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1 General Situation

Now it seems that the number of systems in Europe converge to about 140 that is 28% of the worldwide installations. The increase in speed is not as dramatically as last year. This time tex2html_wrap_inline156 comes to 801 Gflops/s and tex2html_wrap_inline158 to 1172 Gflops/s that means 17% of the worldwide figures. The growth is only in the range of 170% to 180%, similar to the world wide trend. The percentage of 28% installed systems in comparison to 17% tex2html_wrap_inline156 shows clearly that Europe uses more but smaller systems. The contrary can be seen in Japan, 15% installed computers but 26% of tex2html_wrap_inline156 speed. These observations forced the German Scientific Council (Wissenschaftsrat) to publish a spectacular report. This topic will be discussed in the German section in detail.

This time the most powerful machine in Europe - although extended by 64 processors, the T3D 320 from University of Edinburgh fall back from rank 14 to rank 23. Cray T3D's with 512 processors and more and the Fujitsu VPP500 line overtook the British machine. This underlines the fact that Europe is falling behind using massively parallel machines.

In Europe HPC computers are mainly used in academic and research environment, about 75% compared to 23% for industrial usage, vendors and classified institutions can be neglected compared to America. If one changes to tex2html_wrap_inline156 , academic and research keep the percentage with 78% but industry falls back to 15%, while classified institutions grow to 5%. The same situation can be observed with tex2html_wrap_inline158 . This shows that industry uses smaller and less powerful TOP500 computers than research, academic and classified institutions. So this list reflects more the academic aspect than industrial usage of HPC. That is demonstrated by German industrial users, there is a lot of Cray C90 with two processors or Y-MPs that fall out of this list. Nearly the same percentage can be observed in Japan, from where it is well known that industry uses small supercomputers.

Europe buys American machines, 84% of the computers and the other 8% are dedicated to European and Japanese computers. Nearly the same percentage can be found for tex2html_wrap_inline156 and tex2html_wrap_inline158 . This means, American machines are predominant in the old continent, European vendors have a small chance too.

The European users and computer centers are equipped with new machines. Out of 139 computers 82 have been installed or extended in 1995, 60% of all the entries in the European list. For example the University of Edinburgh and ZIB in Germany added another 64 processors to their T3D. The year before, 1994, 45 systems of the list have been bought. This means 130 of 141 machines - more than 90% - are not older than two years.




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Next: 1.1 Distribution on country Up: High Performance Computing in Previous: High Performance Computing in

top500@rz.uni-mannheim.de
Tue May 28 14:38:25 PST 1996