappeared / Shuntaro Hida \\ The unsurrendered people / Kenzaburo O{\'e} \\ Summer flower / Tamiki Hara", } @Book{Wigner:1996:CWE, editor = "Eugene Paul Wigner", booktitle = "The collected works of {Eugene Paul Wigner}. {Part A. The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics}", title = "The collected works of {Eugene Paul Wigner}. {Part A. The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics}", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, pages = "x + 574", year = "1996", ISBN = "3-540-56972-3", ISBN-13 = "978-3-540-56972-5", MRclass = "01A75 (81-03 81Q10 81R05 81U20 81V35)", MRnumber = "1366418 (97e:01024)", MRreviewer = "R. L. Ingraham", bibdate = "Sat Jul 28 10:00:08 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib", note = "Annotated by Herman Feshbach, Edited and with a preface by Arthur S. Wightman and Jagdish Mehra", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Proceedings{Marx:1998:LSC, editor = "George Marx", booktitle = "{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}", title = "{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}", publisher = "E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society", address = "Budapest, Hungary", pages = "192 (est.)", year = "1998", LCCN = "????", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, editor-dates = "1927--2002", remark = "The conference was organized by the E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society, in cooperation with the American Physical Society, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Pugwash Movement of scientists, under the sponsorship of the Prime Minister of Hungary. Hungarian form of editor name is Marx Gy{\"o}rgy.", xxISBN = "none", xxisbn-13 = "none", } @Book{Leventhal:2002:NPS, editor = "Paul Leventhal and Sharon Tanzer and Steven Dolley", booktitle = "Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?", title = "Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?", publisher = "Brassey's", address = "Washington, DC, USA", pages = "xxv + 340", year = "2002", ISBN = "1-57488-494-8 (hardcover), 1-57488-495-6 (paperback)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-57488-494-4 (hardcover), 978-1-57488-495-1 (paperback)", LCCN = "TK9145 .N8297 2002", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 14:51:18 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Edward J. Markey.", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy035/2002018416.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Nuclear Control Institute book.", subject = "Nuclear engineering; International cooperation; Technology transfer; Nuclear weapons; Nuclear nonproliferation", } @Book{Cronin:2004:FR, editor = "James W. Cronin", booktitle = "{Fermi} remembered", title = "{Fermi} remembered", publisher = pub-U-CHICAGO, address = pub-U-CHICAGO:adr, pages = "xi + 287", year = "2004", ISBN = "0-226-12111-9 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-0-226-12111-6 (hardcover)", LCCN = "QC16.F46 F49 2004", bibdate = "Mon Jun 18 08:16:04 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/2003020524.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0614/2003020524-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip049/2003020524.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Fermi, Enrico; archives; nuclear physics", subject-dates = "1901--1954", tableofcontents = "Preface \\ Chapter 1 Biographical Introduction \\ Editor's comment \\ Emilio Segr{\`e}: Biographical Introduction \\ Chapter 2 Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter \\ Editor's comment \\ Frank Wilczek: Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter \\ Chapter 3 Letters and a Speech Relating to the Development of Nuclear Energy \\ Editor's introductory comments \\ Editor's comment 1 \\ To Harry M. Durning, January 16, 1939 \\ Editor's comment 2 \\ From George B. Pegram to S. C. Hooper, March 18, 1939 \\ Editor's comment 3 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 3, 1939 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 5, 1939 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 8, 1939 \\ To Leo Szilard, July 9, 1939 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 11, 1939 \\ Editor's comment 4 \\ From Vannevar Bush, August 15, 1941 \\ Editor's comment 5 \\ From Harry S. Truman, 8/11/5 \\0 Editor's comment 6 \\ ``The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' January 30, 1954, speech outline \\ ``Physics at Columbia University: The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' November 1955 \\ Chapter 4 Correspondence between Fermi and Colleagues: Scientific, Political, Humorous \\ Editor's comments on letters \\ To Janes F. Byrnes, October 16, 1945 \\ From C. N. Yang, January 5, 1950 \\ To C. N. Yang, January 12, 1950 \\ From Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, February 10, 1951 \\ To Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, February 27, 1951 \\ From Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan, October 4, 1952 \\ To Fred Reines, October 8, 1952 \\ To Dean G. Acheson, May 22, 1952 \\ From Linus Pauling, June 16, 1952 \\ From George Gamow, March 13, 1953 \\ To George Gamow, March 24, 1953 \\ From Samuel Goudsmit, March 11, 1953 \\ To Samuel Goudsmit, March 24, 1953 \\ From George Kistiakowsky, September 29, 1953 \\ To George Kistiakowsky, September 30, 1953 \\ From Arthur Compton, December 2, 1953 \\ To Arthur Compton, December 14, 1953 \\ From Owen Chamberlain, February 2, 1954 \\ Chapter 5 Research: Selections from the Archives \\ International House application, June 10, 1940 \\ Editors comment 2 \\ To Walter Bartky, December 3, 1945 \\ Editor's comment 3 \\ Photograph of original members of the Institute for Nuclear Studies \\ Institute for Nuclear Studies members, 1950 \\ Editor's comment 4 \\ Genesis of theory of cosmic ray acceleration, 1948--1949 \\ Editor's comment 5 \\ Summary page from data book on meson-nucleon scattering, February 1952 \\ Editor's comment 6 \\ Program for calculation of cyclotron orbits on the Maniac computer, 1951 \\ Editor's comment 7 \\ Quantum mechanics exam, spring quarter 1954 \\ Editor's comment 8 \\ ``The Future of Nuclear Physics,' Rochester, January 10, 1952 \\ Speech outline, January 30, 1954 \\ Chapter 6 Reminiscences of Fermi's Faculty and Research Colleagues, 1945--1954 \\ Richard Garwin: Working with Fermi at Chicago and Postwar Los Alamos \\ Murray Gell-Mann: No Shortage of Memories \\ Marvin Goldberger: Enrico Fermi (1901--1954): The Complete Physicist \\ Roger Hildebrand: Fermi's Classrooms \\ Darragh Nagle: With Fermi at Columbia, Chicago, and Los Alamos \\ Valentine Telegdi: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\ Albert Wattenberg: Fermi as My Chauffeur (Fermi at Argonne National Laboratory and Chicago, 1946--1948) \\ Courtenay Wright: Fermi in Action \\ Chapter 7 Reminiscences of Fermi's Students, 1945--1954 \\ Harold Agnew: A Snapshot of My Interaction with Fermi \\ Owen Chamberlain: A Brief Reminiscence of Enrico Fermi \\ Geoffrey Chew: Personal Recollections from 1944--1948 \\ George Farwell: Reminiscences of Fermi \\ Uri Haber-Schaim: Fermi in Varenna, Summer 1954 \\ T. D. Lee: Reminiscences of Chicago Days \\ Jay Orear: My First Meetings with Fermi \\ Arthur Rosenfeld: Reminiscences of Fermi \\ Robert Schluter: Some Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\ Jack Steinberger: Fermi and My Graduate Years at Chicago: Happy Reminiscences \\ Chapter 8 Reminiscences of Students of the Fermi Period, 1945--1954 \\ Nina Byers: Fermi and Szilard \\ Jerome Friedman: A Student's View of Fermi \\ Maurice Glicksman: Enrico Fermi: Teacher, Colleague, Mentor \\ Marshall Rosenbluth: A Young Man Encounters Enrico Fermi \\ Lincoln Wolfenstein: Fermi Interactions \\ C. N. Yang: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\ Gaurang Yodh: This Account Is Not According to the Mahabharata! \\ Chapter 9 What Can We Learn with High Energy Accelerators? \\ James W. Cronin: Fermi's Look into His Crystal Ball \\ Further Reading \\ List of Contributors", } @Proceedings{Kelly:2004:RMP, editor = "Cynthia C. Kelly", booktitle = "Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: perspectives on the making of the atomic bomb and its legacy", title = "Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: perspectives on the making of the atomic bomb and its legacy", publisher = pub-WORLD-SCI, address = pub-WORLD-SCI:adr, pages = "xi + 188", year = "2004", ISBN = "981-256-040-8", ISBN-13 = "978-981-256-040-7", LCCN = "QC773.A1 R46 2004", bibdate = "Thu Dec 22 08:45:44 MST 2005", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Symposium held Saturday, April 27, 2002, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA. Part I. A report on the proceedings of the Atomic Heritage Foundation's Symposium on the Manhattan Project. Part II. A plan for preserving the Manhattan Project.", subject = "Atomic bomb; United States; History", tableofcontents = "Pt. I. A report on the proceedings \\ Opening remarks / Jeff Bingaman \\ Opening remarks / Everet H. Beckner \\ Preserving the history of the Manhattan project / Cynthia C. Kelly \\ The atomic bomb in the Second World War / Richard Rhodes \\ The Manhattan project: an extraordinary achievement of the ``American way'' / Stephane Groueff \\ A tale of two documents / Andrew Brown \\ A footnote on Hiroshima and atomic morality: Conant, Niebuhr, and an ``emotional'' clergyman, 1945-46 / James G. Hershberg \\ A Los Alamos beginning / Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin \\ General Leslie R. Groves and the scientists / Robert S. Norris \\ Science in the service of the state: the cautionary tale of Robert Oppenheimer / Gregg Herken \\ Leo Szilard: baiting brass hats / William Lanouette \\ SEDs at Los Alamos: a personal memoir / Benjamin Bederson \\ Some experiences at the Met: lab and what could be learned from a highly successful and challenging project / Jerome Karle \\ My first professional assignment / Isabella Karle \\ Triumph and tragedy: the odyssey of J. R. Oppenheimer --- a personal perspective / Maurice M. Shapiro \\ Then and now / Maxine Singer \\ The Manhattan project: qualitative or quantitative change? / Stephen Younger \\ Expertise and independence: the role of the science advisor / Richard L. Garwin \\ The future of nuclear deterrence / Richard Rhodes \\ Reflections on the Manhattan project: consequences and repercussions / James Schlesinger \\ Pt. II. A plan for preserving the Manhattan project \\ Preserving America: a strategy for the Manhattan project \\ Cross-cutting recommendations \\ Preservation strategies for the Manhattan project: two options \\ App. A. Description of Manhattan project properties", } @Book{Masters:2007:OWN, editor = "Dexter Masters and Katharine Way", booktitle = "One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", title = "One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb", publisher = "New Press", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xx + 220", year = "2007", ISBN = "1-59558-227-4 (hardcover)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-59558-227-0 (hardcover)", LCCN = "UG1282.A8 O54 2007", bibdate = "Thu Sep 15 14:06:49 MDT 2011", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. Reprint of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN}.", URL = "http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1703; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0718/2007020838.htm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "atomic bomb; nuclear energy; nuclear weapons; nuclear warfare; moral and ethical aspects; scientists' writings; security, international; forecasting", tableofcontents = "If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison \\ It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley \\ Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner \\ The new power / Gale Young \\ The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R. Oppenheimer \\ Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold \\ There is no defense / Louis N. Ridenour \\ The new technique of private War / E. U. Condon \\ How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans Bethe \\ An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving Langmuir \\ How does it all add up? / Harold C. Urey \\ Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? / Leo Szilard \\ International control of atomic energy / Walter Lippmann \\ The way out / Albert Einstein \\ Survival is at stake / The Federation of American (Atomic) Scientists", } @Proceedings{Marks:2011:DLP, editor = "Shula Marks and Paul Weindling and Laura Wintour", booktitle = "{In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s}", title = "{In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s}", volume = "169", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xx + 320", year = "2011", ISBN = "0-19-726481-6", ISBN-13 = "978-0-19-726481-2", LCCN = "HV640.4.G7 I55 2011", bibdate = "Fri Jan 11 13:09:50 MST 2013", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", note = "Published for the British Academy.", series = "Proceedings of the British Academy", URL = "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-t.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Contributions given at a conference held at the British Academy on 3--4 December 2008, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Academic Assistance Council (AAC) in 1933, later the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) (1936-98) and now the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA).", subject = "Refugees; History; 20th century; Political refugees; Great Britain; College teachers; World War, 1939-1945; Vluchtelingen; Academici", } @Book{Schils:2012:HJW, author = "Ren{\'e} Schils", booktitle = "How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten inventions of our great scientists", title = "How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten inventions of our great scientists", publisher = pub-SV, address = pub-SV:adr, pages = "vii + 170", year = "2012", ISBN = "1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 1-4614-0860-1 (e-book)", ISBN-13 = "978-1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 978-1-4614-0860-4 (e-book)", LCCN = "T15 .S35513 2012", bibdate = "Wed May 30 08:42:14 MDT 2012", bibsource = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, subject = "Inventions; History; Science; Inventors; Biography; Scientists", tableofcontents = "Johannes Kepler \\ Robert Hooke \\ Edmond Halley \\ Daniel Bernoulli \\ Benjamin Franklin \\ Joseph Priestly \\ James Watt \\ Edward Jenner \\ John Dalton \\ Thomas Young \\ Justus von Liebig \\ Charles Darwin \\ William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) \\ James Clerk Maxwell \\ Alexander Graham Bell \\ Hendrik Antoon Lorentz \\ Svante Arrhenius \\ Pierre Curie \\ Walther Nernst \\ Albert Einstein \\ Harlow Shapley \\ Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger \\ Enrico Fermi \\ Rosalind Franklin \\ George Gamow", }